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Tripartite-class minehunter
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<h2 id="design-and-development">Design and development</h2> <p>A joint venture of the navies of France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, the Tripartite class of <a href="/facts/Minehunter/IbtPtrdL">minehunters</a> were a follow on design to the French Circé-class <a href="/facts/Minehunter/IbtPtrdL">minehunters</a>. All three nations would build their own <a href="/facts/Hull_(watercraft)/hY6LxATt">hulls</a> while each country was responsible for a different aspect of the vessels; France provided the minehunting and electronic systems, the Netherlands provided the main propulsion systems and Belgium supplied the minehunting propulsion system as well as the electrical generating systems. Each country intended to order 15 of the vessels, with Belgium's initial order being 10 with the option of 5 more. However, France cut their initial order to ten due to budgetary reasons.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="ships">Ships</h2> <h3>France</h3> <p>In France the class is known as the <i>Éridan</i> class. Each hull was created from <a href="/facts/Fibreglass/T6MtJ4ep">fibreglass</a>, moulded in a <a href="/facts/Steel/aN6qWo4H">steel</a> shell. The hulls were 51.6 metres (169 ft 3 in) <a href="/facts/Length_overall/YMeByubQ">long overall</a> with a <a href="/facts/Beam_(nautical)/kG7egDLm">beam</a> of 8.9 metres (29 ft 2 in) and a <a href="/facts/Draft_(hull)/MHGIRjC0">draught</a> of 3.8 metres (12 ft 6 in). The ships had a <a href="/facts/Displacement_(ship)/19jbfNuM">standard displacement</a> of 571 <a href="/facts/Tonne/gMymLmWv">tonnes</a> (562 <a href="/facts/Long_ton/5ajqnrGq">long tons</a>) and 605 t (595 long tons) at full load.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> This later increased to 625 t (615 long tons) at full load.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> A 5.1 tonnes (5 long tons) container can be stored aboard the ships for additional supply room. The minehunters had an initial complement of 55,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> this was later reduced to 49.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>The <i>Éridan</i>-class minehunters have two independent propulsion systems. In normal operations the minehunters are powered by a 1,400-<a href="/facts/Kilowatt/VK8oqRrm">kilowatt</a> (1,900 <a href="/facts/Horsepower/jRMwmIxA">bhp</a>) Brons-Werkspoor (later <a href="/facts/W%25C3%25A4rtsil%25C3%25A4/mzkEx1Pj">Wärtsilä</a>) A-RUB 215V-12 <a href="/facts/Diesel_engine/9B9opxvA">diesel engine</a> turning one shaft with a LIPS <a href="/facts/Controllable_pitch_propeller/p5hBvm9y">controllable pitch propeller</a>. Using the conventional system, the minehunters have a maximum speed of 15 <a href="/facts/Knot_(unit)/Sho0TF2y">knots</a> (28 km/h; 17 mph) and a range of 3,000 <a href="/facts/Nautical_mile/V4yJzvKw">nautical miles</a> (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> For use when minehunting the vessels have two 180 kW (240 hp) <a href="/facts/Ateliers_de_Constructions_Electriques_de_Charleroi/74WKgwYu">ACEC</a> active <a href="/facts/Rudder/w675HJUP">rudders</a> and a <a href="/facts/Bow_thruster/vsjaQxXA">bow thruster</a>. These are energised by three Astazou IVB gas turbine alternators rated at 150 kW. A fourth diesel-driven alternator rated at 160 kW supplies power during normal operations. Both systems can be operated from the <a href="/facts/Bridge_(nautical)/976E5bHV">bridge</a> or from a soundproof control centre above the main deck. The maximum speed using the minehunting propulsion system that can be achieved is 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>The minehunters were equipped with DUBM 21B <a href="/facts/Sonar/245ooRW7">sonar</a> that could detect and classify ground and moored mines to a range of 80 metres (260 ft). The sonar was retracted during normal operations. The vessel was also equipped with Racal Decca 1229 <a href="/facts/Radar/jk9BTbFA">radar</a>. The vessels carried two ECA PAP 104 <a href="/facts/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehicle/6BTTBNbk">remotely operated underwater vehicles</a> (ROVs). In 2001, the minesweepers underwent modernisation and the sonar was replaced with the TUS 2022 Mk III type, the radar with the Bridgemaster E250 type and a TSM 2061 combat data system and a Bofors Double Eagle Mk2 ROV were fitted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The <i>Éridan</i> class is armed with one <a href="/facts/20_mm_mod%25C3%25A8le_F2_gun/SMvaogF7">20 mm modèle F2 gun</a> capable of firing 720 rounds per minute to a range of 2 kilometres (1.2 mi). The minehunters also mount one 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine gun and two 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine guns.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The French vessels have limited <a href="/facts/Minesweeping/dbmsqbME">minesweeping</a> ability and were initially only fitted with mechanical sweep gear. In 1985, the <i>Éridan</i> class received AP4 acoustic sweep gear.