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Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Founded in 1947, NNIIRT is based in the city of <a href="/facts/Nizhny_Novgorod/4bE65cYq">Nizhny Novgorod</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>Beginning in 1975, NNIIRT developed the first <a href="/facts/Very_high_frequency/8V90M1Sl">VHF</a> <a href="/facts/3D_radar/rAtWDD3r">3D radar</a> capable of measuring height, range, and <a href="/facts/Azimuth/kEyt9nJ3">azimuth</a> to a target. This effort produced the 55Zh6 'Nebo' VHF surveillance radar, which passed acceptance trials in 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>In the <a href="/facts/Post%25E2%2580%2593Cold_War_era/5B3vry3Q">post–Cold War era</a>, NNIIRT developed the 55Zh6 Nebo U 'Tall Rack' radar, which has been integrated with the <a href="/facts/S-400_(missile)/J0GUgjWd">SA-21</a> anti-aircraft weapons system. This system is deployed around Moscow.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>In 2013, NNIIRT announced the further development of the 55Zh6UME Nebo-UME, which combines VHF and <a href="/facts/L_band/6l9P26IP">L band</a> radars on a single assembly.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="nniirt-designed-air-surveillance-radars">NNIIRT designed air surveillance radars</h2> <p>The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (Russian acronym: NNIIRT) has since 1948 developed a number of radars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>Other innovations were radars with frequency hopping; the <a href="/facts/P-10_radar/kyaLgPtr">P-10 Volga A</a> (NATO: KNIFE REST B) in 1953, radars with transmitter signal coherency and special features like moving target indicator (MTI); the <a href="/facts/P-12_radar/B6kIbc79">P-12 Yenisei</a> (NATO: SPOON REST) in 1955, as well as the P-70 Lena-M with chirp signal modulation in 1968.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Radar</th><th>NATO reporting name</th><th>Radio spectrum (NATO)</th><th>Developed</th><th>Production plant</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-3_radar/wYtC9tNc">P-3</a></td><td></td><td>VHF</td><td>1948</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td>The first Soviet post-World War II air surveillance radar</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-8_radar/Hds8rcA4">P-8 Volga</a></td><td>KNIFE REST A</td><td>VHF</td><td>1950</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td>The first Soviet radar with circular scan</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-10_radar/kyaLgPtr">P-10 Volga A</a></td><td>KNIFE REST B</td><td>VHF</td><td>1953</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td>Frequency hopping</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-12_radar/B6kIbc79">P-12 Yenisei</a></td><td>SPOON REST</td><td>VHF</td><td>1955</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td>Coherent radar with MTI</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-14_radar/CU2xeHlc">P-14 Lena</a></td><td>TALL KING</td><td>VHF</td><td>1959</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-70_radar/GQ45Nr6v">P-70 Lena-M</a></td><td></td><td>VHF</td><td>1968</td><td></td><td>First Soviet radar with chirp</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-18_radar/rQp9aD5I">P-18 Terek</a></td><td>SPOON REST D</td><td>VHF</td><td>1970</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-14_radar/CU2xeHlc">5N84A Oborona-14</a></td><td>TALL KING C</td><td>VHF</td><td>1974</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/big-back.htm">5N69 Salute</a></td><td>BIG BACK</td><td>D-band</td><td>1975</td><td></td><td>First Soviet 3D-radar</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/P-14_radar/CU2xeHlc">44Zh6</a></td><td>TALL KING B</td><td>VHF</td><td>1979</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td>Stationary version of Oborona-14</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/nebo.htm">55Zh6 Nebo</a></td><td>TALL RACK</td><td>VHF</td><td>1982</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td>First Soviet meter-wavelength 3D-radar</td></tr><tr><td>1L13</td><td></td><td></td><td>1982</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/1L121-E/U6mdhNam">1L121-E</a></td><td></td><td>UHF</td><td>2011</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>52E6</td><td></td><td>VHF</td><td>1982–1996</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/nebo-svu.htm">1L13-3 Nebo-SV</a></td><td>BOX SPRING</td><td>VHF</td><td>1985</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55ZH6U Nebo-U<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td>TALL RACK</td><td>VHF</td><td>1992</td><td>NITEL<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1L119 Nebo-SVU</td><td></td><td>VHF</td><td>1997–2006</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>59N6-1 Protivnik-G1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td></td><td>D-band</td><td>1997</td><td></td><td>Average time between failures 840 hours</td></tr><tr><td>1L122 <a href="/facts/Avtobaza/Np6Q82qq">Avtobaza</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td></td><td>D-band</td><td>1997–2006</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>52E6MU<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td><td></td><td>VHF</td><td>1997–2006</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>P-18 modernisation kits</td><td>SPOON REST D</td><td>VHF</td><td>1997–2006</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55ZH6M <a href="/facts/Nebo-M/rRtK8Brj">Nebo-M</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td><td></td><td>VHF/multi-band</td><td>2011</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>59N6M</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="management">Management</h2> <ul><li>Tyulin Valery Evgenievich — General Director;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li>Tsyganov Maxim Alexandrovich — Deputy General Director for General Issues;</li> <li>Fomin Andrey Vladimirovich — Deputy General Director for Production;</li> <li>Cherney Pyotr Ivanovich — Deputy General Director for Quality;</li> <li>Solonina Alyona Alexandrovna — Deputy General Director for Financial and Economic Affairs;</li> <li>Sadovnikova Olga Alexandrovna — Chief Accountant;</li> <li>Frantsev Mikhail Yevtifeevich — Deputy General Director — Chief Engineer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.nniirt.ru">www.nniirt.ru</a> - Website (Russian language)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Сайт раскрытия информацииhahahq СКРИН". disclosure.skrin.ru. Retrieved 16 April 2017. <a href="https://disclosure.skrin.ru/disclosure/5261064047/?DTI=2" target="_blank">https://disclosure.skrin.ru/disclosure/5261064047/?DTI=2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Nizhniy Novgorod Scientific Research Institute for Radio Engineering". Aviation Week. