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<h2 id="hafs-recitation">Hafs recitation</h2> <p>Of all the <a href="/facts/Ibn_Mujahid/3C2wj2Jk">canonical recitation traditions</a>, only the Kufan tradition of Hafs included the bismillah as a separate verse in <a href="/facts/Chapter_(surah)_1/4Lr7mF49">Chapter (surah) 1</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>In the 10thC, in his <i>Kitāb al-sabʿa fī l-qirāʾāt</i>, <a href="/facts/Ibn_Mujahid/3C2wj2Jk">Ibn Mujahid</a> mentioned the <a href="/facts/Seven_qira%2527at/qQm8YesX">seven readings of the Quran</a> which originally were all recited by the Prophet of Islam to his followers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Three of their readers hailed from <a href="/facts/Kufa/Mce6seyF">Kufa</a>, a centre of early Islamic learning.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The three Kufan readers were <a href="/facts/Al-Kisa%2527i/dFCDCwGP">Al-Kisa'i, the Kufan</a>; <a href="/facts/Hamzah_az-Zaiyyat/dR0AUz6J">Hamzah az-Zaiyyat</a>; and <a href="/facts/Aasim_ibn_Abi_al-Najud/u4S4VV4M">Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud</a>. </p><p>It is, alongside the Hafs 'an 'Asim tradition which represents the recitational tradition of <a href="/facts/Kufa/Mce6seyF">Kufa</a>, one of the two major oral transmission of the Quran in the Muslim World.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The influential standard <a href="/facts/Quran_of_Cairo/gQTzsL8n">Quran of Cairo</a> that was published in 1924 is based on Hafs 'an ʻAsim's recitation. </p> <h2 id="chain-of-transmission">Chain of Transmission</h2> <p>Imam Hafs ibn Suleiman ibn al-Mughirah al-Asadi al-Kufi learned from <a href="/facts/Aasim_ibn_Abi_al-Najud/u4S4VV4M">Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud</a> al-Kufi al-Tabi'i from <a href="/facts/Abu_Abd_al-Rahman_Abd_Allah_ibn_Habib_al-Sulami/gIsTclzF">Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami</a> from <a href="/facts/Uthman/26tpuvcF">Uthman ibn Affan</a>, <a href="/facts/Ali/YwM7b73C">Ali ibn Abu Talib</a>, <a href="/facts/Ubayy_ibn_Ka%2527b/5khmFr1l">Ubayy ibn Ka'b</a>, and <a href="/facts/Zaid_ibn_Thabit/DQGvdhT7">Zaid ibn Thabit</a> from <a href="/facts/Muhammad_(SAW)/5VcA7XrT">Muhammad (SAW)</a>. </p> Hafs' Recitation Chain of Transmission<table><tbody><tr><th>Level</th><th>Reciter</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Muhammad_(SAW)/5VcA7XrT">Muhammad (SAW)</a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/Uthman/26tpuvcF">Uthman ibn Affan</a>, <a href="/facts/Ali/YwM7b73C">Ali ibn Abu Talib</a>, <a href="/facts/Ubayy_ibn_Ka%2527b/5khmFr1l">Ubayy ibn Ka'b</a>, <a href="/facts/Abdullah_ibn_Masud/FKXAvV9j">Abdullah ibn Masud</a>, and <a href="/facts/Zaid_ibn_Thabit/DQGvdhT7">Zaid ibn Thabit</a></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/facts/Abu_Abd_al-Rahman_Abd_Allah_ibn_Habib_al-Sulami/gIsTclzF">Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami</a></td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Aasim_ibn_Abi_al-Najud/u4S4VV4M">Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud</a></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Imam Hafs</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <h3>Ten readers and transmitters</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nafi%25E2%2580%2598_al-Madani/eQEjrXV4">Nafi‘ al-Madani</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Qalun/2cpQG8vv">Qalun</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Warsh/A2qY73Y0">Warsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ibn_Kathir_al-Makki/7HUWxhkI">Ibn Kathir al-Makki</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Al-Bazzi/gB7s2cM9">Al-Bazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Qunbul/tDRK7BXe">Qunbul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Abu_%2527Amr_ibn_al-%2527Ala%2527/xhYcE8xV">Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Al-Duri/K7lvjA01">Ad-Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Abu_Shu%2527ayb_al-Soussi/sDQCgW4M">Al-Susi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ibn_Amir_ad-Dimashqi/XV5GY2sL">Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi</a> <ul><li>Hisham ibn Ammar</li> <li>Ibn