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>The initial order of ten was constructed for the <a href="/facts/French_Navy/hL9F15Wk">French Navy</a> in the 1980s by the <a href="/facts/Arsenal_de_Lorient/JoBe5FcU">Arsenal de Lorient</a>. After the sale of <i>Sagittaire</i> to Pakistan in 1992, a replacement hull bearing the same name and hull number was constructed. Three Belgian versions of the class were acquired between March and August 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="7"><i>Éridan</i> class construction data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 641</th><td>Éridan</td><td rowspan="11"><a href="/facts/Arsenal_de_Lorient/JoBe5FcU">Arsenal de Lorient</a>, <a href="/facts/Lorient/73FnR25x">Lorient</a>, France</td><td>20 December 1977</td><td>2 February 1979</td><td>16 April 1984</td><td>Decommissioned in 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 642</th><td>Cassiopée</td><td>26 March 1979</td><td>26 September 1981</td><td>5 May 1984</td><td>Decommissioned 1 July 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 643</th><td>Andromède</td><td>6 March 1980</td><td>22 May 1982</td><td>18 October 1984</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 644</th><td>Pégase</td><td>22 December 1980</td><td>23 April 1983</td><td>30 May 1985</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 645</th><td>Orion</td><td>17 August 1981</td><td>6 February 1985</td><td>14 January 1986</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 646</th><td>Croix du Sud</td><td>22 April 1982</td><td>6 February 1985</td><td>14 November 1986</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 647</th><td>Aigle<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td>2 December 1982</td><td>8 March 1986</td><td>1 July 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 648</th><td>Lyre</td><td>13 October 1983</td><td>14 November 1986</td><td>16 December 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 649</th><td>Persée</td><td>30 October 1984</td><td>19 April 1988</td><td>4 November 1988</td><td>Decommissioned in August 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 650</th><td><a href="/facts/PNS_Munsif_(M166)/LJhDJqQ3"><i>Sagittaire</i> (1988)</a></td><td>13 November 1985</td><td>9 November 1988</td><td>28 July 1989</td><td>Sold to Pakistan in 1992, renamed <i>Munsif</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 650</th><td>Sagittaire(1995)</td><td>1 February 1993</td><td>14 January 1995</td><td>2 April 1996</td><td>Replacement for <i>Sagittaire</i> (1988).</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 651</th><td>Verseau</td><td rowspan="3">Béliard Shipyard, <a href="/facts/Ostend/uj37lppN">Ostend</a> and <a href="/facts/Rupelmonde/wD9DNzUp">Rupelmonde</a>, Belgium</td><td>20 May 1986</td><td>21 June 1987</td><td></td><td>Former Belgian <i>Iris</i>, decommissioned in February 2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 652</th><td>Céphée</td><td>28 October 1985</td><td>23 October 1987</td><td></td><td>Former Belgian <i>Fuchsia</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 653</th><td>Capricorne</td><td>17 April 1985</td><td>26 February 1987</td><td></td><td>Former Belgian <i>Dianthus</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Belgium</h3> <p>Originally ten ships were ordered for the <a href="/facts/Belgian_Navy/wmuwvtrY">Belgian Navy</a>, with the option for five more that was never activated. The Polyship consortium was organised to direct the building programme, however the consortium was dissolved, leading to delays in the construction of the minehunters. This led to the vessels being reordered this time from Béliard Shipyard, which constructed the hulls at their yard in <a href="/facts/Ostend/uj37lppN">Ostend</a>, Belgium before completing the minehunters at <a href="/facts/Rupelmonde/wD9DNzUp">Rupelmonde</a>. Differences between the Belgian and French versions of the class include a smaller displacement at 519 tonnes (511 long tons) standard and 574 tonnes (565 long tons) at full load. They are equipped with an Atlas Elektronik IMCMS combat data system. When minehunting, the Belgian vessels carry six divers and can have a portable <a href="/facts/Decompression_chamber/K0uRU4RY">decompression chamber</a> installed abaft the <a href="/facts/Forecastle/VuaUcfoz">forecastle</a> break.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p><p>All vessels in the class are named after flowers and are thus sometimes called the "Flower" or <i>Aster</i> class.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> In 2001 the remaining Belgian minehunters had their engines upgraded. All remaining Belgian vessels have undergone an extensive upgrade during 2004–2008 involving replacement of the anti-mine warfare equipment. This included receiving the same sonar package as the French versions. The complement of the Belgian ships varies between 33 and 46 depending on mission.