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<h2 id="xopen-portability-guide">X/Open Portability Guide</h2> <p>X/Open published its specifications under the name X/Open Portability Guide (or XPG). Based on the AT&T <a href="/facts/System_V_Interface_Definition/kwaLtGq8">System V Interface Definition</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> the guide has a wider scope than <a href="/facts/POSIX/mQkSt234">POSIX</a>, which is only concerned with direct operating system interfaces. The guide specifies a <i>Common Application Environment</i> (CAE) intended to allow portability of applications across operating systems. The primary aim was compatibility between different vendors' implementations of <a href="/facts/UNIX/0pNL2seI">UNIX</a>, though some vendors also implemented the standards on non-UNIX platforms. </p><p>Issue 1 of the guide covered basic operating system interfaces, the C language, COBOL, indexed sequential file access method (ISAM) and other parts<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> and was published in 1985.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> Issue 2 followed in 1987,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> and extended the coverage to include Internationalization, Terminal Interfaces, Inter-Process Communication, and the programming languages <a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a>, <a href="/facts/COBOL/wVnhqs0k">COBOL</a>, <a href="/facts/Fortran/m1KqjcMU">FORTRAN</a>, and <a href="/facts/Pascal_(programming_language)/b3yvp8bF">Pascal</a>, as well as data access interfaces for SQL and ISAM.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> In many cases these were profiles of existing international standards. Issue 3 (XPG3) followed in 1989,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> its primary focus being convergence with the <a href="/facts/POSIX/mQkSt234">POSIX</a> operating system specifications; it added Window Manager, ADA Language and more.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> Issue 4 (XPG4) was published in July 1992. The <a href="/facts/Single_UNIX_Specification/w1ba5bDt">Single UNIX Specification</a> was based on the XPG4 standard. The XPG3 and XPG4 standards define all aspects of the operating system, programming languages and protocols which compliant systems should have. </p><p>Multiple levels of compliance and corresponding labels were available, depending on the scope of the guide that was covered: Base and Plus; labels Component and Application are for SW components and applications that make use of the portability guide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p><p>Issue 1 was published as a single publication with multiple parts, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-87839-4. </p><p>Issue 2 was published in multiple volumes: </p> <ul><li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: System V Specification Commands and Utilities, 1987, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-70174-5</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 2: System V Specification System Calls and Libraries, 1987, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-70175-3</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 3: System V Specification Supplementary Definitions, 1987, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-70176-1</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1987, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-70179-6</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1987, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-444-70178-8</li></ul> <p>Issue 3 was published in multiple volumes: </p> <ul><li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 1: XSI Commands and Utilities, 1989, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685835-X</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 2: XSI System Interface and Headers, 1989, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685843-0</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 3: XSI Supplementary Definitions, 1989, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685850-3</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 4: Programming Languages, 1988, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685868-6</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 5: Data Management, 1988, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685876-7</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 6: Window Management, 1988, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685884-8</li> <li>X/Open Portability Guide Volume 7: Networking Services, 1988, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-13-685892-9</li></ul> <p>The XPG4 Base specification includes the following documents: </p> <ul><li>System Interfaces and Headers (XSH), Issue 4, 1992, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-872630-47-2, C202</li> <li>Commands and Utilities (XCU), Issue 4, 1992, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-872630-48-0, C203</li> <li>System Interface Definitions (XBD), Issue 4, 1992, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-872630-46-4, C204</li></ul> <p>The above three documents were published not under the label <i>X/Open Portability Guide</i> but rather as <i>CAE Specification</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> Nonetheless, the term <i>X/Open Portability Guide, Issue 4</i> sees some use in reference to 1992 year of publication.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>Further X/Open publications under the label <i>X/Open CAE Specification</i> rather than <i>X/Open Portability Guide</i>: </p> <ul><li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification, December 1991, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-872630-24-3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li>Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP), October 1993, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-018-0<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li>X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call, August 1994, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-041-5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-036-9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li>System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-037-7<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li>Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2, September 1994, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-034-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li>Networking Services, Issue 4, September 1994, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-049-0<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li>Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI), March 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-081-4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li>File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8), March 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-082-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification, April 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-094-6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li>X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25), November 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-136-5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification, November 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-115-2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification, November 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-130-6<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2, November 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-135-7<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, 1995, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781859120774<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2, 1996, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-171-3<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li>Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2, March 1996, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-85912-151-9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>And more.