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Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire
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<h2 id="imperial-coat-of-arms">Imperial coat of arms</h2> <h3>Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors</h3> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/Reichsadler/ocoIFtht">Reichsadler</a></p> <p>The <i>Reichsadler</i> ("Imperial Eagle") was the <a href="/facts/Eagle_(heraldry)/UQWjJP15">heraldic eagle</a>, derived from the <a href="/facts/Aquila_(Roman)/moa4eh3B">Roman eagle standard</a>, used by the <a href="/facts/Holy_Roman_Emperors/RYrqYynl">Holy Roman Emperors</a> and in modern <a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany/TT3WqmSe">coats of arms of Germany</a>, including those of the Second <a href="/facts/German_Empire/lwQutJyN">German Empire</a> (1871–1918), the <a href="/facts/Weimar_Republic/LYYS66ad">Weimar Republic</a> (1919–1933) and the "<a href="/facts/Third_Reich/8kRbqRpo">Third Reich</a>" (Nazi Germany, 1933–1945). The same design has remained in use by the <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Federal Republic of Germany</a> since 1945, but under a different name, now called <i>Bundesadler</i> ("Union Eagle" or "Federal Eagle", from German "Bund", genitive form "Bund<i>es</i>" meaning 'Union' or 'Federation', and "Adler" meaning 'Eagle'). </p> <h3>Quaternion Eagle</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Quaternion_Eagle/YGD10xIC">Quaternion Eagle</a></p> <p>One rendition of the coat of the empire was the "Quaternion Eagle" (so named after the <i><a href="/facts/Imperial_quaternions/xQbWe60B">imperial quaternions</a></i>) printed by David de Negker of <a href="/facts/Augsburg/5aceyku1">Augsburg</a>, after a 1510 woodcut by <a href="/facts/Hans_Burgkmair/wEwrD1lD">Hans Burgkmair</a>. It showed a selection of 56 shields of various <a href="/facts/Imperial_State/xQbWe60B">Imperial States</a> in groups of four on the feathers of a <a href="/facts/Double-headed_eagle/yGVEuNTm">double-headed eagle</a> supporting, in place of a shield, <a href="/facts/Christ/Hcd9hEzI">Christ</a> on the <a href="/facts/Christian_cross/Vo1lEvfP">Cross</a>. The top, larger shields, are those of the seven <a href="/facts/Prince_Elector/W6rHIgAB">Prince Electors</a>, the ecclesiastical: <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Trier/YME3ctew">Trier</a>, <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Cologne/IV0QjWJ5">Cologne</a> and <a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Mainz/mWeujEuR">Mainz</a> as well as of the titular "<a href="/facts/Praefectus_urbi/8pqLUX2Y">Prefect of Rome</a>" on the right wing; the secular: <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>, <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Saxony/QEt6bMrs">Saxony</a> and <a href="/facts/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg/jBsLYxY0">Brandenburg</a> on the left. The depiction also appeared on the <a href="/facts/Imperial_Eagle_beaker/xV4GylXs">Imperial Eagle beaker</a>. </p> <h2 id="holy-roman-emperors">Holy Roman Emperors</h2> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/List_of_Holy_Roman_Emperors/RYrqYynl">List of Holy Roman Emperors</a> and <a href="/facts/List_of_German_monarchs/g7Bg93Cv">List of German monarchs</a></p> <p>Direct attestations of imperial coats of arms become available in the later 13th century. Past emperors are given <a href="/facts/Attributed_arms/r1NLF10H">attributed arms</a> in 13th-century sources. Thus, <a href="/facts/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/FjPSWUfP">Otto IV</a> is given the first known depiction of a <a href="/facts/Double-headed_eagle/yGVEuNTm">double-headed</a> <i>Reichsadler</i> in the <i><a href="/facts/Chronica_Majora/GD9BlhgY">Chronica Majora</a></i> (c. 1250). <a href="/facts/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/H9aCwRAy">Henry VI</a> is given a (single-headed) <i>Reichsadler</i> in the <a href="/facts/Codex_Manesse/mwz80mqn">Codex Manesse</a> (c. 1320). </p><p><a href="/facts/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/bRH1VNPd">Frederick II of Hohenstaufen</a> (Emperor 1220–1250) did not use coats of arms in any of his seals. He did use the <a href="/facts/Imperial_eagle/UQWjJP15">imperial eagle</a> on some of his coins, but not displayed as a heraldic charge in a heraldic shield. Frederick's son and co-ruler <a href="/facts/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany/TSRFWfXF">Henry</a> did have an <a href="/facts/Equestrian_seal/jJr1R9zM">equestrian seal</a> with the <a href="/facts/Hohenstaufen/zcy1ntA6">Hohenstaufen</a> coat of arms of three leopards, and this coat of arms is later attributed to Frederick II as well. </p><p>From the reign of <a href="/facts/Albert_II_of_Germany/Dt1nfMsm">Albert II</a> (reigned 1438–39, was never crowned emperor), each <a href="/facts/Holy_Roman_Emperor/RYrqYynl">Emperor</a> bore the old Imperial arms (<i>Or, an eagle displayed sable beaked and membered gules</i>) with an <a href="/facts/Inescutcheon/3SuIloAf">inescutcheon of pretence</a> of his personal family arms. This appears therefore as a black eagle with an escutcheon on his breast. Before 1438 the Emperors used separate personal and an imperial <a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms/PcwQ5lH8">coat of arms</a>. The arms of the <a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">High Offices of the Empire</a> were borne as an <a href="/facts/Augmentation_of_Honour/Nvkz67wF">augmentation</a> to the office-holder's personal arms. </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Personal arms</td><td>Imperial arms</td><td>Name/Blazon of personal arms</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1308–1313 : <a href="/facts/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4F3rnq5E">Henry VII of Luxembourg</a> (1275 † 1313), crowned in 1312</li></ul><p><i>Barry of ten argent and azure, a lion rampant gules crowned or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1314–1347 : <a href="/facts/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/TewDnemV">Louis IV of Bavaria</a> (1286 † 1347), crowned in 1328</li></ul><p><i>Fusilly bendwise argent and azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1348–1378 : <a href="/facts/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/9FwIYvPc">Charles IV of Luxembourg</a> (1316 † 1378), crowned in 1355</li></ul><p><i>Gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1411–1437 : <a href="/facts/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/loG9hn3o">Sigismund of Luxembourg</a> (1368 † 1437), crowned in 1433</li></ul><p><i>Per pale, dexter barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); sinister gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1440–1493 : <a href="/facts/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/de0dgy6d">Frederick III of Habsburg </a> (1415 † 1493), crowned in 1452</li></ul><p><i>Gules a fess argent</i> (<a href="/facts/Babenberg/aTmf41CE">Babenberg</a>, adopted by <a href="/facts/Rudolf_I_of_Germany/Y8VpNYaF">Rudolph I</a> (d.1291), King of Germany, of the House of Habsburg, having obtained the former Babenberg Duchies of Austria and Styria, in lieu of his paternal arms (<i>Or, a lion rampant gules crowned armed and langued azure</i>).