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p><p>In 1993, three of the vessels (<i>Iris</i>, <i>Fuschia</i> and <i>Dianthus</i>) were <a href="/facts/Paid_off/aPxGm7yB">paid off</a> and laid up until being sold in 1997 to France. <i>Crocus</i> was modified into an ammunition transfer vessel the same year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> <i>Myosotis</i> was converted to an ammunition transport before being taken out of service in 2004 and was sold to Bulgaria in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> Tripartite class construction data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 915</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Aster/Savk55D1"><i>Aster</i></a></td><td rowspan="10">Béliard Shipyard, <a href="/facts/Ostend/uj37lppN">Ostend</a> and <a href="/facts/Rupelmonde/wD9DNzUp">Rupelmonde</a>, Belgium</td><td>24 February 1983</td><td>6 June 1985</td><td>16 December 1985</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 916</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Bellis/4TIco2y4"><i>Bellis</i></a></td><td>15 February 1984</td><td>14 February 1986</td><td>13 August 1986</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 917</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Crocus/BTpoj7L7"><i>Crocus</i></a></td><td>15 October 1984</td><td>5 September 1986</td><td>5 July 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 918</th><td>Dianthus</td><td>17 April 1985</td><td>26 February 1987</td><td>14 August 1987</td><td>Laid up 1993, sold to France 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 919</th><td>Fuschia</td><td>28 October 1985</td><td>23 October 1987</td><td>18 February 1988</td><td>Laid up 1993, sold to France 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 920</th><td>Iris</td><td>20 May 1986</td><td>21 June 1987</td><td>6 October 1988</td><td>Laid up 1993, sold to France 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 921</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Lobelia/bgXMV9NC"><i>Lobelia</i></a></td><td>27 November 1986</td><td>25 February 1988</td><td>8 July 1989</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 922</th><td><a href="/facts/Bulgarian_minehunter_Tsibar/0n69uFro"><i>Myosotis</i></a></td><td>6 July 1987</td><td>4 August 1988</td><td>14 December 1989</td><td>Converted to ammunition transport. Taken out of service in 2004 and sold to Bulgaria in 2009.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 923</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Narcis/qqHCIdeN"><i>Narcis</i></a></td><td>22 February 1988</td><td>30 March 1990</td><td>27 September 1990</td><td>Gifted to Ukraine in 2025, renamed to <i>Mariupol</i>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 924</th><td><a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Primula/NIDzN7Ff"><i>Primula</i></a></td><td>7 November 1988</td><td>17 December 1990</td><td>29 May 1991</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Netherlands</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Alkmaar-class_minehunter/cLjwS8Fk">Alkmaar-class minehunter</a></p> <p>In the <a href="/facts/Royal_Netherlands_Navy/2jttkYgw">Royal Netherlands Navy</a>, the Tripartites are known as the <a href="/facts/Alkmaar-class_minehunter/cLjwS8Fk"><i>Alkmaar</i> class</a>. The <i>Alkmaar</i>s were originally of similar design to the Belgian and French versions, with a standard displacement of 520 tonnes (510 long tons) and 553 tonnes (544 long tons) at full load.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> The displacement later increased to 571 tonnes (562 long tons) standard and 605 tonnes (595 long tons) at full load<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> and then 630 tonnes (620 long tons) standard and 660 tonnes (650 long tons) at full load.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> The 20 mm gun that was initially mounted was removed, leaving only three 12.7 mm machine guns. Beginning in 2003, the remaining Dutch <i>Alkmaar</i>-class minehunters were upgraded with improved electronics, including Atlas Elektronik INCMS combat data system, Thales 2022 Mk III hull-mounted sonar, Atlas Seafox Mine Identification and Disposal System and a Double Eagle Mk III Mod 1 ROV.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p><p>The minehunters were constructed at the Van der Giessen-de-Noord yard in <a href="/facts/Amsterdam/Xdd393bz">Amsterdam</a>, a specially constructed site completed in 1978. <i>Middelburg</i> and <i>Hellevoetsluis</i> were optioned by Egypt, but due to financial issues, were instead completed for the Royal Netherlands Navy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> Two ships of a modified design were built for the <a href="/facts/Indonesian_Navy/vAFUbJw3">Indonesian Navy</a> which led to the delay of <i>Vlaardingen</i> and <i>Willemstad</i>'s construction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> </p><p>In 2000, three ships (<i>Alkmaar</i>, <i>Delfzijl</i> and <i>Dordrecht</i>) were withdrawn from service, followed by two more (<i>Harlingen</i> and <i>Scheveningen</i>) in 2003. All five were sold to Latvia with handovers beginning in 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> Four more ships, (<i>Haarlem</i>, <i>Maassluis</i>, <i>Middelburg</i> and <i>Hellevoetsluis</i>) were <a href="/facts/Ship_decommissioning/aPxGm7yB">decommissioned</a> in 2011 following a series of deep budget cuts to the navy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> Two of them (<i>Maassluis</i> and <i>Hellevoetsluis</i>) were sold to Bulgaria