Equal channel angular extrusion

<h2 id="process-routes">Process routes</h2>
<p>The process can be carried out in multiple passes. According to the rotation angle and direction between next passes, there can be four fundamental process routes named A, Ba, Bc, and C:
</p>
<ul><li>A - The sample in not rotated,</li>
<li>Ba - the sample is rotated by 90° clockwise and counterclockwise around its longitudinal axis alternatively,</li>
<li>Bc - the sample is rotated by 90° clockwise around its longitudinal axis,</li>
<li>C - the sample is rotated by 180° around its longitudinal axis.</li></ul>
<h2 id="finite-element-method-in-the-ecae-process">Finite element method in the ECAE process</h2>
<p>The behave during deformation and flow of the material, are analyzed by scientists and there are many articles on computer simulation, finite element method is one of the important approaches to understand the deformation occurring in the ECAE process.
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<p><a href="/facts/Severe_plastic_deformation/LIzE15Uq">Severe plastic deformation</a>
</p><p><a href="/facts/Strengthening_mechanisms_of_materials/yyffj3m3">Strengthening mechanisms of materials</a>
</p>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6883359.html">patent information</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Edalati, K.; Bachmaier, A.; Beloshenko, V.A.; Beygelzimer, Y.; Blank, V.D.; Botta, W.J.; Bryła, K.; Čížek, J.; Divinski, S.; Enikeev, N.A.; Estrin, Y.; Faraji, G.; Figueiredo, R.B.; Fuji, M.; Furuta, T.; Grosdidier, T.; Gubicza, J.; Hohenwarter, A.; Horita, Z.; Huot, J.; Ikoma, Y.; Janeček, M.; Kawasaki, M.; Krǎl, P.; Kuramoto, S.; Langdon, T.G.; Leiva, D.R.; Levitas, V.I.; Mazilkin, A.; Mito, M.; Miyamoto, H.; Nishizaki, T.; Pippan, R.; Popov, V.V.; Popova, E.N.; Purcek, G.; Renk, O.; Révész, A.; Sauvage, X.; Sklenicka, V.; Skrotzki, W.; Straumal, B.B.; Suwas, S.; Toth, L.S.; Tsuji, N.; Valiev, R.Z.; Wilde, G.; Zehetbauer, M.J.; Zhu, X. (April 2022). "Nanomaterials by severe plastic deformation: review of historical developments and recent advances". Materials Research Letters. 10 (4): 163–256. doi:10.1080/21663831.2022.2029779. S2CID 246959065. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21663831.2022.2029779" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21663831.2022.2029779</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Rosochowski, Andrzej (2013). Severe plastic deformation technology. Whittles Publishing. ISBN 9781849951197. OCLC 968912427. <a href="9781849951197" target="_blank">9781849951197</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Equal channel angular extrusion from encyclopedia of Russian Nanotechnology Corporation (in Russian) <a href="http://thesaurus.rusnano.com/wiki/article23465" target="_blank">http://thesaurus.rusnano.com/wiki/article23465</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Nejadseyfi, Omid; Shokuhfar, Ali; Dabiri, Amirreza; Azimi, Amin (2015-11-05). "Combining equal-channel angular pressing and heat treatment to obtain enhanced corrosion resistance in 6061 aluminum alloy". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 648: 912–918. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.177. ISSN 0925-8388. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838815300773" target="_blank">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838815300773</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Elhefnawey, Maged; Shuai, G.L.; Li, Z.; Nemat-Alla, M.; Zhang, D.T.; Li, L. (2021-02-01). "On dry sliding wear of ECAPed Al-Mg-Zn alloy: Wear rate and coefficient of friction relationship". Alexandria Engineering Journal. 60 (1): 927–939. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2020.10.021. ISSN 1110-0168. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aej.2020.10.021" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aej.2020.10.021</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Edalati, Kaveh; Ahmed, Anwar Q.; Akrami, Saeid; Ameyama, Kei; Aptukov, Valery; Asfandiyarov, Rashid N.; Ashida, Maki; Astanin, Vasily; Bachmaier, Andrea; Beloshenko, Victor; Bobruk, Elena V.; Bryła, Krzysztof; Cabrera, José María; Carvalho, Amanda P.; Chinh, Nguyen Q.; Choi, In-Chul; Chulist, Robert; Cubero-Sesin, Jorge M.; Davdian, Gregory; Demirtas, Muhammet; Divinski, Sergiy; Durst, Karsten; Dvorak, Jiri; Edalati, Parisa; Emura, Satoshi; Enikeev, Nariman A.; Faraji, Ghader; Figueiredo, Roberto B.; Floriano, Ricardo; Fouladvind, Marjan; Fruchart, Daniel; Fuji, Masayoshi; Fujiwara, Hiroshi; Gajdics, Marcell; Gheorghe, Diana; Gondek, Łukasz; González-Hernández, Joaquín E.; Gornakova, Alena; Grosdidier, Thierry; Gubicza, Jenő; Gunderov, Dmitry; He, Liqing; Higuera, Oscar Fabian; Hirosawa, Shoichi; Hohenwarter, Anton; Horita, Zenji; Horky, Jelena; Huang, Yi; Huot, Jacques; Ikoma, Yoshifumi; Ishihara, Tatsumi; Ivanisenko, Yulia; Jang, Jae-il; Jorge Jr, Alberto M.; Kawabata-Ota, Mie; Kawasaki, Megumi; Khelfa, Tarek; Kobayashi, Junya; Kommel, Lembit; Korneva, Anna; Kral, Petr; Kudriashova, Natalia; Kuramoto, Shigeru; Langdon, Terence G.; Lee, Dong-Hyun; Levitas, Valery I.; Li, Cong; Li, Hai-Wen; Li, Yongtao; Li, Zheng; Lin, Huai-Jun; Liss, Klaus-Dieter; Liu, Ying; Marulanda Cardona, Diana Maritza; Matsuda, Kenji; Mazilkin, Andrey; Mine, Yoji; Miyamoto, Hiroyuki; Moon, Suk-Chun; Müller, Timo; Muñoz, Jairo Alberto; Murashkin, Maxim Yu.; Naeem, Muhammad; Novelli, Marc; Olasz, Dániel; Pippan, Reinhard; Popov, Vladimir V.; Popova, Elena N.; Purcek, Gencaga; de Rango, Patricia; Renk, Oliver; Retraint, Delphine; Révész, Ádám; Roche, Virginie; Rodriguez-Calvillo, Pablo; Romero-Resendiz, Liliana; Sauvage, Xavier; Sawaguchi, Takahiro; Sena, Hadi; Shahmir, Hamed; Shi, Xiaobin; Sklenicka, Vaclav; Skrotzki, Werner; Skryabina, Nataliya; Staab, Franziska; Straumal, Boris; Sun, Zhidan; Szczerba, Maciej; Takizawa, Yoichi; Tang, Yongpeng; Valiev, Ruslan Z.; Vozniak, Alina; Voznyak, Andrei; Wang, Bo; Wang, Jing Tao; Wilde, Gerhard; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, Meng; Zhang, Peng; Zhou, Jianqiang; Zhu, Xinkun; Zhu, Yuntian T. (2024). "Severe plastic deformation for producing superfunctional ultrafine-grainedand heterostructured materials: An interdisciplinary review". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 1002: 174667. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174667. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2024.174667" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jallcom.2024.174667</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Rosochowski, Andrzej (2013). Severe plastic deformation technology. Whittles Publishing. ISBN 9781849951197. OCLC 968912427. <a href="9781849951197" target="_blank">9781849951197</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Equal channel angular extrusion open-in-new

Equal channel angular extrusion