</p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1493–1519 : <a href="/facts/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4f8SjFsX">Maximilian I of Habsburg</a> (1459 † 1519), crowned in 1508</li></ul><p><i>Per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>); sinister bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for his wife Mary <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Duchess of Burgundy</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1519–1556 : <a href="/facts/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/QdqkWAeq">Charles V of Habsburg</a> (1500 † 1558), crowned in 1519</li></ul><p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms_of_Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/gRlFkwHt">Coat of arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a></p><p><i>Quarterly: I and IV grand-quarterly i and iv great-grand-quarterly 1 and 4 gules a three towered castle Or masoned sable and ajouré azure (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Castile</a>), 2 and 3 argent a lion rampant purpure crowned Or langued and armed gules (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n/JC6aX6Kf">Leon</a>), ii per pale, dexter per fess, in chief Or four pallets gules (for <a href="/facts/Crown_of_Aragon/sGEyzVrH">Aragon</a>), in base gules a cross, saltire, and orle of chains linked together Or and a centre point vert (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Navarre/vL3UGYE3">Navarre</a>), sinister argent a cross potent and four crosslets Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem/xaUe9BQr">Jerusalem</a>) impaling barry of eight gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>), iii per pale, dexter per fess, in chief Or four pallets gules (for <a href="/facts/Crown_of_Aragon/sGEyzVrH">Aragon</a>), in base gules a cross, saltire, and orle of chains linked together Or and a centre point vert (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Navarre/vL3UGYE3">Navarre</a>), sinister per saltire, 1 and 4 Or four pallets gules, 2 and 3 argent an eagle displayed sable (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Sicily/AuymVu1X">Sicily</a>); II and III grand-quarterly, i gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), ii azure semy-de-lis Or a bordure <a href="/facts/Compone/YEPMbqM0">compony</a> argent and gules (new <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>), iii bendy of six Or and azure a bordure gules (old <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>), iv sable a lion rampant Or langued and armed gules (for <a href="/facts/Dukes_of_Brabant/DpId966z">Brabant</a>), overall at the fess point of the quarter an inescutcheon Or a lion rampant sable armed and langued gules (for <a href="/facts/Counts_of_Flanders/6FrH2WSB">Flanders</a>) impaling argent an eagle displayed gules, armed, beaked, and langued Or (for <a href="/facts/County_of_Tyrol/1XWR7rbz">Tyrol</a>); enté en point argent a pomegranate proper seeded gules, supported, sculpted and slipped vert (for <a href="/facts/Granada/S9BNeGR8">Granada</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1558–1564 : <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4mMFlXNV">Ferdinand I of Habsburg</a> (1503 † 1564), Emperor</li><li>1554–1576 : <a href="/facts/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/vdwubGGd">Maximilian II of Habsburg</a> (1527 † 1576), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I and IV gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); II and III barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); overall and inescutcheon per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), sinister bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1576–1611 : <a href="/facts/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/XoKJsYAd">Rudolf II of Habsburg</a> (1552 † 1612), Emperor</li><li>1612–1619 : <a href="/facts/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/8Bg0c2Fb">Matthias of Habsburg</a> (1557 † 1619), Emperor</li><li>1619–1637 : <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/AmQV0oob">Ferdinand II of Habsburg</a> (1578 † 1637), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); II barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); III per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), sinister bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>); IV grand-quarterly i and iv gules a three-towered castle Or ajouré azure (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Castile</a>), ii and iii argent a lion rampant purpure armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n/JC6aX6Kf">Leon</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1637–1657 : <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/5eb4fQuX">Ferdinand III of Habsburg</a> (1608 † 1657), Emperor</li><li>1653–1654 : <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_IV_of_Hungary/G8WGlf1P">Ferdinand IV of Habsburg</a> (1633 † 1654)</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); II barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); III grand-quarterly, i and iv gules a three-towered castle Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Castile</a>), ii and iii argent a lion rampant purpure armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n/JC6aX6Kf">Leon</a>); IV per pale, dexter bendy of six Or and azure a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>), sinister per fess, chief argent an eagle displayed gules armed, langued, and beaked Or (for <a href="/facts/County_of_Tyrol/1XWR7rbz">Tyrol</a>), and base Or a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules (for <a href="/facts/Counts_of_Flanders/6FrH2WSB">Flanders</a>); overall an inescutcheon gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1657–1705 : <a href="/facts/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/4Nm0Ix63">Leopold I of Habsburg</a> (1640 † 1705), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); II gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); III per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), sinister bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>); IV grand-quarterly i and iv gules a three-towered castle Or ajouré azure (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Castile</a>), ii and iii argent a lion rampant purpure armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n/JC6aX6Kf">Leon</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1705–1711 : <a href="/facts/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/GEY4qPw7">Joseph I of Habsburg</a> (1678 † 1711), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I