in 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> In 2021 it was indicated that a further two ships would be sold to Pakistan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> <i>Haarlem</i> and <i>Middelburg</i> were transported via a <a href="/facts/Heavy-lift_ship/NmU3rfcm">heavy-lift ship</a> to Pakistan in late 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p><p>As of 2023, the Netherlands is planning to transfer two <i>Alkmaar</i>-class ships to Ukraine in 2025. The vessels would be used to clear mines dropped into the <a href="/facts/Black_Sea/M0rLKvge">Black Sea</a> during <a href="/facts/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine/kE7cHvoQ">Russia's invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> </p> <i>Alkmaar</i> class construction data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 850</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_R%25C5%25ABsi%25C5%2586%25C5%25A1/g19hdjLs"><i>Alkmaar</i></a></td><td rowspan="15">Van der Giessen-de-Noord,<a href="/facts/Alblasserdam/6QWrhrAB">Alblasserdam</a>, Netherlands</td><td>30 January 1979</td><td>18 May 1982</td><td>28 May 1983</td><td>Decommissioned in 2000, sold to Latvia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 851</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Visvaldis/eM6LBkLT"><i>Delfzijl</i></a></td><td>29 May 1980</td><td>29 October 1982</td><td>17 August 1983</td><td>Decommissioned in 2000, sold to Latvia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 852</th><td>Dordrecht</td><td>5 January 1981</td><td>26 February 1983</td><td>16 November 1983</td><td>Decommissioned in 2000, sold to Latvia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 853</th><td>Haarlem</td><td>16 June 1981</td><td>6 May 1983</td><td>12 June 1984</td><td>Decommissioned in 2011, sold to Pakistan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 854</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Imanta/JGCaQd6v"><i>Harlingen</i></a></td><td>30 November 1981</td><td>9 July 1983</td><td>12 April 1984</td><td>Decommissioned 2003, sold to Latvia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 855</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Viesturs/6PkFXSXh"><i>Scheveningen</i></a></td><td>24 May 1982</td><td>2 December 1983</td><td>18 July 1984</td><td>Decommissioned 2003, sold to Latvia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 856</th><td>Maassluis</td><td>7 November 1982</td><td>5 May 1984</td><td>12 December 1984</td><td>Decommissioned in 2011, sold to Bulgaria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 857</th><td>Makkum</td><td>25 February 1983</td><td>27 September 1984</td><td>13 May 1985</td><td>Decommissioned in 2024, donated to Ukraine in 2025, renamed <i> Henichesk</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 858</th><td>Middelburg</td><td>11 July 1983</td><td>23 February 1985</td><td>10 December 1986</td><td>Decommissioned in 2011, sold to Pakistan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 859</th><td>Hellevoetsluis</td><td>12 December 1983</td><td>18 July 1985</td><td>20 February 1987</td><td>Decommissioned in 2011, sold to Bulgaria</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 860</th><td>Schiedam</td><td>6 May 1984</td><td>20 December 1985</td><td>9 July 1986</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 861</th><td>Urk</td><td>1 October 1984</td><td>2 May 1986</td><td>10 December 1986</td><td>Decommissioned in 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 862</th><td>Zierikzee</td><td>25 February 1985</td><td>4 October 1986</td><td>7 May 1987</td><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 863</th><td>Vlaardingen</td><td>6 May 1986</td><td>4 August 1988</td><td>15 March 1989</td><td>Decommissioned in 2024, donated to Ukraine in 2025, renamed <i>Melitopol</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M 864</th><td>Willemstad</td><td>3 October 1986</td><td>27 January 1989</td><td>20 September 1989</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="export">Export</h2> <h3>Bulgaria</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Bulgarian_Navy/NtWeFuWd">Bulgarian Navy</a> acquired one Tripartite-class minehunter from Belgium in 2007 and two from the Netherlands in 2019. The ex-<i>Myosotis</i> was transferred in 2009 and renamed <a href="/facts/Bulgarian_minehunter_Tsibar/0n69uFro"><i>Tsibar</i></a>. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> The ex-<i>Maasluis</i> and ex-<i>Hellevoetsluis</i> were transferred in 2020 and renamed <i>Mesta</i> and <i>Struma</i>, respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> </p> Tripartite class class construction data<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">32</th><td><a href="/facts/Bulgarian_minehunter_Tsibar/0n69uFro"><i>Tsibar</i></a> (ex-<i>Myosotis</i>)</td><td>Béliard Shipyard,Ostend, Belgium</td><td>6 July 1987</td><td>4 August 1988</td><td>2010</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">31</th><td>Mesta (ex-<i>Maasluis</i>)</td><td rowspan="2">Van der Giesen-de-Noord,Alblasserdam, Netherlands</td><td>7 November 1982</td><td>5 May 1984</td><td></td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">33</th><td>Struma (ex-<i>Hellevoetsluis</i>)</td><td>12 December 1983</td><td>18 July 1985</td><td></td><td>In service</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Indonesia</h3> <p>The Indonesian Navy ordered two minehunters based on the <i>Alkmaar</i> class from the Netherlands on 29 March 1985.