Dhakwan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Aasim_ibn_Abi_al-Najud/u4S4VV4M">Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Shu%2527bah/5UVGTham">Shu'bah</a></li> <li>Hafs</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hamzah_az-Zaiyyat/dR0AUz6J">Hamzah az-Zaiyyat</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Khalaf_al-Bazzar/DBlQFTIt">Khalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Khallad/qDFM2n7a">Khallad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Al-Kisa%2527i/dFCDCwGP">Al-Kisa'i</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Al-Layth/zY7ucmxv">Al-Layth</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Al-Duri/K7lvjA01">Ad-Duri</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abu Ja'far <ul><li>'Isa ibn Waddan</li> <li>Ibn Jummaz</li></ul></li> <li>Ya'qub al-Yamani <ul><li>Ruways</li> <li>Rawh</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Khalaf_al-Bazzar/DBlQFTIt">Khalaf</a> <ul><li>Ishaq</li> <li>Idris</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM Saifullah (8 Jan 2002). "The Ten Readers & Their Transmitters". Islamic Awareness. Retrieved 11 Apr 2016. <a href="http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Qiraat/the10.html" target="_blank">http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Qiraat/the10.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Shady Hekmat Nasser (2012). "Ibn Mujahid and the Canonization of the Seven Readings". The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an: The Problem of Tawaatur and the Emergence of Shawaadhdh. Leiden: Brill Publishers. p. 129. ISBN 9789004240810. <a href="9789004240810" target="_blank">9789004240810</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Bewley, Aishah. "The Seven Qira'at of the Qur'an" Archived 2006-05-01 at the Wayback Machine, Aisha Bewley's Islamic Home Page <a href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/Page6.html" target="_blank">http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/Page6.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Peter G. Riddell, Early Malay Qur'anic exegical activity, p. 164. Taken from Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2001. ISBN 9781850653363 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Peter G. Riddell, Early Malay Qur'anic exegical activity, p. 164. Taken from Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2001. ISBN 9781850653363 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Cyril Glasse, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 268. Intr. by Huston Smith. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. ISBN 9780759101906 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&dq=aasim+qira%27ah&pg=PA268" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&dq=aasim+qira%27ah&pg=PA268</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Peter G. Riddell, Early Malay Qur'anic exegical activity, p. 164. Taken from Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2001. ISBN 9781850653363 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Aisha Geissinger, Gender and Muslim Constructions of Exegetical Authority: A Rereading of the Classical Genre of Qurʾān Commentary, pg. 79. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2015. ISBN 9789004294448 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7lPFCQAAQBAJ&q=warsh&pg=PA79" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=7lPFCQAAQBAJ&q=warsh&pg=PA79</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Stefan Wild, Al-Baydawi. Quran: an Encyclopedia <a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" target="_blank">/wiki/Al-Baydawi</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Sahih Muslim 819a - The Book of Prayer - Travellers - كتاب صلاة المسافرين وقصرها - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. <a href="https://sunnah.com/muslim:819a" target="_blank">https://sunnah.com/muslim:819a</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Dutton, Yasin (2012). "Orality, Literacy and the 'Seven Aḥruf' Ḥadīth". Journal of Islamic Studies. 23 (1): 1–49. doi:10.1093/jis/etr092. ISSN 0955-2340. JSTOR 26201011. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/26201011" target="_blank">http://www.jstor.org/stable/26201011</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Ibn Warraq, Which Koran? Variants, Manuscript, Linguistics, pg. 45. Prometheus Books, 2011. ISBN 1591024307 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>