and IV gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); II and III barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); overall and inescutcheon per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), sinister bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1711-1740 : <a href="/facts/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/DLG9Jlda">Charles VI of Habsburg</a> (1685 † 1740), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I gules a three-towered castle Or masoned sable and ajouré azure (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Castile/eA28464s">Castile</a>); II barry of eight, gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); III per pale, dexter Or four pallets gules (for <a href="/facts/Crown_of_Aragon/sGEyzVrH">Aragon</a>), sinister per saltire i and iv Or four pallets gules, ii and iii argent an eagle displayed sable (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Sicily/AuymVu1X">Sicily</a>); IV per pale, dexter gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>), sinister bendy of six Or and azure a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>); overall an inescutcheon gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1742-1745 : <a href="/facts/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/S2fDjES0">Charles VII of Bavaria</a> (1697 † 1745), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I and IV fusilly bendwise argent and azure (for <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>); II and III sable a lion rampant Or, armed, langued, and crowned gules (for the <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>); overall an inescutcheon gules an orb Or (for Arch-Steward of the Holy Roman Empire).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1745-1765 : <a href="/facts/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/CepQk493">Francis I of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> (1708 † 1765), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I barry of eight gules and argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>) impaling azure semy-de-lis Or a label gules (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Naples/9NtrlFp7">Naples</a>); II argent a cross potent and four crosslets Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem/xaUe9BQr">Jerusalem</a>) impaling Or four pallets gules (for <a href="/facts/Crown_of_Aragon/sGEyzVrH">Aragon</a>); III azure semy-de-lis Or a bordure gules (for the <a href="/facts/House_of_Valois-Anjou/X8eBnLML">House of Valois-Anjou</a>) impaling azure a lion sinister rampant Or, armed, langued, and crowned gules (for <a href="/facts/Guelders/BGI15kjQ">Guelders</a>); IV Or a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules (for <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich/RY3B5j68">Jülich</a>) impaling azure crusilly fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or (for <a href="/facts/Counts_and_Dukes_of_Bar/KD0SRYWP">Bar</a>); overall an inescutcheon Or a bend gules three alerions argent (for <a href="/facts/Lorraine_(province)/5paE5VBE">Lorraine</a>) impaling Or, in annulo six torteaux, the torteau in chief replaced by a <a href="/facts/Roundel_(heraldry)/luoaQaTU">roundel</a> azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or (for the <a href="/facts/Medici/HjG9REhl">Medici</a> family).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1765-1790 : <a href="/facts/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/cvj6srA1">Joseph II of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> (1741 † 1790), Emperor</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I barry of eight, gules and argent, impaling gules a patriarchal cross argent on a trimount vert (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); II gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); III bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>); IV Or, in annulo six torteaux, the torteau in chief replaced by a roundel azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or (for the <a href="/facts/Medici/HjG9REhl">Medici</a> family); overall and inescutcheon gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>) impaling Or a bend gules three alerions argent (for <a href="/facts/Lorraine_(province)/5paE5VBE">Lorraine</a>).</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td><ul><li>1790-1792 : <a href="/facts/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/17Bx3DIN">Leopold II of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> (1747 † 1792), King of Bohemia and Hungary, Emperor</li><li>1792-1804 : <a href="/facts/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor/P3trV5zq">Francis II of Habsburg-Lorraine</a> (1768 † 1835), King of Bohemia and Hungary, Emperor of the Germans, Emperor of Austria</li></ul><p><i>Quarterly, I barry of eight, gules and argent, impaling gules a patriarchal cross argent on a tri-mount vert (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); II gules a lion rampant argent, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a>); III bendy of six Or and azure, a bordure gules (for <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Burgundy/enrAQhQb">Burgundy</a>); IV azure crusilly fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or (for <a href="/facts/Counts_and_Dukes_of_Bar/KD0SRYWP">Bar</a>); overall an inescutcheon per pale, dexter Or a bend gules three alerions argent (for <a href="/facts/Lorraine_(province)/5paE5VBE">Lorraine</a>), sinister Or, in annulo six torteaux, the torteau in chief replaced by a roundel azure charged with three fleurs-de-lis Or (for the <a href="/facts/Medici/HjG9REhl">Medici</a> family), overall on a pale gules a fess argent (for <a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Austria</a>).</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="high-offices-reichserzmter">High offices (<i>Reichserzämter</i>)</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Arms</th><th scope="col">Office and <a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></th></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Arch-Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire</a><ul><li><i><a href="/facts/Azure_(heraldry)/spAR6lPj">Azure</a> a <a href="/facts/Sceptre/SnEUL8IG">sceptre</a> <a href="/facts/Or_(heraldry)/3vJ4mtNn">Or</a>.</i></li><li><i>Azure two sceptres in <a href="/facts/Saltire/5kG0mdDF">saltire</a> Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Arch-Steward of the Holy Roman Empire</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">Gules</a>, an <a href="/facts/Globus_cruciger/zNzqpDwX">orb</a> <a href="/facts/Or_(heraldry)/3vJ4mtNn">Or</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Arch-Treasurer of the Holy Roman Empire</a><p><i>Gules, the <a href="/facts/Imperial_Crown_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire/pxlsqhYP">imperial crown</a> <a href="/facts/Tincture_(heraldry)/lUQExqcq">proper</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Arch-Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Division_of_the_field/PBLqqCcB">Per fess</a> <a href="/facts/Sable_(heraldry)/7NPCp0pK">sable</a> and <a href="/facts/Argent/D4sIwtpg">argent</a>, two swords in saltire <a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">gules</a>.