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<h2 id="sfp-types">SFP types</h2> <p>SFP transceivers are available with a variety of transmitter and receiver specifications, allowing users to select the appropriate transceiver for each link to provide the required <i>optical</i> or <i>electrical reach</i> over the available media type (e.g. <a href="/facts/Twisted_pair/L426Jk2C">twisted pair</a> or <a href="/facts/Twinaxial_cabling/8HxonjdN">twinaxial</a> copper cables, <a href="/facts/Multi-mode/nCIl5D6a">multi-mode</a> or <a href="/facts/Single-mode/nCIl5D6a">single-mode</a> fiber cables). Transceivers are also designated by their transmission speed. SFP modules are commonly available in several different categories. </p> Comparison of SFP types<table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Nominal speed</th><th>Lanes</th><th>Standard</th><th>Introduced</th><th>Backward-compatible</th><th><a href="/facts/PHY/0BhXjqld">PHY</a> interface</th><th>Connector</th></tr><tr><td>SFP</td><td>100 Mbit/s</td><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> INF-8074i</td><td>2001-05-01</td><td>None</td><td>MII</td><td>LC, RJ45</td></tr><tr><td>SFP</td><td>1 Gbit/s</td><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> INF-8074i</td><td>2001-05-01</td><td>100 Mbit/s SFP*</td><td>SGMII</td><td>LC, RJ45</td></tr><tr><td>cSFP</td><td>1 Gbit/s</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>SFP+</td><td>10 Gbit/s</td><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8431 4.1</td><td>2009-07-06</td><td>SFP</td><td>XGMII</td><td>LC, RJ45</td></tr><tr><td>SFP28</td><td>25 Gbit/s</td><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8402</td><td>2014-09-13</td><td>SFP, SFP+</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>SFP56</td><td>50 Gbit/s</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>SFP, SFP+, SFP28</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>SFP-DD</td><td>100 Gbit/s</td><td>2</td><td rowspan="3">SFP-DD MSA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td>2018-01-26</td><td>SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>SFP112</td><td>100 Gbit/s</td><td>1</td><td>2018-01-26</td><td>SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>SFP-DD112</td><td>200 Gbit/s</td><td>2</td><td>2018-01-26</td><td>SFP, SFP+, SFP28, SFP56, SFP-DD, SFP112</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><th colspan="8">QSFP types</th></tr><tr><td>QSFP</td><td>4 Gbit/s</td><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> INF-8438</td><td>2006-11-01</td><td>None</td><td>GMII</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>QSFP+</td><td>40 Gbit/s</td><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8436</td><td>2012-04-01</td><td>None</td><td>XGMII</td><td>LC, MTP/MPO</td></tr><tr><td>QSFP28</td><td>50 Gbit/s</td><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8665</td><td>2014-09-13</td><td>QSFP+</td><td></td><td>LC</td></tr><tr><td>QSFP28</td><td>100 Gbit/s</td><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8665</td><td>2014-09-13</td><td>QSFP+</td><td></td><td>LC, MTP/MPO-12</td></tr><tr><td>QSFP56</td><td>200 Gbit/s</td><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8665</td><td>2015-06-29</td><td>QSFP+, QSFP28</td><td></td><td>LC, MTP/MPO-12</td></tr><tr><td>QSFP112</td><td>400 Gbit/s</td><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> SFF-8665</td><td>2015-06-29</td><td>QSFP+, QSFP28, QSFP56</td><td></td><td>LC, MTP/MPO-12</td></tr><tr><td>QSFP-DD</td><td>400 Gbit/s</td><td>8</td><td><a href="/facts/Small_Form_Factor_Committee/3PtrvgQA">SFF</a> INF-8628</td><td>2016-06-27</td><td>QSFP+, QSFP28,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> QSFP56</td><td></td><td>LC, MTP/MPO-16</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note that the QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP56 are designed to be electrically backward compatible with SFP/SFP+/SFP28 or SFP56 respectively. Using a simple adapter or a special direct attached cable it is possible to connect those interfaces together using just one lane instead of four provided by the QSFP/QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP56 form factor. The same applies to the QSFP-DD form factor with 8 lanes which can work downgraded to 4/2/1 lanes. </p> <h3>100 Mbit/s SFP</h3> <ul><li>Multi-mode fiber, <a href="/facts/LC_connector/uIC3170n">LC connector</a>, with black or Beige color coding <ul><li>SX – 850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m</li></ul></li> <li>Multi-mode fiber, <a href="/facts/LC_connector/uIC3170n">LC connector</a>, with blue color coding <ul><li><a href="/facts/Fast_Ethernet/YM5HjX0C">FX</a> – 1300 nm, for a distance up to 5 km.