</li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Joint_Inter-Domain_Management/Fcz4taqA">Joint Inter-Domain Management</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Keld Jørn Simonsen. <a href="https://groups.google.com/group/net.usenix/msg/638f079a0dad4802?dmode=source&output=gplain&noredirect">"EUUG 1985 Copenhagen Conference Technical Programme"</a>. <a href="/facts/Usenet_newsgroup/282rotmp">Newsgroup</a>: <a href="news:net.usenix">net.usenix</a>. <a href="/facts/Usenet_(identifier)/lYJWFBR6">Usenet:</a> <a href="news:1120@diku.UUCP">1120@diku.UUCP</a>. - Mentions X/Open; lists members and its efforts to define "a new standard interface to UNIX".</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. The X/OPEN group and the common application environment. ICL Technical Journal Vol 5(4) pp. 665–679, 1987.</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. X/Open - from Strength to Strength. ICL Technical Journal, Vol 7(3) pp. 565–583, 1991</li> <li>C. B. Taylor. X/Open and Open Systems. X/Open Company Limited, 1992. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-872630-55-3</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.opengroup.org">The Open Group</a>, opengroup.org—resulted from merger of X/Open Company and Open Software Foundation</li> <li><a href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix.html">What is UNIX?</a>, unix.org</li> <li><a href="https://bitsavers.computerhistory.org/pdf/xOpen/X_Open_Portability_Guide_1985/">X/Open Portability Guide</a>, issue 1, 1985</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kornel, Amiel (3 February 1986). "Unix advancing in drive toward European market acceptance". Computerworld. p. 51. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UE1HODexHKoC&pg=PA51" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UE1HODexHKoC&pg=PA51</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Sandholtz, Wayne (1992). "Spinoffs". High-Tech Europe: The Politics of International Cooperation. University of California Press. <a href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft609nb394;chunk.id=d0e14228;doc.view=print" target="_blank">https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft609nb394;chunk.id=d0e14228;doc.view=print</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11". Groklaw. 2 June 2005. <a href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588" target="_blank">http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>McKinnon, Linda; McKinnon, Al (2004). Installing and Administering Linux. John Wiley & Sons. p. 5. ISBN 9780471453994. <a href="9780471453994" target="_blank">9780471453994</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11". Groklaw. 2 June 2005. <a href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588" target="_blank">http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"The UNIX System -- History and Timeline -- UNIX History". unix.org. <a href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html" target="_blank">https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Tottenham, John (August 1987). "X/OPEN - What, Who, Why, When". Australian Unix systems User Group Newsletter. Vol. 8, no. 3–4. p. 158. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM74Ipd3cAC&pg=PA158" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM74Ipd3cAC&pg=PA158</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Tottenham, John (August 1987). "X/OPEN - What, Who, Why, When". Australian Unix systems User Group Newsletter. Vol. 8, no. 3–4. p. 158. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM74Ipd3cAC&pg=PA158" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UdM74Ipd3cAC&pg=PA158</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11". Groklaw. 2 June 2005. <a href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588" target="_blank">http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>McKinnon, Linda; McKinnon, Al (2004). Installing and Administering Linux. John Wiley & Sons. p. 5. ISBN 9780471453994. <a href="9780471453994" target="_blank">9780471453994</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Ackerman Jr., Robert (March 21, 1988). "X/Open Makes Bid for Common Applications Environment". InfoWorld. Vol. 10, no. 12. p. S9. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9j4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41-IA12" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=9j4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41-IA12</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Pasquali, Virgilio (Summer 2005). "ICL and Europe". Resurrection: The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society (35). ISSN 0958-7403. Contains more on history of X/Open. <a href="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res35.htm#g" target="_blank">http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res35.htm#g</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Karish, Chuck (October 12, 1993). "The name "UNIX" is now the property of X/Open". Newsgroup: comp.std.unix. <a href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.std.unix/c/Jblvq9RejzI/m/-IQoAvBMl8kJ" target="_blank">https://groups.google.com/g/comp.std.unix/c/Jblvq9RejzI/m/-IQoAvBMl8kJ</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Frequently Asked Questions". unix.org. <a href="https://unix.org/questions_answers/faq.html" target="_blank">https://unix.org/questions_answers/faq.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"The Single UNIX Specification". unix.org. <a href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix/single_unix_specification.html" target="_blank">https://unix.org/what_is_unix/single_unix_specification.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"The UNIX System -- History and Timeline -- UNIX History". unix.org. <a href="https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html" target="_blank">https://unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"The Daemon, the GNU and the Penguin, Excursus: UUNET & Ch. 11". Groklaw. 