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Bannu Resolution
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The resolution was adopted on 21 June 1947, seven weeks before the <a href="/facts/Partition_of_British_India/c8xmUWfG">Partition of British India</a>, by <a href="/facts/Bacha_Khan/1cavt7Kr">Bacha Khan</a>, <a href="/facts/Abdul_Samad_Khan_Achakzai/CB9NWnyL">Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai</a>, the <a href="/facts/Khudai_Khidmatgars/yR30Uf8b">Khudai Khidmatgars</a>, members of the Provincial Assembly, <a href="/facts/Mirzali_Khan/oef3E2bh">Mirzali Khan</a> (Faqir of Ipi),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> and other tribal chiefs at a <a href="/facts/Loya_jirga/pw3LWsPY">loya jirga</a> held at <a href="/facts/Bannu/EqhG2Lph">Bannu</a>, in <a href="/facts/British_India/qdbjMfvI">British India</a>’s <a href="/facts/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%25E2%2580%25932010)/MgQjwt02">North-West Frontier Province</a>. </p><p>The resolution demanded that <a href="/facts/Pashtuns/qqXpHAKN">Pashtuns</a> be given a choice to have an independent state of <a href="/facts/Pashtunistan/21S46pIa">Pashtunistan</a>, composing all Pashtun territories of British India - an exemption from the British plan to award territories in British India to either Pakistan or India. </p> <h2 id="british-refusal">British refusal</h2> <p>Under Clement Attlee, the <a href="/facts/British_Raj/hBe6wvPS">British Raj</a> refused to consider the resolution's demands,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> because in July 1947, the <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom/7bFbPI9g">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> passed the <a href="/facts/Indian_Independence_Act_1947/SuHGUeAu">Indian Independence Act 1947</a> declaring that by 15 August 1947 it would divide <a href="/facts/British_India/qdbjMfvI">British India</a> into the two new independent <a href="/facts/Dominion/uJGVYft4">dominions</a> of <a href="/facts/Dominion_of_India/slRebax7">India</a> and <a href="/facts/Dominion_of_Pakistan/wxKwlwEk">Pakistan</a> with no option for further independent states. </p><p>The act also declared that the fate of the North West Frontier Province would be subject to the result of <a href="/facts/Referendum/DaF49jCL">referendum</a>. This was in accord with the June 3rd Plan proposal to have a referendum to decide the future of the Northwest Frontier Province—to be voted on by the same electoral college as for the Provincial Legislative Assembly in 1946.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="1947-nwfp-referendum">1947 NWFP referendum</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/1947_North-West_Frontier_Province_referendum/ftn5sGBJ">1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum</a></p> <p>The voters voted overwhelmingly in favour of Pakistan versus India in the <a href="/facts/1947_North-West_Frontier_Province_referendum/ftn5sGBJ">NWFP Referendum</a> held in July 1947. 289,244 (99.02%) votes were cast in favour of Pakistan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bannu/EqhG2Lph">Bannu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Khudai_Khidmatgar/yR30Uf8b">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pashtunistan/21S46pIa">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pashtun_nationalism/SppP7epH">Pashtun nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Durand_Line/LMyb6sjT">Durand Line</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Meyer, Karl E. (5 August 2008). The Dust of Empire: The Race For Mastery In The Asian Heartland – Karl E. Meyer – Google Boeken. PublicAffairs. ISBN 9780786724819. Retrieved 10 July 2013. <a href="9780786724819" target="_blank">9780786724819</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Was Jinnah democratic? — II". Daily Times. December 25, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2019. <a href="https://dailytimes.com.pk/110699/was-jinnah-democratic-ii/" target="_blank">https://dailytimes.com.pk/110699/was-jinnah-democratic-ii/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Past in Perspective". The Nation. August 25, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019. <a href="https://nation.com.pk/25-Aug-2019/past-in-perspective" target="_blank">https://nation.com.pk/25-Aug-2019/past-in-perspective</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Ali Shah, Sayyid Vaqar (1993). Marwat, Fazal-ur-Rahim Khan (ed.). Afghanistan and the Frontier. University of Michigan: Emjay Books International. p. 256. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c05uAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=c05uAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>H Johnson, Thomas; Zellen, Barry (2014). Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency. Stanford University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9780804789219. <a href="9780804789219" target="_blank">9780804789219</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>The Pearson Indian History Manual for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Pearson Education. p. 65. ISBN 978-81-317-1753-0. <a href="978-81-317-1753-0" target="_blank">978-81-317-1753-0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Electoral History of NWFP (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 August 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130810052331/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/1159S-3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130810052331/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/Chapters/1159S-3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Brecher, Michael (2017-07-25). A Century of Crisis and Conflict in the International System: Theory and Evidence: Intellectual Odyssey III. Springer. ISBN 9783319571560. Retrieved 25 July 2017. <a href="9783319571560" target="_blank">9783319571560</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>