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="prince-electors">Prince-electors</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Prince-elector</a></p> <p>The seven Electors named in the <a href="/facts/Golden_Bull_of_1356/XlqsxETX">Golden Bull of 1356</a> were: the Prince-Bishops of <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Cologne/IV0QjWJ5">Cologne</a>, <a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Mainz/mWeujEuR">Mainz</a> and <a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Trier/JVm4CUQV">Trier</a>, the <a href="/facts/King_of_Bohemia/aprTkoTY">King of Bohemia</a>, the <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Count Palatine of the Rhine</a>, the <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Saxony/JTQt6yHn">Duke of Saxony</a> and the <a href="/facts/Margrave_of_Brandenburg/TLg0Lh7y">Margrave of Brandenburg</a>. </p><p>The Count Palatine was replaced by the <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Bavaria/NPUF3QJL">Duke of Bavaria</a> in 1623, as the Elector Palatine, Frederick V, came under the <a href="/facts/Imperial_ban/2GNdeY3y">imperial ban</a> after participating in the <a href="/facts/Bohemian_Revolt/8gKzbvU4">Bohemian Revolt</a>. The Count Palatine was granted a new electorate in 1648. Saxony was held by a Protestant elector from 1525 (<a href="/facts/John,_Elector_of_Saxony/WPBk51tX">John</a>), the Palatinate from 1541 (<a href="/facts/Otto_Henry,_Elector_Palatine/j7mxvqee">Otto Henry</a>). In 1685, a Catholic branch of the Wittelsbach family inherited the Palatinate and a new Protestant electorate was created in 1692 for the <a href="/facts/Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg/jw8bBQdI">Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a>, who became known as the Elector of Hanover (officially confirmed by the <a href="/facts/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)/hH5SclMv">Imperial Diet</a> in 1708). The Elector of Saxony (<a href="/facts/Augustus_II_the_Strong/Ij1sXp99">Augustus II</a>) converted to Catholicism in 1697 so that he could become King of Poland, but no additional Protestant electors were created, and the Electorate itself remained officially Protestant. </p> <h3>Spiritual Electors</h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Electorate/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Cologne/IV0QjWJ5">Cologne</a><p><i>Argent a <a href="/facts/Cross/a3W7gkFH">cross</a> sable.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Mainz/mWeujEuR">Mainz</a><p><i>Gules, a <a href="/facts/Wheel_of_Mainz/TYRddCJm">wheel</a> with six spokes argent.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Trier/JVm4CUQV">Trier</a><p><i>Argent a cross gules.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Secular Electors</h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Electorate/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Bohemia</a><p><i>Gules a <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">lion</a> <a href="/facts/Attitude_(heraldry)/CtYVtDPQ">rampant</a> argent, <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">queue fourchée</a> crossed in saltire, <a href="/facts/Charge_(heraldry)/1cJGHy4H">armed, langued</a>, and crowned Or.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Electorate of the Palatinate</a> (suspended 1623–1648)<ul><li>Before 1623: <i>Sable a lion rampant Or crowned gules.</i></li><li>From 1648 (<a href="/facts/Charles_I_Louis,_Elector_Palatine/QLlXQc6V">Charles I Louis</a>): <i>Quarterly, I and IV fusilly bendwise argent and azure (for <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>); II and III sable a lion rampant Or, armed, langued, and crowned gules.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg/jBsLYxY0">Brandenburg</a><p><i>Argent an eagle <a href="/facts/Charge_(heraldry)/1cJGHy4H">displayed</a> gules crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Saxony/QEt6bMrs">Saxony</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">Barry</a> sable and Or, a crancelin rampant <a href="/facts/Vert_(heraldry)/4ew85cw4">vert</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duke_of_Bavaria/NPUF3QJL">Bavaria</a> (from 1623)<p><i><a href="/facts/Lozenge_(heraldry)/xVQdajUJ">Fusilly</a> <a href="/facts/Bend_(heraldry)/eI8fbj0J">bendwise</a> argent and azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Hanover/ljnnycSh">Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> (Hanover) (from 1692)<p><i>Per pale, I Gules two <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">lions</a> <a href="/facts/Attitude_(heraldry)/CtYVtDPQ">passant guardant</a> Or (for <a href="/facts/Braunschweig/qv0TQYzz">Brunswick</a>), II Or a semy of hearts Gules a lion rampant Azure (for <a href="/facts/L%C3%BCneburg/6UAlXTYf">Lüneburg</a>).</i></p><ul><li>After 1714: Laid on <a href="/facts/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom/RBDDxmT3">Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom</a>.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="other-states">Other states</h2> <p class="note">Further information: <a href="/facts/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire/yNgV4zlK">List of states in the Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/facts/List_of_Free_Imperial_Cities/tyeCVnbB">List of Free Imperial Cities</a>, and <a href="/facts/List_of_Imperial_abbeys/g80S34W0">List of Imperial abbeys</a></p> <p>Entries are listed by <a href="/facts/Imperial_Circle/GMjtW4hP">Imperial Circle</a> (introduced 1500, 1512) even for territories that ceased to exist prior to 1500. </p> <h3><a href="/facts/Austrian_Circle/oc5gq002">Austrian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archduchy_of_Austria/WpHKUa55">Archduchy of Austria</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">Gules</a> a <a href="/facts/Fess/PgqFDRS0">fess</a> <a href="/facts/Argent/D4sIwtpg">Argent</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Carinthia/DAWeLaGR">Duchy of Carinthia</a><p><i>Or three <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">lions</a> passant Sable armed and langued Gules <a href="/facts/Impalement_(heraldry)/3b70wY3M">impaling</a> Gules a fess Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Carniola/xU82jIXF">Duchy of Carniola</a><p><i>Argent an eagle displayed <a href="/facts/Azure_(heraldry)/spAR6lPj">Azure</a>, crowned of the Imperial Crown Proper, armed, beaked, and langued Gules, charged with a <a href="/facts/Crescent/H9oQTpVm">crescent</a> <a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">chequy</a> Gules and Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Patria_del_Friuli/PPygQ6q9">Patria del Friuli</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Azure_(heraldry)/spAR6lPj">Azure</a> an eagle displayed Or, armed, langued and beaked Gules, the wings charged with a trefoil Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Styria/R3d2D6qD">Duchy of Styria</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Vert_(heraldry)/4ew85cw4">Vert</a>, a panther rampant Argent incensed proper.