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Design computing
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<h2 id="areas">Areas</h2> <p>In recent years a number of research and education areas have been grouped under the umbrella term "design computing", namely: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence/lJGauQwX">Artificial intelligence</a> in design</li> <li><a href="/facts/Expert_system/CUCzSEaX">Expert systems</a> and <a href="/facts/Knowledge-based_systems/uocg0bY3">knowledge-based systems</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Computational_creativity/bKmLKuj8">Computational creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Computer-aided_design/5gSXrmmN">Computer-aided design</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Responsive_computer-aided_design/mBD3Ajnb">Responsive computer-aided design</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Digital_architecture/lU3PlU2l">Digital architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Digital_morphogenesis/c8bg3Hhq">Digital morphogenesis</a></li> <li>Visual and spatial modelling</li> <li>Computational analogy</li> <li>Automated design systems</li> <li>Design support systems</li> <li><a href="/facts/Computer-supported_cooperative_work/IXyPr6y4">Computer-supported cooperative work</a> (CSCW)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Building_information_modeling/VFVtPmEr">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Extended_reality/oHE8cwzu">Extended reality</a> (XR)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Spatial_computing/yM3ttcD4">spatial computing</a></li> <li>Digital place-making<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="research-groups">Research groups</h2> <p>The main research groups working in this area span from Faculties of Architecture, Engineering and Computer Science. Australia has been a pioneer in this area. For the last five decades the <a href="/facts/Key_Centre_of_Design_Computing_and_Cognition/SbwGyuem">Key Centre of Design Computing and Cognition</a> (KCDC), currently known as the Design Lab, at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Sydney/AzENnAra">University of Sydney</a> has been active in establishing this area of research and teaching. The <a href="/facts/University_of_Sydney/AzENnAra">University of Sydney</a> offers a Bachelor of Design Computing (<a href="http://sydney.edu.au/architecture/study/bdescomp.shtml">[1]</a>) and the <a href="/facts/University_of_New_South_Wales/h64vknzj">University of New South Wales</a> also in <a href="/facts/Sydney/8TegRcwB">Sydney</a> a Bachelor of Computational Design (<a href="https://www.be.unsw.edu.au/undergraduate-degrees/computational-design/about-computational-design">[2]</a>). In the US this research area is also known as "Design and Computation", namely at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (<a href="/facts/MIT/Xk49vNA8">MIT</a>). Other relevant research groups include: </p> <ul><li>Critical Research in Digital Architecture (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091024123004/http://www.crida.net/">CRIDA</a>), Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne</li> <li>School of Architecture, Carnegie Mellon</li> <li>Department of Computer Science, University College London</li> <li>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universidade de Coimbra</li> <li>Department of Computer Science, Vrije University, Amsterdam</li> <li>Creativity and Cognition Studios, University of Technology Sydney</li> <li>Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder</li> <li>Department of Architecture, Tokyo Institute of Technology</li> <li>Department of Architecture, MIT</li> <li>Department of Computer Science, Helsinki University of Technology</li> <li>College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology</li> <li>Design Machine Group, <a href="/facts/University_of_Washington_College_of_Built_Environments/qgRBvgRG">University of Washington College of Built Environments</a>, Seattle</li> <li>Design Computing Program, <a href="/facts/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology_College_of_Architecture/6fzueFQh">Georgia Institute of Technology College of Architecture</a></li> <li>School of Interactive Arts + Technology, <a href="/facts/Simon_Fraser_University/o5EasHf7">Simon Fraser University</a></li> <li>Department of Architecture, Technical University of Delft, The Netherlands</li> <li>Institute of Computational Design, University of Stuttgart</li> <li>Architectural Design Computing, Istanbul Technical University</li> <li>Faculty of Architecture, <a href="/facts/Istanbul_Bilgi_University/wTchHmK2">Istanbul Bilgi University</a>, Turkey</li> <li>Centre of IT and Architecture (CITA), <a href="/facts/The_Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts/PW3Xwjlh">The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts</a>, Copenhagen</li> <li>Institute of Architectural Algorithms & Applications (<a href="http://labaaa.org">Inst.AAA</a>), Southeast University, Nanjing</li> <li>Department of Experimental and Digital Design and Construction, University of Kassel, Germany</li> <li>Computational Media Design (<a href="https://science.ucalgary.ca/computational-media-design">CMD</a>) program, University of Calgary, Canada</li> <li>School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism (<a href="https://www.fec.unicamp.br/english/">FEC-Unicamp</a>), University of Campinas, Brazil</li> <li>Computation, Appearance, and Manufacturing group (<a href="http://cam.mpi-inf.mpg.de/?view=home">CAM</a>), Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany</li></ul> <h2 id="conferences">Conferences</h2> <p>The biannual International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition (DCC) brings together high quality research on this area, as do annual conferences by the <a href="/facts/Association_for_Computer_Aided_Design_In_Architecture/IvvDja5A">Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture</a> and others. </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Artificial Intelligence in Design '92 | John S. Gero | Springer. <a href="https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401052382" target="_blank">https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789401052382</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gero, John. "Eighth International Conference on Design Computing and Cognition DCC'18 or DCC18". dccconferences.org. Retrieved 2017-11-13. <a href="http://dccconferences.org/dcc18/" target="_blank">http://dccconferences.org/dcc18/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>architecture.mit.edu/computation/program/overview <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Computational Design | School of Architecture | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GA". arch.gatech.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-13. <a href="https://arch.gatech.edu/computational-design" target="_blank">https://arch.gatech.edu/computational-design</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Ubiquity: Computational design". ubiquity.acm.org. Retrieved 2017-11-13. <a href="http://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=3132087" target="_blank">http://ubiquity.acm.org/article.cfm?id=3132087</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Design Computing and Cognition '14 | John S. Gero | Springer. <a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319149554#aboutBook" target="_blank">https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319149554#aboutBook</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Bachelor of Design Computing". The University of Sydney. Retrieved 18 April 2018. <a href="https://sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/uc/bachelor-of-design-computing.html" target="_blank">https://sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/uc/bachelor-of-design-computing.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Faculty of Architecture Handbook 2004" (PDF). University of Sydney Library. Retrieved 11 November 2017. <a href="https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/1024/1/architecture_2004.pdf" target="_blank">https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/1024/1/architecture_2004.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Zellner, Peter (1999). Hybrid space : new forms in digital architecture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500341737. <a href="0500341737" target="_blank">0500341737</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Baradaran Rahimi, Farzan; Levy, Richard M.; Boyd, Jeffrey E. (2021-02-01). "Hybrid Space: An Emerging Opportunity That Alternative Reality Technologies Offer to the Museums". Space and Culture. 24 (1): 83–96. Bibcode:2021SpCul..24...83B. doi:10.1177/1206331218793065. ISSN 1206-3312. S2CID 149847590. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331218793065" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331218793065</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Hespanhol, Luke; Haeusler, Hank; Tomitsch, Martin; Tscherteu, Gernot (2017). Media architecture compendium : digital placemaking. Stuttgart, Germany: Avedition. ISBN 9783899862515. <a href="9783899862515" target="_blank">9783899862515</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>