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-09-28. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091425/http://links.aviationweek.com/Search/AWK/219271/Nizhniy-Novgorod-Scientific-Research-Institute-for-Radio-Engineering.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091425/http://links.aviationweek.com/Search/AWK/219271/Nizhniy-Novgorod-Scientific-Research-Institute-for-Radio-Engineering.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Zachepitsky, A. (2000). "VHF (Metric band) radars from Nizhny Novgorod Research Radiotechnical Institute". IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine. 15 (6): 9–14. doi:10.1109/62.847925. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Carlo Kopp (April 2010). "Evolving technological strategy in advanced air defense systems". Joint Force Quarterly. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Miroslav Gyürösi (14 October 2013). "NNIIRT develops new dual-frequency early warning radar". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065538/http://www.janes.com/article/28401/nniirt-develops-new-dual-frequency-early-warning-radar" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065538/http://www.janes.com/article/28401/nniirt-develops-new-dual-frequency-early-warning-radar</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Carlo Kopp and Bill Sweetman. "New Russian Airpower Efforts Show Progress" Aviation Week & Space Technology, 19 June 2012. Archived July 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://aviationweek.com/awin/new-russian-airpower-efforts-show-progress" target="_blank">http://aviationweek.com/awin/new-russian-airpower-efforts-show-progress</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"NNIIRT". Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027174443/http://www.nniirt.ru/istoriya-i-sobytiya" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191027174443/http://www.nniirt.ru/istoriya-i-sobytiya</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Soviet Radars". <a href="http://users.sch.gr/dlabaditis/TH/radars/" target="_blank">http://users.sch.gr/dlabaditis/TH/radars/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"РЛС П-3А (Dumbo)". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p3a.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p3a.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Из истории выпуска РЛС П-18". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/" target="_blank">http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Из истории выпуска РЛС П-18". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/" target="_blank">http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Из истории выпуска РЛС П-18". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/" target="_blank">http://www.museums.unn.ru/nitel/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"РЛС П-14 (TALL KING)". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p18.htm". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p18.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p18.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"РЛС П-14 (TALL KING)". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"РЛС П-14 (TALL KING)". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/p14.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"РЛС 55Ж6". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/55j6.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/55j6.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"РЛС 1Л13 "НЕБО-СВ"". Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/1l13.htm" target="_blank">http://pvo.guns.ru/rtv/nitel/1l13.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Rusi Events". 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2 March 2016. <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/RUSIEVENTS/igor-sutyagin-the-opposite-of-air-power" target="_blank">https://www.slideshare.net/RUSIEVENTS/igor-sutyagin-the-opposite-of-air-power</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Основная деятельность". Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170601153302/http://www.nitel-oao.ru/page.php?page=18&navleft=0.62" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170601153302/http://www.nitel-oao.ru/page.php?page=18&navleft=0.62</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Kopp, Carlo (2007-09-10). "59N6". p. 1. <a href="http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html#mozTocId397234" target="_blank">http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-Low-Band-Radars.html#mozTocId397234</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"1L122". Archived from the original on 2017-05-20. 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Retrieved 17 December 2017. <a href="http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/34619" target="_blank">http://www.vpk-news.ru/news/34619</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"О назначении нового генерального директора | АО "ФНПЦ "ННИИРТ"". www.nniirt.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-07. <a href="https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20211125" target="_blank">https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20211125</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Открытие новой учебной аудитории | АО "ФНПЦ "ННИИРТ"". www.nniirt.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-07. <a href="https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20231108" target="_blank">https://www.nniirt.ru/press/news/20231108</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>