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Tyrol/1XWR7rbz">County of Tyrol</a><p><i>Argent an eagle displayed Gules, armed, beaked, and langued Or, the wings charged with a trefoil Or.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Bavarian_Circle/TXfF43pU">Bavarian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a><ul><li>Simple form: <i><a href="/facts/Fusily/xVQdajUJ">Fusily</a> bendwise, Azure and <a href="/facts/Argent/D4sIwtpg">Argent</a>.</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Prince-elector/W6rHIgAB">Electorate</a>, from 1753: <i><a href="/facts/Division_of_the_field/PBLqqCcB">Quarterly</a>: fusily bendwise Azure and Argent; and <a href="/facts/Sable_(heraldry)/7NPCp0pK">Sable</a>, a <a href="/facts/Lion_rampant/2a7KVbmD">lion rampant</a> <a href="/facts/Or_(heraldry)/3vJ4mtNn">Or</a>, armed and langued <a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">Gules</a> (for the <a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>); overall an <a href="/facts/Escutcheon_(heraldry)/3SuIloAf">inescutcheon</a>: Gules, an <a href="/facts/Globus_cruciger/zNzqpDwX">orb</a> Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Haag_in_Oberbayern/9lQITlP8">Haag</a><p><i>Gules, a horse <a href="/facts/Charge_(heraldry)/1cJGHy4H">springing</a> Argent, bridled Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Leuchtenberg/RmPfuH0p">Leuchtenberg</a><p><i>Quarterly: I and IV Gules, an <a href="/facts/Oak/1NJJzkzB">oak</a> branch with <a href="/facts/Acorn/zvf2emQr">acorns</a> Or; II and III Or, a <a href="/facts/Hops/mBRf6xGx">hops</a> branch <a href="/facts/Vert_(heraldry)/4ew85cw4">Vert</a>; an inescutcheon argent a fess Azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Imperial_County_of_Ortenburg/ekR5Qbnq">Ortenburg</a><p><i>Gules, a bend <a href="/facts/Line_(heraldry)/I5kf3wx8">embattled-counter-embattled</a> Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Passau/G1Lp5pHW">Prince-bishopric of Passau</a><p><i>Argent a wolf rampant Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Bishopric_of_Regensburg/eusuKNv5">Prince-bishopric of Regensburg</a><p><i>Gules, two keys in <a href="/facts/Saltire/5kG0mdDF">saltire</a> argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archbishop_of_Salzburg/wfQd0gXu">Prince-archbishopric of Salzburg</a><p><i>Party per pale: Or a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules; and Gules a fess Argent.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Burgundian_Circle/BFW8lEEV">Burgundian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/List_of_counts_of_Burgundy/dBhbVxQa">County of Burgundy</a><ul><li>Before 1280: <i>Gules an eagle displayed argent.</i></li><li>After 1280: <i>Azure <a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">billetty</a> Or a lion rampant crowned Or, armed and langued Gules.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Dukes_of_Brabant/DpId966z">Brabant</a><ul><li>Before 1288: <i>Sable a lion rampant Or, armed and langued Gules.</i></li><li>From 1288 to 1406: <i><a href="/facts/Quartering_(heraldry)/eaX0afYQ">Quarterly</a>, I and IV Sable a lion rampant Or, armed and langued Gules; II and III Argent a lion rampant Gules, <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">queue fourchée</a>, armed and langued Or.</i></li><li>From 1406 to 1430: <i>Quarterly, I and IV Azure three <a href="/facts/Fleur-de-lis/3olU4IEg">fleur-de-lis</a> Or, a <a href="/facts/Bordure/vMPtH1zX">bordure</a> <a href="/facts/Compone/YEPMbqM0">compony</a> Argent and Gules; II Sable a lion rampant Or, armed and langued Gules; III Argent a lion rampant Gules, queue fourchée, armed and langued Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Counts_of_Flanders/6FrH2WSB">Flanders</a><p><i>Or a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Guelders/BGI15kjQ">Guelders</a><ul><li>Before 1236: <i>Or three cinquefoils Gules.</i></li><li>From 1236 to 1276: <i>Azure billetty Or a lion rampant Or.</i></li><li>From 1276 to 1378: <i>Azure a lion rampant Or, queue fourchée, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or.</i></li><li>After 1378: <i>Azure a lion sinister rampant Or, queue fourchée, armed and langued Gules, crowned Or, impaling Or a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Counts_of_Hainaut/phJTqg42">County of Hainaut</a><ul><li>Before 1299: <i><a href="/facts/Chevron_(insignia)/gl7MaJsS">Chevronny</a> Or and Sable.</i></li><li>From 1299 to 1254: <i>Quarterly, I and IV Or a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules; II and III Or a lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azure.</i></li><li>From 1254 to 1433: <i>Quarterly, I and IV fusilly bendwise Argent and Azure; II and III grand-quarterly I and IV Or a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules; II and III Or a lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azure.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Count_of_Holland/DfGJ0AqW">Holland</a><p><i>Or a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Dukes_of_Limburg/CWXdAfmn">Duchy of Limburg</a><ul><li>Before 1214: <i>Argent a lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Or.</i></li><li>After 1214: <i>Argent a lion rampant Gules, queue fourchée, armed, langued, and crowned Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Loon/eJtWBLIY">County of Loon</a> (County of <a href="/facts/Chiny/dx73f6kx">Chiny</a>)<ul><li>Counts of Loon: <i><a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">Barry</a> of ten, Or and Gules.</i></li><li>Counts of Chiny: <i>Gules <a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">crusily</a> <a href="/facts/Cross/a3W7gkFH">fitchy</a>, two barbels haurient addorsed Or.</i></li><li>Counts of Loon and Chiny: <i>Barry of ten Or and Gules, impaling Gules crusily fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or.</i></li><li>Counts of Loon and Chiny of the Heinsberg dynasty: <i>Quarterly, I and IV Gules a lion rampant Argent, queue fourchée crossed in <a href="/facts/Saltire/5kG0mdDF">saltire</a>; II and III barry of ten Or and Gules impaling Gules crusily fitchy two barbels haurient addorsed Or.</i></li><li>Counts of Loon and Chiny of the Montferrat-Oreye dynasty: <i>Quarterly, I and IV Argent a lion rampant sable; II and III barry of ten Or and Gules impaling Gules crusily fitchy two barbels haurient addorsed Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Counts,_Dukes_and_Grand_Dukes_of_Luxembourg/DR4QMzXt">Duchy of Luxembourg</a><ul><li>Until 1282 and after 1288: <i>Barry of ten Argent and Azure, a lion rampant Gules, armed, langued, and crowned Or.