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fast_Ethernet/YM5HjX0C">LFX</a> (name dependent on manufacturer) – 1310 nm, for a distance up to 5 km.</li></ul></li> <li>Single-mode fiber, LC connector, with blue color coding <ul><li><a href="/facts/Fast_Ethernet/YM5HjX0C">LX</a> – 1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km</li> <li><a href="/facts/Fast_Ethernet/YM5HjX0C">EX</a> – 1310 nm, for distances up to 40 km</li></ul></li> <li>Single-mode fiber, LC connector, with green color coding <ul><li><a href="/facts/Fast_Ethernet/YM5HjX0C">ZX</a> – 1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km, (depending on fiber path loss)</li> <li>EZX – 1550 nm, for distances up to 160 km (depending on fiber path loss)</li></ul></li> <li>Single-mode fiber, LC connector, Bi-Directional, with blue and yellow color coding <ul><li>BX (officially BX10) – 1550 nm/1310 nm, Single Fiber Bi-Directional 100 Mbit SFP Transceivers, paired as BX-U (blue) and BX-D (yellow) for uplink and downlink respectively, also for distances up to 10 km. Variations of bidirectional SFPs are also manufactured which higher transmit power versions with link length capabilities up to 40 km.</li></ul></li> <li>Copper twisted-pair cabling, <a href="/facts/RJ45_(telecommunications)/FJIzzlpD">8P8C</a> (RJ-45) connector <ul><li><a href="/facts/100BASE-TX/YM5HjX0C">100BASE-TX</a> – for distances up to 100m.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3>1 Gbit/s SFP</h3> <ul><li>1 to 1.25 Gbit/s multi-mode fiber, <a href="/facts/LC_connector/uIC3170n">LC connector</a>, with black or beige extraction lever<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> <ul><li>SX – 850 nm, for a maximum of 550 m at 1.25 Gbit/s (gigabit Ethernet). Other multi-mode SFP applications support even higher rates at shorter distances.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li></ul></li> <li>1 to 1.25 Gbit/s multi-mode fiber, <a href="/facts/LC_connector/uIC3170n">LC connector</a>, extraction lever colors not standardized <ul><li>SX+/MX/LSX/LX (name dependent on manufacturer) – 1310 nm, for a distance up to 2 km.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Not compatible with SX or 100BASE-FX. Based on LX but engineered to work with a multi-mode fiber using a standard multi-mode patch cable rather than a mode-conditioning cable commonly used to adapt LX to multi-mode.</li></ul></li> <li>1 to 2.5 Gbit/s single-mode fiber, LC connector, with blue extraction lever<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <ul><li>LX – 1310 nm, for distances up to 10 km (originally, LX just covered 5 km and LX10 for 10 km followed later)</li> <li>EX – 1310 nm, for distances up to 40 km</li> <li>ZX – 1550 nm, for distances up to 80 km (depending on fiber path loss), with green extraction lever (see GLC-ZX-SM1)</li> <li>EZX – 1550 nm, for distances up to 160 km (depending on fiber path loss)</li> <li>BX (officially BX10) – 1490 nm/1310 nm, Single Fiber Bi-Directional Gigabit SFP Transceivers, paired as BX-U and BX-D for uplink and downlink respectively, also for distances up to 10 km.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Variations of bidirectional SFPs are also manufactured which use 1550 nm in one direction, and higher transmit power versions with link length capabilities up to 80 km.</li> <li>1550 nm 40 km (XD), 80 km (ZX), 120 km (EX or EZX)</li> <li>SFSW – single-fiber single-wavelength transceivers, for bi-directional traffic on a single fiber. Coupled with CWDM, these double the traffic density of fiber links.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Coarse_wavelength-division_multiplexing/xSkNRxfu">Coarse wavelength-division multiplexing</a> (CWDM) and <a href="/facts/Dense_wavelength-division_multiplexing/xSkNRxfu">dense wavelength-division multiplexing</a> (DWDM) transceivers at various wavelengths achieve various maximum distances. CWDM and DWDM transceivers usually support link distances of 40, 80 and 120 km.</li></ul></li> <li>1 Gbit/s for copper twisted-pair cabling, <a href="/facts/RJ45_(telecommunications)/FJIzzlpD">8P8C</a> (RJ-45) connector <ul><li><a href="/facts/1000BASE-T/1ItIoV2w">1000BASE-T</a> – these modules incorporate significant interface circuitry for <a href="/facts/Physical_Coding_Sublayer/6rRuuacv">Physical Coding Sublayer</a> recoding<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> and can be used only for <a href="/facts/Gigabit_Ethernet/1ItIoV2w">gigabit Ethernet</a> because of the specific line code. They are not compatible with (or rather: do not have equivalents for) <a href="/facts/Fibre_Channel/C7C0yreb">Fibre Channel</a> or SONET. Unlike most non-SFP, copper 1000BASE-T ports integrated into most routers and switches, 1000BASE-T SFPs usually cannot operate at <a href="/facts/100BASE-TX/YM5HjX0C">100BASE-TX</a> speeds.