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> Known as the <i>Pulau Rengat</i> class, the vessels have a standard displacement of 520 tonnes (510 long tons) and 594 tonnes (585 long tons) at full load. They have a different layout than European Tripartite minehunters due to their mission profile being larger, with the vessels intended to operate as minehunters, minesweepers and patrol ships. For conventional missions the vessels are powered by two MTU 12V 396 TCD91 diesel engines turning one shaft with a LIPS controllable pitch propeller rated at 1,400 kilowatts (1,900 hp) for a maximum speed of 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph). The minehunters are also equipped with two 56-kilowatt (75 hp) bow thrusters and two retractable Schottel 89-kilowatt (120 hp) rudder propellers energised by three Turbomecca gas turbine generators. Using the auxiliary propulsion system, the <i>Pulau Rengat</i> class has a maximum speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). They have a range of 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> </p><p>The <i>Pulau Rengat</i> class mounts two <a href="/facts/Rheinmetall/34KXkyc2">Rheinmetall</a> 20 mm guns and have the capability to have Matra <a href="/facts/Mistral_(missile)/m9qcHCxe">Simbad</a> <a href="/facts/Surface-to-air_missile/2qEW5P07">surface-to-air missile</a> launchers installed or a third 20 mm gun. The <i>Pulau Rengat</i>s are equipped with OD3 Oropesa mechanical sweep gear, Fiskar F82 magnetic sweep and SA Marine AS 203 acoustic sweep gear for minesweeping duties. They also have an Ibis V minehunting system and two PAP 104 Mk 4 mine disposal systems along with the Signaal SEWACCO-RI combat data system, Racal Decca AC 1229C radar and Thomson Sintra TSM 2022 sonar. The ships have a complement of 46.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> </p><p>Initially, Indonesia intended to order ten hulls. However, funds were lacking and only two were built. The first was ordered on 29 March 1985 and the second on 30 August 1985. The two ships were initially part of the Royal Netherlands Navy production and were given Dutch names. They were renamed upon sale to Indonesia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a> </p> <i>Pulau Rengat</i> class construction data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">711</th><td>Pulau Rengat (ex-<i>Willemstad</i>)</td><td rowspan="2">Van der Giesen-de-Noord,Amsterdam, Netherlands</td><td>22 July 1985</td><td>23 July 1987</td><td>26 March 1988</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">712</th><td>Pulau Rupat (ex-<i>Vlaardingen</i>)</td><td>15 December 1985</td><td>27 August 1987</td><td>26 March 1988</td><td>In service</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Latvia</h3> <p>In 2007, the <a href="/facts/Latvian_Naval_Forces/rrCNxeFz">Latvian Naval Forces</a> acquired five <i>Alkmaar</i>-class minehunters (<i>Alkmaar</i>, <i>Delfzijl</i>, <i>Dordrecht</i>, <i>Harlingen</i> and <i>Scheveningen</i>) from the Royal Netherlands Navy. These five use the Signaal Sewaaco IX combat data system and the Thomson Sintra DUBM 21A sonar. <i>Harlingen</i> was the first handed over and renamed <a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Imanta/JGCaQd6v"><i>Imanta</i></a> on 6 March 2007, followed by <i>Scheveningen</i> on 5 September 2007 which was renamed <a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Viesturs/6PkFXSXh"><i>Viesturs</i></a>. <i>Dordrecht</i> was handed over in January 2008 and renamed <a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_T%25C4%2581livaldis/sYnh04jC"><i>Tālivaldis</i></a> and <i>Delfzijl</i> in October 2008 and renamed <a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Visvaldis/eM6LBkLT"><i>Visvaldis</i></a>. <i>Alkmaar</i> was the last to transfer in June 2009 and was renamed <a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_R%25C5%25ABsi%25C5%2586%25C5%25A1/g19hdjLs"><i>Rūsiņš</i></a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a> In 2020, the <a href="/facts/Latvian_Naval_Forces/rrCNxeFz">Latvian Naval Forces</a> signed contract with ECA Group for the modernization of three of its <i>Alkmaar</i>-class minehunters, replacing the conventional detection system based on a hull sonar for mines with a smaller unmanned system consisting of the underwater drones AUV A18-M for detection and underwater robots Seascan MK2 and K-STER C for identification and clearance of the mines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <i>Imanta</i> class class construction data<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">M-04</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Imanta/JGCaQd6v"><i>Imanta</i></a> (ex-<i>Harlingen</i>)</td><td rowspan="5">Van der Giesen-de-Noord,Alblasserdam Netherlands</td><td>30 November 1981</td><td>9 July 1983</td><td>2007</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M-05</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Viesturs/6PkFXSXh"><i>Viesturs</i></a> (ex-<i>Scheveningen</i>)</td><td>24 