Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Or Qapi
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The Or Qapi fort was built in the 15th century by <a href="/facts/Mengli_Girai/Q5vmeDwe">Mengli Girai</a> and his son <a href="/facts/Sahib_I_Giray/QnQBg4tj">Sahib I Giray</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> Or Qapi Fortress used to be of great military importance as the key to the <a href="/facts/Crimean_Khanate/JPtgG0dx">Crimean Khanate</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/facts/Russo-Turkish_War/bzagTz56">Russo-Turkish War</a> (1735–1739), the Russian field marshal Burkhard Christoph von Munnich <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Perekop_(1736)/3QXJNHGy">successfully stormed the fortifications</a> on June 17, 1736, and left the Tatar fortress in ruins. In 1738, it was taken again by Russian General Lacy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> This was a serious, if not mortal, blow to the independence of the Crimean Khanate. In 1754, it was rebuilt by <a href="/facts/Qirim_Giray/YbJlr54C">Qirim Giray</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> In 1771, the fortress was captured decisively by Russian General Dolgorukov.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>During the <a href="/facts/Second_World_War/2efV5L1U">Second World War</a>, it repeatedly changed ownership between <a href="/facts/The_Third_Reich/8kRbqRpo">Germany</a> and <a href="/facts/USSR/m7wWsPto">USSR</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Orkapı". Vatan KIRIM (in Turkish). 30 January 2018. <a href="https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/" target="_blank">https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Aykol, Ufuk (2019). Müstakil Kırım Hanlığı (PDF) (Thesis) (in Turkish). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Retrieved 3 June 2020. <a href="http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/7281/10218407.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y" target="_blank">http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/7281/10218407.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Orkapı". Vatan KIRIM (in Turkish). 30 January 2018. <a href="https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/" target="_blank">https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Orkapı". Vatan KIRIM (in Turkish). 30 January 2018. <a href="https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/" target="_blank">https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Aykol, Ufuk (2019). Müstakil Kırım Hanlığı (PDF) (Thesis) (in Turkish). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Retrieved 3 June 2020. <a href="http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/7281/10218407.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y" target="_blank">http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/7281/10218407.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Orkapı". Vatan KIRIM (in Turkish). 30 January 2018. <a href="https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/" target="_blank">https://www.vatankirim.net/orkapi-528/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>