</i></li><li>From 1282 to 1288: <i>Barry of ten Argent and Azure, a lion rampant queue fourchée crossed in saltire gules, armed, langued, and crowned Or.</i></li></ul><p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms_of_Luxembourg/3BGlgrEA">Coat of arms of Luxembourg</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Marquis_of_Namur/GQeFdhhV">County of Namur</a><p><i>Or, a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules, a <a href="/facts/Bend_(heraldry)/eI8fbj0J">bend</a> overall of the same.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Franconian_Circle/MD3JvI2n">Franconian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Bishopric_of_Bamberg/5nszdvwy">Prince-bishopric of Bamberg</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Or_(heraldry)/3vJ4mtNn">Or</a>, a <a href="/facts/Lion_(heraldry)/2a7KVbmD">lion</a> <a href="/facts/Rampant/CtYVtDPQ">rampant</a> Sable armed and langued <a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">Gules</a>, overall a <a href="/facts/Bend_(heraldry)/eI8fbj0J">bendlet</a> <a href="/facts/Argent/D4sIwtpg">Argent</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Castell/PdscU2WF">County of Castell</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Division_of_the_field/PBLqqCcB">Quarterly</a>, Argent and Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Erbach_im_Odenwald/e9Hs1EBz">County of Erbach</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Division_of_the_field/PBLqqCcB">Party per fess</a> Gules and Argent, three mullets of six counterchanged.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Hohenlohe/p1ze9Ml5">County of Hohenlohe</a><p><i>Argent, two lions passant guardant coward Sable, langued Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim/7xFnJeqY">County of Löwenstein-Wertheim</a><p><i>Party per fess: <a href="/facts/Fusily/xVQdajUJ">fusily</a> Argent and <a href="/facts/Azure_(heraldry)/spAR6lPj">Azure</a>; and Or, a lion statant Gules, atop a mount Azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Nuremberg/Bht6TsP4">City of Nuremberg</a><p><i>Or, a <a href="/facts/Double-headed_eagle/yGVEuNTm">double-headed eagle</a> Sable, armed and beaked Or, langued Gules, <a href="/facts/Dimidiation/q9NWj4jj">dimidiating</a> <a href="/facts/Variations_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">bendy</a> Gules and Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Rieneck/TzW0oJbY">County of Rieneck</a><p><i>Quarterly: chevrony Or and Gules; and barry Or and Gules; overall a <a href="/facts/Wheel_of_Mainz/TYRddCJm">Wheel of Mainz</a> Proper.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber/4SgFP8EM">Rothenburg ob der Tauber</a><p><i>Argent, a double-towered castle Gules.</i> </p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/House_of_Schwarzenberg/nyok3HW4">Schwarzenberg</a><p><i>Quarterly: paley Azure and Argent; and Or, a <a href="/facts/Raven/RMSymMox">raven</a> collared Or pecking the eye out of a <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Turk's head</a> couped at the neck Proper.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Schweinfurt/wGUT02pU">Schweinfurt</a><p><i>Azure an <a href="/facts/Eagle_(heraldry)/UQWjJP15">eagle</a> displayed Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Seinsheim/JLCLTtx0">Seinsheim</a><p><i>Argent, three pallets azure, overall a bend sinister wavy Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_im_Nordgau/7zt31Ya7">Weißenburg im Nordgau</a><p><i>Gules, a two-towered castle portcullised Argent, with an <a href="/facts/Escutcheon_(heraldry)/3SuIloAf">escutcheon</a> of Or, a double-headed eagle sable at the honour point.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Welzheim/uSQ3FbBk">Welzheim</a><p><i>Argent, a pine tree on a mount <a href="/facts/Vert_(heraldry)/4ew85cw4">Vert</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Wertheim/nBQsH0Lw">County of Wertheim</a><p><i>Party per fess: Or, a demi-eagle displayed Sable, langued and beaked Gules; and Azure three <a href="/facts/Rose_(heraldry)/63bUtnrJ">roses</a> Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Wiesentheid/JKVRSesX">Wiesentheid</a><p><i>Gules, a lion passant sinister crowned Or on a mount Vert; issuant from base three stems of grass surtout Proper.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Windsheim/VljsCADq">Windsheim</a><p><i>Argent, an eagle displayed Sable, armed and langued Or, with a <a href="/facts/W/1qRkvAb9">W</a> Or on the breast.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Bishopric_of_W%C3%BCrzburg/qh3XBAVs">Prince-bishopric of Würzburg</a><p><i>Argent a <a href="/facts/Celtic_cross/kVwjXI7z">Celtic cross</a> Sable; a chief dancetty Gules (<a href="/facts/German_language/oWaQIDA8">de</a>).</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Lower_Rhenish-Westphalian_Circle/2zUnkDYX">Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Nassau/0C3G7mF2">County of Nassau</a><p><i>Azure, <a href="/facts/Billetty/KxAEGhJ0">billetty</a> or, a lion rampant of the last armed and langued gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Cleves/87wbtIx6">Duchy of Cleves</a><ul><li>Cleves dynasty: <i>Gules, an <a href="/facts/Escutcheon_(heraldry)/3SuIloAf">escutcheon</a> Argent, overall an <a href="/facts/Carbuncle_(heraldry)/5v2pu1pI">escarbuncle</a> Or.</i></li><li>Mark dynasty: <i>Quarterly, I and IV gules an escutcheon Argent, overall an escarbuncle Or; II and III Or a fess chequy Argent and Gules.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Berg_(state)/IdhooLty">Berg</a><p><i>Argent a lion rampant Gules, queue fourchée crossed in saltire, armed, langued, and crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich/RY3B5j68">Duchy of Jülich</a><p><i>Or a lion rampant sable, armed and langued gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Prince-Bishopric_of_Li%C3%A8ge/dhHrkNh7">Prince-Bishopric of Liège</a><p><i>Quarterly: I: gules a fess argent; II: Argent, three lions rampant Vert, crowned Or, armed and langued Gules; III: Barry Gules and Or; IV: Or, three hunting horns Gules, hooped and belted Argent. Overall an inescutcheon Gules, a perron, supported by three lions, surmounted by a pineapple and a cross pattée, with the letters L to the dexter and G to the sinister, all Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Mark/jXKXJV5X">County of Mark</a><ul><li>Counts of Mark: <i>Or a fess chequy Gules and Argent.</i></li><li>Counts of Cleves and Mark: <i>Quarterly, I and IV Gules an escutcheon Argent, overall an escarbuncle Or; II and III Or a fess chequy Gules and Argent.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Ravensberg/JPAbXpen">County of Ravensberg</a><p><i>Argent three <a href="/facts/Chevron_(insignia)/gl7MaJsS">chevrons</a> Gules.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Upper_Rhenish_Circle/5W8kwztJ">Upper Rhenish Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Landgraviate_of_Hesse/TCqND7dp">Landgraviate of Hesse</a><p><i>Azure a lion rampant barry Argent and Gules, armed and crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Lorraine_(province)/5paE5VBE">Lorraine</a><ul><li>Before 1430: <i>Or a bend Gules, three alerions bendwise displayed Argent.