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Stratum spinosum
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<h2 id="clinical-significance">Clinical significance</h2> <p>Diffuse <a href="/facts/Hyperplasia/gDv6kB4j">hyperplasia</a> of the stratum spinosum is termed <a href="/facts/Acanthosis/JvRABubP">acanthosis</a>. </p> <h2 id="additional-images">Additional images</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Spinous_cell/ewBsYndg">Spinous cell</a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Rook, Arthur; Burns, Tony (2004). Rook's textbook of dermatology. Blackwell Science. pp. 3.7 – 3.8. ISBN 978-0-632-06429-8. OCLC 55097298. <a href="978-0-632-06429-8" target="_blank">978-0-632-06429-8</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>James, William D; Berger, Timothy G; Elston, Dirk M; Odom, Richard B (2006). Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. OCLC 62736861. <a href="978-0-7216-2921-6" target="_blank">978-0-7216-2921-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Barbieri, J.S.; Wanat, K.; Seykora, J. (2014). "Skin: Basic Structure and Function". Pathobiology of Human Disease. pp. 1134–1144. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03501-2. ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4. <a href="978-0-12-386457-4" target="_blank">978-0-12-386457-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>McBain, A.J.; o'Neill, C.A.; Oates, A. (2016). "Skin Microbiology". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99217-1. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. <a href="978-0-12-801238-3" target="_blank">978-0-12-801238-3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Barbieri, J.S.; Wanat, K.; Seykora, J. (2014). "Skin: Basic Structure and Function". Pathobiology of Human Disease. pp. 1134–1144. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03501-2. ISBN 978-0-12-386457-4. <a href="978-0-12-386457-4" target="_blank">978-0-12-386457-4</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Marks, James G; Lookingbill, Donald P (2006). Lookingbill and Marks' principles of dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4160-3185-7. OCLC 70829704. <a href="978-1-4160-3185-7" target="_blank">978-1-4160-3185-7</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>McBain, A.J.; o'Neill, C.A.; Oates, A. (2016). "Skin Microbiology". Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99217-1. ISBN 978-0-12-801238-3. <a href="978-0-12-801238-3" target="_blank">978-0-12-801238-3</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Young, Barbara; Heath, John W; Stevens, Alan; Lowe, J S; Wheater, Paul R; Burkitt, H. George (2000). Wheater's functional histology: a text and colour atlas. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-05612-3. OCLC 43051605.[page needed] <a href="978-0-443-05612-3" target="_blank">978-0-443-05612-3</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Di Meglio, Paola; Conrad, Curdin (2016). "Psoriasis, Cutaneous Lupus Erithematosus and Immunobiology of the Skin". Encyclopedia of Immunobiology. pp. 192–203. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.15008-8. ISBN 978-0-08-092152-5. <a href="978-0-08-092152-5" target="_blank">978-0-08-092152-5</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license. Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; Johnson, Jody E; Korol, Oksana; Kruse, Dean; Poe, Brandon; Wise, James; Womble, Mark D; Young, Kelly A (June 28, 2023). Anatomy & Physiology. Houston: OpenStax CNX. 5.1 Layers of the skin. ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3. <a href="978-1-947172-04-3" target="_blank">978-1-947172-04-3</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>