</li></ul></li> <li>100 Mbit/s copper and optical – some vendors have shipped 100 Mbit/s limited SFPs for <a href="/facts/Fiber-to-the-home/YaokmYnc">fiber-to-the-home</a> applications and drop-in replacement of legacy <a href="/facts/100BASE-FX/YM5HjX0C">100BASE-FX</a> circuits. These are relatively uncommon and can be easily confused with 100 Mbit/s SFPs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li>Although it is not mentioned in any official specification document the maximum data rate of the original SFP standard is 5 Gbit/s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> This was eventually used by both 4GFC Fibre Channel and the DDR Infiniband especially in its four-lane QSFP form.</li> <li>In recent years,[<i>when?</i>] SFP transceivers have been created that will allow <a href="/facts/2.5GBASE-T_and_5GBASE-T/REWNhYIf">2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s Ethernet</a> speeds with SFPs with 2.5GBASE-T<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> and 5GBASE-T.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>10 Gbit/s SFP+</h3> <p>The SFP+ (enhanced small form-factor pluggable) is an enhanced version of the SFP that supports data rates up to 16 <a href="/facts/Gbit%2fs/Nv9VoT7T">Gbit/s</a>. The SFP+ specification was first published on May 9, 2006, and version 4.1 was published on July 6, 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> SFP+ supports 8 Gbit/s <a href="/facts/Fibre_Channel/C7C0yreb">Fibre Channel</a>, <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a> and <a href="/facts/Optical_Transport_Network/TqbwS9uS">Optical Transport Network</a> standard OTU2. It is a popular industry format supported by many network component vendors. Although the SFP+ standard does not include mention of 16 Gbit/s Fibre Channel, it can be used at this speed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> Besides the data rate, the major difference between 8 and 16 Gbit/s Fibre Channel is the encoding method. The <a href="/facts/64b%2f66b_encoding/BB0718Mq">64b/66b encoding</a> used for 16 Gbit/s is a more efficient encoding mechanism than <a href="/facts/8b%2f10b_encoding/bxnMBwaC">8b/10b</a> used for 8 Gbit/s, and allows for the data rate to double without doubling the line rate. 16GFC doesn't really use 16 Gbit/s signaling anywhere. It uses a 14.025 Gbit/s line rate to achieve twice the throughput of 8GFC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p><p>SFP+ also introduces <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">direct attach</a> for connecting two SFP+ ports without dedicated transceivers. Direct attach cables (DAC) exist in passive (up to 7 m), active (up to 15 m), and active optical (AOC, up to 100 m) variants. </p><p>10 Gbit/s SFP+ modules are exactly the same dimensions as regular SFPs, allowing the equipment manufacturer to re-use existing physical designs for 24 and 48-port switches and modular <a href="/facts/Line_card/0DvMWFhf">line cards</a>. In comparison to earlier <a href="/facts/XENPAK/1IMDqn9M">XENPAK</a> or <a href="/facts/XFP/743mGJ3o">XFP</a> modules, SFP+ modules leave more circuitry to be implemented on the host board instead of inside the module.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Through the use of an active electronic adapter, SFP+ modules may be used in older equipment with <a href="/facts/XENPAK/1IMDqn9M">XENPAK</a> ports <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/X2_transceiver/uGTBduTx">X2</a> ports.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p>SFP+ modules can be described as <i>limiting</i> or <i>linear</i> types; this describes the functionality of the inbuilt electronics. Limiting SFP+ modules include a signal amplifier to re-shape the (degraded) received signal whereas linear ones do not. Linear modules are mainly used with the low bandwidth standards such as <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">10GBASE-LRM</a>; otherwise, limiting modules are preferred.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p> <h3>25 Gbit/s SFP28</h3> <p>SFP28 is a 25 Gbit/s interface which evolved from the <a href="/facts/100_Gigabit_Ethernet/DRV0aeNu">100 Gigabit Ethernet</a> interface which is typically implemented with 4 by 25 Gbit/s data lanes. Identical in mechanical dimensions to SFP and SFP+, SFP28 implements one 28 Gbit/s lane<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> accommodating 25 Gbit/s of data with encoding overhead.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> </p><p>SFP28 modules exist supporting single-<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> or multi-mode<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> fiber connections, active optical cable<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> and direct attach copper.