</i></li><li>From 1430 to 1473: <i>Quarterly of six, I barry of eight Gules and Argent (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hungary/91tLqn81">Hungary</a>); II Azure semy-de-lis Or a <a href="/facts/Label_(heraldry)/JvVRnYws">label</a> Gules (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Naples/9NtrlFp7">Naples</a>); III Argent a <a href="/facts/Cross/a3W7gkFH">cross potent</a> between four crosslets Or (for <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem/xaUe9BQr">Jerusalem</a>); IV Azure semy-de-lis Or a bordure Gules (for the <a href="/facts/House_of_Valois-Anjou/X8eBnLML">House of Valois-Anjou</a>); V Azure crusilly fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or (for <a href="/facts/Counts_and_Dukes_of_Bar/KD0SRYWP">Bar</a>); VI Or a bend Gules, three alerions bendwise displayed Argent (for Lorraine); overall an <a href="/facts/Inescutcheon/3SuIloAf">inescutcheon</a> Or four <a href="/facts/Pale_(heraldry)/CyzBaSFb">pallets</a> Gules (for <a href="/facts/Crown_of_Aragon/sGEyzVrH">Aragon</a>).</i></li><li>From 1473 to 1508: <i>Quarterly: I barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Azure semy-de-lis Or a label Gules; II Argent a cross potent between four crosslets Or impaling Or four pallets Gules; III Azure semy-de-lis Or a bordure Gules; IV Azure crusilly fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or; overall an inescutcheon Or a bend Gules three alerions bendwise displayed Argent.</i></li><li>From 1538 to 1737: <i>Quarterly: I barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Azure semy-de-lis Or a label Gules; II Argent a cross potent between four crosslets Or impaling Or four pallets Gules; III Azure semy-de-lis Or a bordure Gules impaling azure a lion sinister rampant Or, armed, langued, and crowned Gules (for <a href="/facts/Guelders/BGI15kjQ">Guelders</a>); IV Or a lion rampant Sable, armed and langued Gules (for <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_J%C3%BClich/RY3B5j68">Jülich</a>) impaling azure crusilly fitchy, two barbels haurient addorsed Or; overall an inescutcheon Or a bend Gules, three alerions bendwise displayed Argent.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Savoy/ERHuGIg5">Duchy of Savoy</a><p><i>Gules a cross argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Vaud%C3%A9mont/dEuwFHBg">Vaudémont</a><ul><li>Before 1346: <i>Barry of ten, Argent and Sable.</i></li><li>From 1346 to 1386: <i>Azure three broyes fesswise Or linked Argent, in chief Argent a lion issuant Gules.</i></li><li>From 1386 to 1473: <i>Or, on a bend Gules, three alerions bendwise displayed Argent; overall a label azure.</i></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Electoral_Rhenish_Circle/2I3Je72t">Electoral Rhenish Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Arenberg/WuS65J4b">Arenberg</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Gules/yys5joGR">Gules</a>, three cinquefoils <a href="/facts/Or_(heraldry)/3vJ4mtNn">Or</a>; on a <a href="/facts/Chief_(heraldry)/rcUhINcx">chief</a> Or, three <a href="/facts/Roundel_(heraldry)/luoaQaTU">torteaux</a>.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Beilstein,_Rhineland-Palatinate/kINRuC7J">Beilstein</a><p><i>Gules, a hunting horn <a href="/facts/Argent/D4sIwtpg">argent</a>, bound Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/List_of_bishops_and_archbishops_of_Cologne/3Q70ewU3">Prince-archbishopric of Cologne</a><p><i>Argent a <a href="/facts/Cross/a3W7gkFH">cross</a> sable.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Lower_Isenburg/8JoPK3tf">Lower Isenburg</a><p><i>Argent two bars sable.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Mainz/mWeujEuR">Prince-archbishopric of Mainz</a><p><i>Gules, a wheel argent.</i> (Or: <i>Gules, the <a href="/facts/Wheel_of_Mainz/TYRddCJm">Wheel of Mainz</a> Argent.</i>)</p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate/3X00ELdL">Electorate of the Palatinate</a><ul><li>Before 1214: <i>Sable a lion rampant Or crowned Gules.</i></li><li>After 1214: <i>Quarterly, I and IV fusilly bendwise Argent and Azure (for <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>); II and III sable a lion rampant Or, armed, langued, and crowned Gules.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Thurn_und_Taxis/5mdzvE6L">Thurn und Taxis</a><p><i>Quarterly: Argent, two <a href="/facts/Sceptre/SnEUL8IG">sceptres</a> Or in <a href="/facts/Saltire/5kG0mdDF">saltire</a>, tipped with <a href="/facts/Fleur_de_lys/3olU4IEg">fleurs-de-lys</a> Or, overall a tower Gules, ajouré azure; and Or a lion Gules, crowned, armed and langued Azure; overall an inescutcheon Azure, a <a href="/facts/Badger/b7dIdTmM">badger</a> Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Archbishopric_of_Trier/JVm4CUQV">Prince-archbishopric of Trier</a><p><i>Argent a cross Gules.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Lower_Saxon_Circle/q45LDoes">Lower Saxon Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Holstein/50jUh8AK">Holstein</a><p><i>Gules, a <a href="/facts/Urtica/zqnkANfx">nettle leaf</a> Argent.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Upper_Saxon_Circle/ze0EKpym">Upper Saxon Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg/jBsLYxY0">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a><p><i>Argent an eagle <a href="/facts/Charge_(heraldry)/1cJGHy4H">displayed</a> Gules crowned with an <a href="/facts/Electoral_hat/W6rHIgAB">electoral hat</a> Proper, armed and beaked Or, langued Gules, the wings charged with a <a href="/facts/Trefoil/akKwPP2B">trefoil</a> Or, in his dexter claw grasping a sceptre Or tipped Gules thereupon an eagle displayed Argent, armed, langued, beaked and crowned Or, on his chest a torteux Gules, in his dexter claw grasping a sceptre and orb Or and in his sinister claw grasping a sword Or; and in his sinister claw graping a sword Argent hilted Or; overall and on his chest an inescutcheon Azure, a sceptre finished with a fleur-de-lys Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Pomerania/wC2hUdWP">Duchy of Pomerania</a><p><i>Quarterly of nine; I Azure a griffin segreant sinister Gules armed and beaked Or (for <a href="/facts/Pomerania-Stettin/wC2hUdWP">Pomerania-Stettin</a>); II Argent a griffin segreant Gules armed and beaked Or (for <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Pomerania/wC2hUdWP">Pomerania</a>); III Or a griffin segreant Sable armed, langued and beaked Gules (for <a href="/facts/Kashubia/ptuJ0NKx">Cassubia</a>); IV Argent a griffin segreant sinister bendy Vert and Gules (for <a href="/facts/Werle/l5jnBwxe">Wenden</a>); V Or a demi-lion Sable, crowned, langued and armed Gules issuant from a wall of bricks throughout Azure therein a chevron of bricks Gules (for <a href="/facts/Principality_of_R%C3%BCgen/rR36ddD7">Rügen</a>); VI Gules a sea-griffin segreant Argent, armed, beaked and langued Or (for <a href="/facts/Usedom/D5agJLd8">Usedom</a>); VII Gules a griffin segreant sinister Sable, armed, langued and beaked Gules, under his wings, feathers of Argent (for <a href="/facts/Pomerania-Barth/42qDyzyf">Pomerania-Barth</a>); VIII Or two <a href="/facts/Baton_(military)/VJeWvE8R">batons</a> in saltire Gules between four roses Gules barbed and seeded Or; IX a demi-griffin segreant Argent, armed, langued and beaked Or issuant from a wall of bricks alternately Azure and Or (for <a href="/facts/Pomerania-Wolgast/wC2hUdWP">Pomerania-Wolgast</a>.)