2 June 2005. <a href="http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588" target="_blank">http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050601125916588</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Kleppmann, Martin (April 2, 2017). Designing Data-Intensive Applications (1 ed.). O'Reilly Media. p. 361. ISBN 978-1449373320. <a href="978-1449373320" target="_blank">978-1449373320</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Libes, Don; Ressler, Sandy (1989). Life With UNIX: A Guide For Everyone. Prentice Hall. p. 74. Bibcode:1989lwug.book.....L. ISBN 978-0135366578. <a href="978-0135366578" target="_blank">978-0135366578</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>X/Open Portability Guide, issue 1. Elsevier. July 1985. ISBN 0444878394. <a href="0444878394" target="_blank">0444878394</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Referenced Documents. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html" target="_blank">https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Referenced Documents. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html" target="_blank">https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Marshall, Martin (September 19, 1988). "X/Open Verification Branding Is Established". InfoWorld. Vol. 10, no. 38. p. 42. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mDoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=mDoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Referenced Documents. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html" target="_blank">https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Marshall, Martin (May 29, 1989). "X/Open Seeks Accord Between OSF, UII, Japan". InfoWorld. Vol. 11, no. 22. p. 41. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=njAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT40" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=njAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT40</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Cox, John (September 19, 1988). "X/Open to make mark". Network World. Vol. 5, no. 38. p. 59. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JhMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=JhMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA59</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Referenced Documents. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) <a href="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html" target="_blank">https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/frontmatter/refdocs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Standards Conformance Guide (PDF). Sun Microsystems. November 1995. <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19641-01/802-1953/802-1953.pdf" target="_blank">https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19641-01/802-1953/802-1953.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Seebach, Peter (2010). Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional. Apress. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-4302-1044-3. <a href="978-1-4302-1044-3" target="_blank">978-1-4302-1044-3</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XA Specification (PDF). X/Open Company. December 1991. ISBN 1-872630-24-3. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-872630-24-3" target="_blank">1-872630-24-3</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Systems Management: Management Protocol Profiles (XMPP) (PDF). X/Open Company. October 1993. ISBN 1-85912-018-0. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-018-0" target="_blank">1-85912-018-0</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>X/Open DCE: Remote Procedure Call (PDF). X/Open Company. August 1994. ISBN 1-85912-041-5. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-041-5" target="_blank">1-85912-041-5</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>X/Open CAE Specification System Interface Definitions, Issue 4, Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. September 1994. ISBN 1-85912-036-9. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-036-9" target="_blank">1-85912-036-9</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>X/Open CAE Specification System Interfaces and Headers, Issue 4, Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. September 1994. ISBN 1-85912-037-7. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-037-7" target="_blank">1-85912-037-7</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>X/Open CAE Specification Commands and Utilities, Issue 4, Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. September 1994. ISBN 1-85912-034-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-034-2" target="_blank">1-85912-034-2</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>X/Open CAE Specification Networking Services, Issue 4 (PDF). X/Open Company. September 1994. ISBN 1-85912-049-0. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-049-0" target="_blank">1-85912-049-0</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Data Management:SQL Call Level Interface (CLI) (PDF). X/Open Company. March 1995. ISBN 1-85912-081-4. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-081-4" target="_blank">1-85912-081-4</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>File System Safe UCS Transformation Format (UTF-8) (PDF). X/Open Company. March 1995. ISBN 1-85912-082-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-082-2" target="_blank">1-85912-082-2</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TX (Transaction Demarcation) Specification (PDF). X/Open Company. April 1995. ISBN 1-85912-094-6. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-094-6" target="_blank">1-85912-094-6</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>X.25 Programming Interface using XTI (XX25) (PDF). X/Open Company. November 1995. ISBN 1-85912-136-5. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-136-5" target="_blank">1-85912-136-5</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Distributed Transaction Processing: The TxRPC Specification (PDF). X/Open Company. November 1995. ISBN 1-85912-115-2. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-115-2" target="_blank">1-85912-115-2</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XATMI Specification (PDF). X/Open Company. November 1995. ISBN 1-85912-130-6. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-130-6" target="_blank">1-85912-130-6</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Distributed Transaction Processing: The XCPI-C Specification Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. November 1995. ISBN 1-85912-135-7. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-135-7" target="_blank">1-85912-135-7</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>X/Open Curses, Issue 4. X/Open Company. 1995. ISBN 9781859120774. <a href="9781859120774" target="_blank">9781859120774</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>X/Open Curses, Issue 4, Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. 1996. ISBN 1-85912-171-3. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-171-3" target="_blank">1-85912-171-3</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Data Management: Structured Query Language (SQL) Version 2 (PDF). X/Open Company. March 1996. ISBN 1-85912-151-9. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help) <a href="1-85912-151-9" target="_blank">1-85912-151-9</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>