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> </p> <h3>cSFP</h3> <p>The compact small form-factor pluggable (cSFP) is a version of SFP with the same mechanical form factor allowing two independent bidirectional channels per port. It is used primarily to increase port density and decrease fiber usage per port.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> </p> <h3>SFP-DD</h3> <p>The small form-factor pluggable double density (SFP-DD) multi-source agreement is a standard published in 2019 for doubling port density. According to the SFD-DD MSA website: "Network equipment based on the SFP-DD will support legacy SFP modules and cables, and new double density products."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> SFP-DD uses two lanes to transmit. </p><p>Currently, the following speeds are defined: </p> <ul><li>SFP112: 100 Gbit/s using PAM4 on a single pair (not double density)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li>SFP-DD: 100 Gbit/s using PAM4 and 50 Gbit/s using NRZ<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li>SFP-DD112: 200 Gbit/s using PAM4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li>QSFP112: 400 Gbit/s (4 × 112 Gbit/s)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li>QSFP-DD: 400 Gbit/s/200 Gbit/s (8 × 50 Gbit/s and 8 × 25 Gbit/s)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li>QSFP-DD800 (formerly QSFP-DD112): 800 Gbit/s (8 × 112 Gbit/s)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li> <li>QSFP-DD1600 (Draft) 1.6 Tbit/s<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="qsfp">QSFP</h2> <p><i>Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable</i> (<i>QSFP</i>) transceivers are available with a variety of transmitter and receiver types, allowing users to select the appropriate transceiver for each link to provide the required <i>optical reach</i> over <a href="/facts/Multi-mode_fiber/tgSR57m6">multi-mode</a> or <a href="/facts/Single-mode_fiber/tVgBIPLp">single-mode fiber</a>. </p> 4 Gbit/s The original QSFP document specified four channels carrying <a href="/facts/Gigabit_Ethernet/1ItIoV2w">Gigabit Ethernet</a>, 4GFC (<a href="/facts/FiberChannel/C7C0yreb">FiberChannel</a>), or DDR <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> 40 Gbit/s (QSFP+) QSFP+ is an evolution of QSFP to support four 10 Gbit/s channels carrying <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a>, 10GFC <a href="/facts/FiberChannel/C7C0yreb">FiberChannel</a>, or QDR <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> The 4 channels can also be combined into a single <a href="/facts/40_Gigabit_Ethernet/DRV0aeNu">40 Gigabit Ethernet</a> link. 50 Gbit/s (QSFP14) The QSFP14 standard is designed to carry FDR <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a>, <a href="/facts/Serial_Attached_SCSI/ekU6NmqQ">SAS-3</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> or 16G Fibre Channel. 100 Gbit/s (QSFP28) The QSFP28 standard<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> is designed to carry <a href="/facts/100_Gigabit_Ethernet/DRV0aeNu">100 Gigabit Ethernet</a>, EDR <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a>, or 32G Fibre Channel. Sometimes this transceiver type is also referred to as <i>QSFP100</i> or <i>100G QSFP</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a> for sake of simplicity. 200 Gbit/s (QSFP56) QSFP56 is designed to carry <a href="/facts/200_Gigabit_Ethernet/Jt5Cud16">200 Gigabit Ethernet</a>, HDR <a href="/facts/InfiniBand/6CUz47wQ">InfiniBand</a>, or 64G Fibre Channel. The biggest enhancement is that QSFP56 uses four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (<a href="/facts/PAM-4/Y30VmMJI">PAM-4</a>) instead of <a href="/facts/Non-return-to-zero/8f3cfm9r">non-return-to-zero</a> (NRZ). It uses the same physical specifications as QSFP28 (SFF-8665), with electrical specifications from SFF-8024<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> and revision 2.10a of SFF-8636.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> Sometimes this transceiver type is referred to as <i>200G QSFP</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> for sake of simplicity. <p>Switch and router manufacturers implementing QSFP+ ports in their products frequently allow for the use of a single QSFP+ port as four independent <a href="/facts/10_Gigabit_Ethernet/FvxUohpf">10 Gigabit Ethernet</a> connections, greatly increasing port density. For example, a typical 24-port QSFP+ <a href="/facts/19-inch_rack/yFvLAnBg">1U</a> switch would be able to service 96x10GbE connections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> There also exist fanout cables to adapt a single QSFP28 port to four independent <a href="/facts/25_Gigabit_Ethernet/gC1zRmPk">25 Gigabit Ethernet</a> SFP28 ports (QSFP28-to-4×SFP28)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> as well as cables to adapt a single QSFP56 port to four independent <a href="/facts/50_Gigabit_Ethernet/gC1zRmPk">50 Gigabit Ethernet</a> SFP56 ports (QSFP56-to-4×SFP56).