</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Electorate_of_Saxony/QEt6bMrs">Duchy of Saxony</a><p><i><a href="/facts/Variation_of_the_field/KxAEGhJ0">Barry</a> Sable and Or, overall a crancelin <a href="/facts/Vert_(heraldry)/4ew85cw4">Vert</a>.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Swabian_Circle/kheQS7Hz">Swabian Circle</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Augsburg/5aceyku1">Augsburg</a><p><i>Party per pale Gules and Argent, a <a href="/facts/Chapiter/A4Dxlbdg">chapiter</a> Or thereupon a cedar cone Vert.</i> </p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Baden/UAlBLzvL">Baden</a><p><i>Or a bend Gules.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3><a href="/facts/Lands_of_the_Bohemian_Crown/2PmCp2Ao">Lands of the Bohemian Crown</a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Bohemia/xLRecLL1">Kingdom of Bohemia</a><p><i>Argent, a lion rampant queue forchée, armed, langued and crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Margraviate_of_Moravia/g1vfbqL3">Margraviate of Moravia</a><p><i>Azure an eagle displayed chequy Argent and Gules, armed, langued, beaked and crowned Or.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/G%C3%B6rlitz/dhI12d3p">Görlitz</a><p><i>Party per fess, chief gules a lion rampant Argent, armed, langued, and crowned Or; base Argent.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Lusatia/vIgfz4LX">Lusatia</a><ul><li>Lower Lusatia: <i>Argent, a bull passant reguardant Gules, horned and hooved Or.</i></li><li>Upper Lusatia: <i>Per fess embattled, Azure and Or.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/Silesia/SHDHG2MD">Silesia</a><ul><li>Upper Silesia: <i>Azure, an eagle displayed Or.</i></li><li>Lower Silesia: <i>Or, an eagle displayed Sable, armed and beaked Or and langued Gules, crowned with a <a href="/facts/Princely_hat/e7weX1PV">Princely hat</a> Proper charged on the breast with a crescent terminating issuing from the centrepoint a cross patée argent.</i></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Other</h3> <table><tbody><tr><td>Arms</td><td>Location/<a href="/facts/Blazon/dAd0BMMF">Blazon</a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/List_of_the_Counts_of_Geneva/68hpQUoX">Geneva</a> (before 1401)<p><i>Or a cross quarter-pierced Azure.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/County_of_Nice/y2AgIsV2">Nice</a> (as part of the <a href="/facts/Duchy_of_Savoy/ERHuGIg5">Duchy of Savoy</a> from 1046)<p><i>Argent, in base wavy of Azure and Argent issuing therefrom three rocks Vert thereupon an eagle displayed crowned Gules.</i></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/List_of_dukes,_kings,_counts,_and_margraves_of_Provence/TQ3HxVr7">Provence</a> (before 1481)<ul><li>Before 1245: <i>Or four pallets gules.</i></li><li>After 1245: <i>Azure semy-de-lis Or, a label gules.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Prussia/x796l7vx">Prussia</a> (after 1701)<p><i>Argent, an eagle displayed sable crowned with the Royal Crown Proper, the wings charged with a trefoil Or, in his dexter claw grasping a sceptre Or tipped Gules thereupon an eagle displayed Argent, armed, langued, beaked and crowned Or, on his chest a torteux Gules, in his dexter claw grasping a sceptre Or and in his sinister claw grasping a sword Or on his chest an R Or.</i> </p><p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms_of_Prussia/DpgPwBhN">Coat of arms of Prussia</a></p></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><a href="/facts/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order/zqMjf28h">Teutonic Knights</a> (1224–1525)<ul><li><i>Argent, a cross sable.</i></li><li><a href="/facts/Grand_Master_of_the_Teutonic_Order/c0ttMjV3">Grand Master</a>: <i>Argent, on a cross Sable a cross floretty Or and overall on an inescutcheon Or an eagle displayed sable, armed, langued and beaked Gules, the wings charged with a trefoil Gules.</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Counts_of_Albon_and_Dauphins_of_Viennois/AssJ9yLH">Viennois</a> (before 1349)<p><i>Or, a dolphin haurient azure finned Gules.</i></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Flags_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire/XQ4DTKmY">Flags of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Coat_of_arms_of_Germany/TT3WqmSe">Coat of arms of Germany</a></li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scheibler Armorial. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Bernhard Peter Monographien: Wappen der Bistümer". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Bernhard Peter Monographien: Wappen der Bistümer". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Die Wappen der Landkreise". Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117064752/http://www.landkreis-aschaffenburg.de/Landkreis16010/Wappen_der_Gemeinden16968/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071117064752/http://www.landkreis-aschaffenburg.de/Landkreis16010/Wappen_der_Gemeinden16968/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Bernhard Peter Monographien: Wappen der Bistümer". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Königreich Böhmen". Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/kuk_boehmen.htm" target="_blank">http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/kuk_boehmen.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Kultur und Geschichte". Friedelsheim in der Pfalz. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929221548/http://www.friedelsheim.de/kultur.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070929221548/http://www.friedelsheim.de/kultur.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Bernhard Peter Monographien: Wappen der Bistümer". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Kultur und Geschichte". Friedelsheim in der Pfalz. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929221548/http://www.friedelsheim.de/kultur.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070929221548/http://www.friedelsheim.de/kultur.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Bernhard Peter Monographien: Wappen der Bistümer". Archived from the original on 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-11-14. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071123080841/http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/bistuemer.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>