May 1982</td><td>2 December 1983</td><td>2007</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M-06</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_T%25C4%2581livaldis/sYnh04jC"><i>Tālivaldis</i></a> (ex-<i>Dordrecht</i>)</td><td>5 January 1981</td><td>26 February 1983</td><td>2008</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M-07</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_Visvaldis/eM6LBkLT"><i>Visvaldis</i></a> (ex-<i>Delfzijl</i>)</td><td>29 May 1980</td><td>29 October 1982</td><td>2008</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M-08</th><td><a href="/facts/Latvian_minehunter_R%25C5%25ABsi%25C5%2586%25C5%25A1/g19hdjLs"><i>Rūsiņš</i></a> (ex-<i>Alkmaar</i>)</td><td>30 January 1979</td><td>18 May 1982</td><td>2011</td><td>In service</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Pakistan</h3> <p>On 17 January 1992, Pakistan signed an agreement with France acquiring three <i>Éridan</i>-class minehunters, one of which was already built, one to be constructed in France and the third in Pakistan. <i>Sagittaire</i>, which was on duty in the <a href="/facts/Persian_Gulf/W78AfnC1">Persian Gulf</a>, sailed to Pakistan in November 1992. In <a href="/facts/Pakistan_Navy/po39ztHS">Pakistan Navy</a> service, the three ships have Elesco MKR 400 acoustic sweep and MKR 960 magnetic sweeps for minesweeping duties.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> </p><p>The class is known as the <i>Munsif</i> class in Pakistan Navy service. The first of the class <i>Munsif</i> sailed to Pakistan from the Persian Gulf. The second, <i>Muhafiz</i> was delivered in April 1996 and the third was carried aboard a transporter ship in April 1995 to be completed in Pakistan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a> A further two ships were bought from the Netherlands in 2021. <i>Haarlem</i> and <i>Middelburg</i>, were transported via a heavy-lift ship to Pakistan in late 2022.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a> </p> <i>Munsif</i> class construction data<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Pennant no.</th><th scope="col">Name</th><th scope="col">Builder</th><th scope="col">Laid down</th><th scope="col">Launched</th><th scope="col">Commissioned</th><th scope="col">Status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">M166</th><td><a href="/facts/PNS_Munsif_(M166)/LJhDJqQ3"><i>Munsif</i></a> (ex-<i>Sagittaire</i>)</td><td rowspan="2">Arsenal de Lorient, Lorient, France</td><td>13 November 1985</td><td>9 November 1988</td><td>26 October 1992</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M163</th><td>Muhafiz</td><td></td><td>8 July 1995</td><td>15 May 1996</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">M164</th><td>Mujahid</td><td>Arsenal de Lorient/<a href="/facts/Karachi_Naval_Dockyard/eIy8Ts5p">Karachi Naval Dockyard</a>,<a href="/facts/Karachi/pz65ABkw">Karachi</a>, Pakistan</td><td></td><td>28 January 1997</td><td>9 July 1998</td><td>In service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">TBA</th><td>TBA (ex-<i>Haarlem</i>)</td><td rowspan="2">Van der Giessen-de-Noord,Alblasserdam, Netherlands</td><td>16 June 1981</td><td>6 May 1983</td><td>TBA</td><td>In transport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">TBA</th><td>TBA (ex-<i>Middelburg</i>)</td><td>11 July 1983</td><td>23 February 1985</td><td>TBA</td><td>In transport</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>Ukraine</h3> <p>On a visit to the port cities of <a href="/facts/Mykolaiv/fNTbYGHm">Mykolaiv</a> and <a href="/facts/Odesa/4Luy5oB3">Odesa</a>, Dutch <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Defence_(Netherlands)/MhsC4bYm">Minister of Defence</a> <a href="/facts/Kajsa_Ollongren/jzgjTtp4">Kajsa Ollongren</a> announced that two ships will be donated to the <a href="/facts/Ukrainian_Navy/KwcrcrT4">Ukrainian Navy</a> after the <a href="/facts/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(2022%25E2%2580%2593present)/TTeQCgSl">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> has ended. The ships will help clear out mines on <a href="/facts/Shipping_lane/z5cu55nt">shipping lanes</a> in the <a href="/facts/Black_Sea/M0rLKvge">Black Sea</a>. In 2024, HNLMS <i>Vlaardingen</i> was retired from service and started training Ukrainian crew, HNLMS <i>Makkum</i> is slated to follow later in the same year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> In March 2024, Belgian defence minister <a href="/facts/Ludivine_Dedonder/cX8qGQQm">Ludivine Dedonder</a> announced that <a href="/facts/Belgian_minehunter_Narcis/qqHCIdeN"><i>Narcis</i></a> would also be transferred to Ukraine, increasing the total of Tripartite-class minehunters to be transferred to three.