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="applications">Applications</h2> <p>SFP sockets are found in <a href="/facts/Ethernet_switch/CnvmhNYT">Ethernet switches</a>, routers, firewalls and <a href="/facts/Network_interface_card/wyf5FR29">network interface cards</a>. They are used in Fibre Channel <a href="/facts/Host_adapter/nQbbDHF2">host adapters</a> and storage equipment. Because of their low cost, low profile, and ability to provide a connection to different types of optical fiber, SFP provides such equipment with enhanced flexibility. </p><p>SFP sockets and transceivers are also used for long-distance <a href="/facts/Serial_digital_interface/T9VlXM56">serial digital interface</a> (SDI) transmission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="standardization">Standardization</h2> <p>The SFP transceiver is not standardized by any official standards body, but rather is specified by a <a href="/facts/Multi-source_agreement/W5oBIfzI">multi-source agreement</a> (MSA) among competing manufacturers. The SFP was designed after the <a href="/facts/GBIC/x4oAvlDA">GBIC</a> interface, and allows greater <i>port density</i> (number of transceivers per given area) than the GBIC, which is why SFP is also known as mini-GBIC. </p><p>However, as a practical matter, some networking equipment manufacturers engage in <a href="/facts/Vendor_lock-in/BLndHDVl">vendor lock-in</a> practices whereby they deliberately break compatibility with <i>generic</i> SFPs by adding a check in the device's <a href="/facts/Firmware/62UVKIUK">firmware</a> that will enable only the vendor's own modules.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Third-party SFP manufacturers have introduced SFPs with EEPROMs which may be programmed to match any vendor ID.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="color-coding-of-sfp">Color coding of SFP</h2> <h3>Color coding of SFP</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Color</th><th>Standard</th><th>Media</th><th>Wavelength</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><p>Black</p></td><td>INF-8074</td><td>Multimode</td><td>850 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beige</td><td>INF-8074</td><td>Multimode</td><td>850 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>Black</p></td><td>INF-8074</td><td>Multimode</td><td>1300 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><p>Blue</p></td><td>INF-8074</td><td>Singlemode</td><td>1310 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red</td><td><i>proprietary(non SFF)</i></td><td>Singlemode</td><td>1310 nm</td><td>Used on 25GBASE-ER<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td><i>proprietary(non SFF)</i></td><td>Singlemode</td><td>1550 nm</td><td>Used on 100BASE-ZE</td></tr><tr><td>Red</td><td><i>proprietary(non SFF)</i></td><td>Singlemode</td><td>1550 nm</td><td>Used on 10GBASE-ER</td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td><i>proprietary(non SFF)</i></td><td>Singlemode</td><td>1550 nm</td><td>Used on 10GBASE-ZR</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Color coding of CWDM SFP <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Color</th><th>Standard</th><th>Wavelength</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>Grey</td><td></td><td>1270 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grey</td><td></td><td>1290 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grey</td><td></td><td>1310 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Violet</td><td></td><td>1330 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td></td><td>1350 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td></td><td>1370 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td></td><td>1390 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Orange</td><td></td><td>1410 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red</td><td></td><td>1430 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td></td><td>1450 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Grey</td><td></td><td>1470 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Violet</td><td></td><td>1490 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td></td><td>1510 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Green</td><td></td><td>1530 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Yellow</td><td></td><td>1550 