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Actomyosin ring
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<h2 id="variation-between-kingdoms">Variation between kingdoms</h2> <p>In animals, the ring forms along the <a href="/facts/Cleavage_furrow/Xe28ULf5">cleavage furrow</a> on the inside of the <a href="/facts/Plasma_membrane/vAXSD0DT">plasma membrane</a> then splits by abscission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> In fungi, it forms at the mother-bud neck before mitosis. <a href="/facts/Septin/UEdt7MFy">Septin</a> is heavily involved in the formation of the fungal AMR.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> In most <a href="/facts/Bacteria/wC8xSCsU">bacteria</a> and many <a href="/facts/Archaea/Adxh0aHw">archaea</a> a homologous structure called the <a href="/facts/FtsZ/tKkb9buQ">Z-ring</a> forms out of <a href="/facts/FtsZ/tKkb9buQ">FtsZ</a>, a homolog of <a href="/facts/Tubulin/j4Bk2wcL">tubulin</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Chloroplasts/fo8U3yTx">Chloroplasts</a> form an analogous structure out of FtsZ. These structures are not made out of actomyosin, but serve a similar role in constricting and permitting cytokinesis. In plant cells, there is no actomyosin ring. Instead, a <a href="/facts/Cell_plate/GTBWHTrs">cell plate</a> grows centrifugally outwards from the center of the plane of division until it fuses with the existing <a href="/facts/Cell_wall/DYXJVrnw">cell wall</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cytokinesis/hhrnmTwY">Cytokinesis § Actin-myosin ring assembly and contraction</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Cheffings, T. H.; Burroughs, N. J.; Balasubramanian, M. K. (2016). "Actomyosin Ring Formation and Tension Generation in Eukaryotic Cytokinesis". Current Biology. 26 (15): R719 – R737. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.071. PMID 27505246. S2CID 3908927. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.06.071" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.06.071</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Mana-Capelli, Sebastian; McCollum, Dannel (2013). "Actomyosin Ring". Encyclopedia of Systems Biology. p. 8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_779. ISBN 978-1-4419-9862-0. <a href="978-1-4419-9862-0" target="_blank">978-1-4419-9862-0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Cheffings, T. H.; Burroughs, N. J.; Balasubramanian, M. K. (2016). "Actomyosin Ring Formation and Tension Generation in Eukaryotic Cytokinesis". Current Biology. 26 (15): R719 – R737. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.071. PMID 27505246. S2CID 3908927. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.06.071" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.06.071</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Munjal, A.; Lecuit, T. (2014). "Actomyosin networks and tissue morphogenesis". Development. 141 (9): 1789–1793. doi:10.1242/dev.091645. PMID 24757001. S2CID 5257808. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.091645" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.091645</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Mendes Pinto, I.; Rubinstein, B.; Li, R. (2013). "Force to divide: Structural and mechanical requirements for actomyosin ring contraction". Biophysical Journal. 105 (3): 547–554. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.033. PMC 3736747. PMID 23931302. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736747" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736747</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Martin, A. C. (2016). "Embryonic ring closure: Actomyosin rings do the two-step". The Journal of Cell Biology. 215 (3): 301–303. doi:10.1083/jcb.201610061. PMC 5100299. PMID 27799371. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100299" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100299</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Kucera, Ondrej; Siahaan, Valerie; Janda, Daniel; Dijkstra, Sietske H; Pilatova, Eliska; Zatecka, Eva; Diez, Stefan; Braun, Marcus; Lansky, Zdenek (2021). "Anillin propels myosin-independent constriction of actin rings". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 4595. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24474-1. PMC 8319318. PMID 34321459. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319318" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8319318</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Schwayer, C.; Sikora, M.; Slováková, J.; Kardos, R.; Heisenberg, C. P. (2016). "Actin Rings of Power". Developmental Cell. 37 (6): 493–506. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2016.05.024. PMID 27326928. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.devcel.2016.05.024" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.devcel.2016.05.024</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Pelletier, L.; Yamashita, Y. M. (2012). "Centrosome asymmetry and inheritance during animal development". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 24 (4): 541–546. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.005. PMC 3425708. PMID 22683192. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425708" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425708</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Shi, J.; Surma, M.; Zhang, L.; Wei, L. (2013). "Dissecting the roles of ROCK isoforms in stress-induced cell detachment". Cell Cycle. 12 (10): 1492–1900. doi:10.4161/cc.24699. PMC 3680529. PMID 23598717. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680529" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680529</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Chen, C. T.; Hehnly, H.; Doxsey, S. J. (2012). "Orchestrating vesicle transport, ESCRTs and kinase surveillance during abscission". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 13 (8): 483–488. doi:10.1038/nrm3395. PMC 4215936. PMID 22781903. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215936" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215936</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Fededa, J. P.; Gerlich, D. W. (2012). "Molecular control of animal cell cytokinesis". Nature Cell Biology. 14 (5): 440–447. doi:10.1038/ncb2482. hdl:11336/20338. PMID 22552143. S2CID 3355851. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Meitinger, F.; Palani, S. (2016). "Actomyosin ring driven cytokinesis in budding yeast". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. 53: 19–27. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.043. PMC 4884668. PMID 26845196. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884668" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4884668</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Alberts, B., A. Johnson, J. Lewis, D. Morgan, M. Raff, K. Roberts, and P. Walter, editors. (2015). Molecular Biology of the Cell, 6th edition. Garland Science: New York. 1464 pp. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Bi, E.; Maddox, P.; Lew, D. J.; Salmon, E. D.; McMillan, J. N.; Yeh, E.; Pringle, J. R. (1998). "Involvement of an actomyosin contractile ring in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytokinesis". The Journal of Cell Biology. 142 (5): 1301–1312. doi:10.1083/jcb.142.5.1301. PMC 2149343. PMID 9732290. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2149343" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2149343</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>