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Latticed heath
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>The current placement of the latticed heath in the genus <i><a href="/facts/Chiasmia/vRRCRrdJ">Chiasmia</a></i> follows from the revision by Malcolm J. Scoble (2002) of the tribe Macariini, when he showed that true <i><a href="/facts/Semiothisa/6XNcw2Yy">Semiothisa</a></i> species were restricted to the Americas. There are a number of described subspecies. Molecular work has confirmed the placement of the species within <i>Chiasmia</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="subspecies">Subspecies</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Subspecies/4L9jFacF">Subspecies</a> include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><i>Chiasmia clathrata clathrata</i> (Linné)</li> <li><i>Chiasmia clathrata centralasiae</i> (Krulikowski, 1911)</li> <li><i>Chiasmia clathrata djakonovi</i> (Kardakoff, 1928)</li> <li><i>Chiasmia clathrata kurilata</i> (Bryk, 1942)</li></ul> <h2 id="distribution-and-habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2> <p>This species can be found throughout Europe, the <a href="/facts/Near_East/gD1vyGQI">Near East</a>, <a href="/facts/North_Africa/ItxQAfs7">North Africa</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> and east through <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>, <a href="/facts/Siberia/oaCoPEjF">Siberia</a>, <a href="/facts/Amur_River/JeIkRTUg">Amur River</a>, northern <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iran</a>, <a href="/facts/Kazakhstan/Vfs8NI6e">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a>, <a href="/facts/Korea/cj2kDBzc">Korea</a> to <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> It is a fairly common species in the <a href="/facts/British_Isles/4fBquvMU">British Isles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> These moths inhabit a range of open areas, including grassland, moorland, and waste ground.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="description">Description</h2> <h3>Adult</h3> <p><i>Chiasmia clathrata</i> has a <a href="/facts/Wingspan/xsWBF9Qa">wingspan</a> of 20–25 mm.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> In this rather variable species the background colour of the wings varies from yellowish to white, with a network of brown lines (hence its common name). These lines vary in thickness and sometimes the wings are almost entirely dark brown.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h3>Larva</h3> <p>The final <a href="/facts/Instar/KRIfCFIn">instar</a> <a href="/facts/Larva/GKo2FIew">larva</a> is pale green with white lines, including a strong lateral line and thin dorsal lines along the body. Abdominal segments A1 through A5 have a strong white line across the rear end of each segment that ends just above the lateral line.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="ecology">Ecology</h2> <p>In the British Isles there are one or two generations annually, with adults seen at any time from May to September.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> These moths are diurnal<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> but they can also be observed at night where they are attracted to <a href="/facts/Ecological_light_pollution/n0hP17rm">artificial light</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Larvae feed on bedstraws (<i><a href="/facts/Galium_mollugo/rERAdecv">Galium mollugo</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Galium_verum/BJTIseJu">Galium verum</a></i>) and various <a href="/facts/Fabaceae/uxuHNdAr">legumes</a> such as clovers (<i><a href="/facts/Trifolium_medium/FxPfPGyT">Trifolium medium</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Trifolium_pratense/FPddYQmz">Trifolium pratense</a></i>), <a href="/facts/Lotus_(genus)/tyRJDdAj">trefoils</a>, lucerne (<i><a href="/facts/Medicago_sativa/Yesc424s">Medicago sativa</a></i>) <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Meadow_vetchling/25AVGtdJ">meadow vetchling</a>, primarily in June and July and from mid-August through September, though in Ireland and northern Britain larvae occur in July and August.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> The species overwinters as a <a href="/facts/Pupa/0u7NE8Cq">pupa</a>. </p> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Chinery, M., 1986. <i>Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe</i> (Reprinted 1991)</li> <li>Õunap, E., Javoiš, J., Viidalepp, J. & Tammaru, T., 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of selected European Ennominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). <i>European Journal of Entomology</i> 108: 267–273.</li> <li>Porter, J., 1997. <i>The Colour Identification Guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles</i>. Viking Press, Harmondsworth, Middlesex. xii + 275 pp. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-670-87509-0</li> <li>Skinner, B., 1984. <i>Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles</i></li> <li>Scoble, M.J. & M. Krüger, 2002. A review of the genera of Macariini with a revised classification of the tribe (Geometridae: Ennominae). <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i> 134 (3): 257–315. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1096-3642.2002.00008.x">10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00008.x</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chiasmia clathrata. <ul><li>Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili <a href="http://www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages/SemioClath.htm"><i>Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa</i></a></li> <li><a href="http://www.lepiforum.de/lepiwiki.pl?Chiasmia_Clathrata"><i>Lepiforum e.V.</i></a></li> <li>Heiner Ziegler <a href="http://www.pieris.ch/seiten/main.php?page=art&art=geo_clathrata"><i>Schmetterlinge der Schweiz</i></a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Õunap, E., Javoiš, J., Viidalepp, J. & Tammaru, T., 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of selected European Ennominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). European Journal of Entomology 108: 267-273. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Savela, Markku. "Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 31, 2019. <a href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata" target="_blank">http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Chinery, M., 1986. Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe (Reprinted 1991) <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Savela, Markku. "Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 31, 2019. <a href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata" target="_blank">http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Skinner, B., 1984. Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Fauna Europaea <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623094800/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=446292" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150623094800/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=446292</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>UKMoths <a href="http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/" target="_blank">http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>UKMoths <a href="http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/" target="_blank">http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Pasi Sihvonen and Peder Skou , 2015 In: Axel Hausmann (Hrsg.):, 2015 The Geometrid Moths of Europe. 1. Auflage. Volume 5: Ennominae I, Stenstrup 2015, 978-90-04-26573-8 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Porter, J., 1997. The Colour Identification Guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles. Viking Press, Harmondsworth, Middlesex. xii + 275 pp. ISBN 0-670-87509-0 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Kimmo Silvonen Larvae of North-European Lepidoptera <a href="http://www.kolumbus.fi/silvonen/lnel/g1/semclath.htm" target="_blank">http://www.kolumbus.fi/silvonen/lnel/g1/semclath.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Skinner, B., 1984. Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Alanen, E.-L., Hyvönen, T., Lindgren, S., Härmä, O. and Kuussaari, M. (2011), Differential responses of bumblebees and diurnal Lepidoptera to vegetation succession in long-term set-aside. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48 (5): 1251-1259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02012.x <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02012.x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02012.x</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Truxa, C., Fiedler, K. (2012), Attraction to light - from how far do moths (Lepidoptera) return to weak artificial sources of light? European Journal of Entomology, 109 (1):77-84. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>UKMoths <a href="http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/" target="_blank">http://www.ukmoths.org.uk/species/chiasmia-clathrata/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Savela, Markku. "Chiasmia clathrata (Linnaeus, 1758)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved March 31, 2019. <a href="http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata" target="_blank">http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/geometroidea/geometridae/ennominae/chiasmia/#clathrata</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Porter, J., 1997. The Colour Identification Guide to Caterpillars of the British Isles. Viking Press, Harmondsworth, Middlesex. xii + 275 pp. ISBN 0-670-87509-0 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>