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Orange</td><td></td><td>1570 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Red</td><td></td><td>1590 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brown</td><td></td><td>1610 nm</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Color coding of BiDi SFP</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Standard</th><th>Side A Color TX</th><th>Side A wavelength TX</th><th>Side B Color TX</th><th>Side B wavelength TX</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>1000BASE-BX</td><td></td><td>Blue</td><td>1310 nm</td><td>Purple</td><td>1490 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1000BASE-BX</td><td></td><td>Blue</td><td>1310 nm</td><td>Yellow</td><td>1550 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10GBASE-BX 25GBASE-BX</td><td></td><td>Blue</td><td>1270 nm</td><td>Red</td><td>1330 nm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10GBASE-BX</td><td></td><td>White</td><td>1490 nm</td><td>White</td><td>1550 nm</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Color coding of QSFP</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Color</th><th>Standard</th><th>Wavelength</th><th>Multiplexing</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>Beige</td><td>INF-8438</td><td>850 nm</td><td>No</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Blue</td><td>INF-8438</td><td>1310 nm</td><td>No</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>White</td><td>INF-8438</td><td>1550 nm</td><td>No</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="signals">Signals</h2> <p>SFP transceivers are <i>right-handed</i>: From their perspective, they transmit on the right and receive on the left. When looking into the optical connectors, transmission comes from the left and reception is on the right.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a> </p><p>The SFP transceiver contains a <a href="/facts/Printed_circuit_board/muSR2p43">printed circuit board</a> with an <a href="/facts/Edge_connector/AXBbRgIV">edge connector</a> with 20 pads that mate on the rear with the SFP electrical connector in the host system. The QSFP has 38 pads including 4 high-speed transmit data pairs and 4 high-speed receive data pairs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a> </p> SFP electrical pin-out<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th>Pad</th><th>Name</th><th>Function</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>VeeT</td><td>Transmitter ground</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Tx_Fault</td><td>Transmitter fault indication</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Tx_Disable</td><td>Optical output disabled when high</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>SDA</td><td>2-wire serial interface data line (using the <a href="/facts/CMOS/7g2EwHGA">CMOS</a> <a href="/facts/EEPROM/0yAMFY0I">EEPROM</a> protocol defined for the <a href="/facts/ATMEL/kIDF6tmA">ATMEL</a> AT24C01A/02/04 family<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a>)</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>SCL</td><td>2-wire serial interface clock</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Mod_ABS</td><td>Module absent, connection to VeeT or VeeR in the module indicates module presence to host</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>RS0</td><td>Rate select 0</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>Rx_LOS</td><td>Receiver loss of signal indication</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>RS1</td><td>Rate select 1</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>VeeR</td><td>Receiver ground</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>VeeR</td><td>Receiver ground</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>RD-</td><td>Inverted received data</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>RD+</td><td>Received data</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>VeeR</td><td>Receiver ground</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>VccR</td><td>Receiver power (3.3 V, max. 300 mA)</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>VccT</td><td>Transmitter power (3.3 V, max. 300 mA)</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>VeeT</td><td>Transmitter ground</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>TD+</td><td>Transmit data</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>TD-</td><td>Inverted transmit data</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>VeeT</td><td>Transmitter ground</td></tr></tbody></table> QSFP electrical pin-out<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th>Pad</th><th>Name</th><th>Function</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>Tx2n</td><td>Transmitter inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Tx2p</td><td>Transmitter non-inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Tx4n</td><td>Transmitter inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Tx4p</td><td>Transmitter non-inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>ModSelL</td><td>Module select</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>ResetL</td><td>Module reset</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Vcc-Rx</td><td>+3.3 V receiver power supply</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>SCL</td><td>Two-wire serial interface clock</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>SDA</td><td>Two-wire serial interface data</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Rx3p</td><td>Receiver non-inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>Rx3n</td><td>Receiver inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Rx1p</td><td>Receiver non-inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Rx1n</td><td>Receiver inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Rx2n</td><td>Receiver inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Rx2p</td><td>Receiver non-inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Rx4n</td><td>Receiver inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Rx4p</td><td>Receiver non-inverted data output</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>ModPrsL</td><td>Module present</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>IntL</td><td>Interrupt</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Vcc-Tx</td><td>+3.3 V transmitter power supply</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Vcc1</td><td>+3.3 V power supply</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>LPMode</td><td>Low power mode</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>Tx3p</td><td>Transmitter non-inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Tx3n</td><td>Transmitter inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Tx1p</td><td>Transmitter non-inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Tx1n</td><td>Transmitter inverted data input</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>GND</td><td>Ground</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="mechanical-dimensions">Mechanical dimensions</h2> <p>The physical dimensions of the SFP transceiver (and its subsequent faster variants) are narrower than the later QSFP counterparts, which allows for SFP transceivers to be placed in QSFP ports via an inexpensive adapter. Both are smaller than the <a href="/facts/XFP_transceiver/743mGJ3o">XFP transceiver</a>. </p> Dimensions<table><tbody><tr><th rowspan="2"></th><th colspan="2">SFP<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></th><th colspan="2">QSFP<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></th><th colspan="2">XFP<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></th></tr><tr><th>mm</th><th>in</th><th>mm</th><th>in</th><th>mm</th><th>in</th></tr><tr><th>Height</th><td>8.5</td><td>0.33</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.33</td><td>8.5</td><td>0.33</td></tr><tr><th>Width</th><td>13.4</td><td>0.53</td><td>18.35</td><td>0.722</td><td>18.35</td><td>0.722</td></tr><tr><th>Depth</th><td>56.5</td><td>2.22</td><td>72.4</td><td>2.85</td><td>78.0</td><td>3.07</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="eeprom-information">EEPROM information</h2> <p>The SFP MSA defines a 256-byte memory map into an EEPROM describing the transceiver's capabilities, standard interfaces, manufacturer, and other information, which is accessible over a serial <a href="/facts/I%25C2%25B2C/dKBBhs4U">I²C</a> interface at the 8-bit address 0b1010000X (0xA0).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="digital-diagnostics-monitoring">Digital diagnostics monitoring</h2> <p>Modern optical SFP transceivers support standard digital diagnostics monitoring (DDM) functions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a> This feature is also known as digital optical monitoring (DOM). This capability allows monitoring of the SFP operating parameters in real time. Parameters include optical output power, optical input power, temperature, laser bias current, and transceiver supply voltage. In network equipment, this information is typically made available via <a href="/facts/Simple_Network_Management_Protocol/UNYPVA1C">Simple Network Management Protocol</a> (SNMP). A DDM interface allows end users to display diagnostics data and alarms for optical fiber transceivers and can be used to diagnose why a transceiver is not working. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Interconnect_bottleneck/FtyoKHtA">Interconnect bottleneck</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Optical_communication/gshoNBto">Optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Parallel_optical_interface/Ga3UzYAR">Parallel optical interface</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/C_form-factor_pluggable/FkLQRrqR">C form-factor pluggable</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Small Form-factor Pluggable. <ul><li><a href="https://www.snia.org/sff">SNIA SFF Technology Affiliate Technical Work Group</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"SFP Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia". www.pcmag.com. Retrieved May 10, 2018. <a href="https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/64582/sfp" target="_blank">https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/64582/sfp</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>SFF Committee (May 12, 2001), INF-8074i Specification for SFP (Small Formfactor Pluggable) Transceiver, retrieved April 30, 2020 <a href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26184" target="_blank">https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26184</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Cisco MGBSX1 Gigabit SX Mini-GBIC SFP Transceiver". Retrieved March 25, 2018. <a href="https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/interfaces-modules/mgbsx1-gigabit-sx-mini-gbic-sfp-transceiver/model.html" target="_blank">https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/interfaces-modules/mgbsx1-gigabit-sx-mini-gbic-sfp-transceiver/model.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"4G Fibre Channel SFP". Flexoptix GmbH. Retrieved October 5, 2019. <a href="https://www.flexoptix.net/en/transceiver/sfp-singlemode-transceiver-4g-fc-sm-1310nm-5km-10db-ddm-dom.html?co3101=18397" target="_blank">https://www.flexoptix.net/en/transceiver/sfp-singlemode-transceiver-4g-fc-sm-1310nm-5km-10db-ddm-dom.html?co3101=18397</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"DRAFT SFF-8402 CB". SNIA Members. Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA). December 2, 2022. Retrieved September 24, 2024. <a href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/35505" target="_blank">https://members.snia.org/document/dl/35505</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"SFF-8402: SFP+ 1X 28 Gb/s Pluggable Transceiver Solution (SFP28)". 1.9. SNIA SFF Committee. September 13, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2019. <a href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25869" target="_blank">https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25869</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"SFF-8665: QSFP+ 28 Gb/s 4X Pluggable Transceiver Solution (QSFP28)". 1.9. SNIA SFF Committee. June 29, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2019. <a href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25963" target="_blank">https://members.snia.org/document/dl/25963</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Management Interface for 4-lane Modules and Cables". SFF-8636 (Rev 2.10a ed.). SNIA SFF Committee. September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019. <a href="https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26418" target="_blank">https://members.snia.org/document/dl/26418</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Mellanox Quantum 8700 40 port QSFP56 Product Brief" (PDF). <a href="http://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_ib_switch_systems/PB_QM8700.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.mellanox.com/related-docs/prod_ib_switch_systems/PB_QM8700.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"SFP-DD MSA". <a href="http://sfp-dd.com/" target="_blank">http://sfp-dd.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"QSFP-DD MSA". <a href="http://www.qsfp-dd.com/" target="_blank">http://www.qsfp-dd.com/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Lightwave Online news article re: 400Gb". November 18, 2016. <a href="http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2016/11/osfp-msa-targets-400-gbps-optical-transceiver-module.html" target="_blank">http://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2016/11/osfp-msa-targets-400-gbps-optical-transceiver-module.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Backward Compatibility: QSFP-DD/QSFP28/QSFP+/SFP+". Derek. Retrieved July 21, 2022. <a href="https://www.qsfptek.com/article/backward-compatibility-qsfp-dd-qsfp28-qsfp-sfp" target="_blank">https://www.qsfptek.com/article/backward-compatibility-qsfp-dd-qsfp28-qsfp-sfp</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Introduction - NVIDIA QM97X0 NDR SWITCH SYSTEMS USER MANUAL - NVIDIA Networking Docs". docs.nvidia.com. 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