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> In June 2025 <i>Narcis</i> and <i>Vlaardingen</i> were transferred to the Ukrainian Navy and renamed <i>Mariupol</i> and <i>Melitopol</i>, respectively. A third vessel of the class, HNLMS <i>Makkum</i> was to be donated to Ukrainian Navy later in 2025, and was to be renamed to <i>Henichesk</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="successor">Successor</h2> <h3>The Netherlands and Belgium</h3> <p>The Netherlands and Belgium are doing a joint procurement for the replacements of the Tripartite-class/<i>Alkmaar</i>-class minehunters. Both countries want to procure six <a href="/facts/City-class_mine_countermeasures_vessel/ugG9J2he">new mine countermeasure (MCM) vessels</a>, which makes for a total of 12 MCM ships. The new MCM ships will include a range of unmanned systems including unmanned surface, aerial and underwater vehicles alongside towed sonars and mine identification and neutralization ROVs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> </p><p>Belgium gave the green-light to start the procurement on 26 January 2018 and approved a budget of 1.1 billion euros for the six Belgian MCM ships. Besides the Tripartite-class minehunters, the ships will also replace the Belgian logistical support ship <a href="/facts/Belgian_ship_Godetia/RDBRxc8G"><i>Godetia</i></a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> </p><p>There were three contenders. A Franco-Belgium consortium made up of French shipbuilders <a href="/facts/STX_France/IRYNHqAy">STX France</a> and <a href="/facts/Socarenam/AVoAxhGF">Socarenam</a> together with Belgium's EDR bid for the 12 new MCM vessels. Their plan included the construction of MCM vessels named Sea Naval Solutions and a multi-role frigate named Deviceseas, which will serve as mothership to the MCM vessels. All ships having a strong focus on autonomous systems operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> France's <a href="/facts/Naval_Group/JoBe5FcU">Naval Group</a> and ECA Group [fr] established Belgian subsidiary Naval & Robotics to bid for the program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> The third group was <a href="/facts/Imtech/Am3XEYYG">Imtech</a> Belgium and <a href="/facts/Damen_Group/jIpYKBME">Damen Group</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> </p><p>On 15 March 2019, the team led by Naval Group was selected to produce the 12 new vessels.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_naval_ship_classes_in_service/qNW6P9kQ">Minehunter classes in service</a></li></ul> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <ul><li>Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-55750-132-7.</li> <li>Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). <i>Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010</i> (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-7106-2888-6.</li> <li>Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich"><i>Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92</i></a> (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7106-0960-4.</li> <li>Waters, Conrad, ed. (2011). <i>Seaforth World Naval Review 2012</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-84832-1205.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tripartite class minehunters. <ul><li><a href="http://www.mil.be/navycomp/subject/index.asp?LAN=en&ID=463">Belgian navy page with technical specifications</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926224526/http://www.mil.be/navycomp/subject/index.asp?LAN=en&ID=463">Archived</a> 26 September 2007 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.marine.nl/nlmarfor/schepen/mijnendienst/mijnenjagers/">Dutch navy page about mine hunters (in Dutch)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/">World Navies</a> – list of ships in each navy</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 131. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 131. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 131. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 131. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 131. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, pp. 131–132. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 132. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 266. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Sharpe 1991, pp. 46, 197. - Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0960-4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Groizeleau, Vincent (11 July 2022). "Le chasseur de mines Cassiopée retiré du service" [Minehunter Cassiopeia withdrawn from service]. Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2022. <a href="https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/le-chasseur-de-mines-cassiopee-retire-du-service" target="_blank">https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/le-chasseur-de-mines-cassiopee-retire-du-service</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"L'Aigle (M 647)". Marine nationale (in French). Ministère des Armées, Paris. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018. <a href="https://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/equipements/batiments-de-combat/chasseurs-de-mine-type-eridan/l-aigle-m-647" target="_blank">https://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/equipements/batiments-de-combat/chasseurs-de-mine-type-eridan/l-aigle-m-647</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Sagittaire (M 650)". French Navy. Archived from the original on 8 May 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2015. <a href="http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements-moyens-materiel-militaire/batiments-de-combat/chasseurs-de-mine-type-eridan/sagittaire-m-650" target="_blank">http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine/decouverte/equipements-moyens-materiel-militaire/batiments-de-combat/chasseurs-de-mine-type-eridan/sagittaire-m-650</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 27. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 27. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 64. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 64. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 27. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 64. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 93. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Saunders 2009, pp. 64, 93. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Sharpe 1991, pp. 46. - Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0960-4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 283. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Sharpe 1991, p. 403. - Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0960-4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 554. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 283. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 554. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Sharpe 1991, p. 403. - Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0960-4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 554. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 480. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Waters 2011, p. 89. - Waters, Conrad, ed. (2011). Seaforth World Naval Review 2012. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-1205. <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Gain, Nathan (14 November 2019). "Bulgaria Greenlights Procurement Of Two Former Dutch Navy Mine Countermeasure Vessels". Naval News. Retrieved 23 June 2021. <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/11/bulgaria-green-lights-procurement-of-two-former-dutch-navy-mine-countermeasure-vessels/" target="_blank">https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/11/bulgaria-green-lights-procurement-of-two-former-dutch-navy-mine-countermeasure-vessels/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Groizeleau, Vincent (22 June 2021). "Les Pays-Bas vendent deux de leurs chasseurs de mines au Pakistan" [Netherlands sells two of its minehunters to Pakistan]. Mer et Marine (in French). Retrieved 23 June 2021. <a href="https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/les-pays-bas-vont-vendre-deux-cmt-au-pakistan" target="_blank">https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/les-pays-bas-vont-vendre-deux-cmt-au-pakistan</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Karremann, Jaime (6 October 2022). "Verkochte mijnenjagers Haarlem en Middelburg onderweg naar Pakistan" [Sold minehunters Haarlem and Middelburg on their way to Pakistan]. Marineschepen (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 October 2022. <a href="https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Verkochte-mijnenjagers-Haarlem-en-Middelburg-onderweg-naar-Pakistan-061022.html" target="_blank">https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Verkochte-mijnenjagers-Haarlem-en-Middelburg-onderweg-naar-Pakistan-061022.html</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>Tringham, Kate (21 March 2023). "Ukraine conflict: Netherlands to donate minehunters to Ukraine". Janes. Retrieved 21 March 2023. <a href="https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-netherlands-to-donate-minehunters-to-ukraine" target="_blank">https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-conflict-netherlands-to-donate-minehunters-to-ukraine</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>Saunders 2009, pp. 480, 554. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>Sharpe 1991, p. 403. - Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1991). Jane's Fighting Ships 1991–92 (94 ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-0960-4. <a href="https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/janesfightingshi00rich</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>"Belgium and the Netherlands transfer MCM vessels to Ukraine". Naval News. 26 June 2025. <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/belgium-and-the-netherlands-transfer-mcm-vessels-to-ukraine/" target="_blank">https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/belgium-and-the-netherlands-transfer-mcm-vessels-to-ukraine/</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>"Belgium and the Netherlands transfer MCM vessels to Ukraine". Naval News. 26 June 2025. <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/belgium-and-the-netherlands-transfer-mcm-vessels-to-ukraine/" target="_blank">https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/belgium-and-the-netherlands-transfer-mcm-vessels-to-ukraine/</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 93. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Archus, Dorian (19 October 2020). "Bulgarian Navy procures two minehunters from the Netherlands". Naval Post. Retrieved 15 March 2023. <a href="https://navalpost.com/bulgarian-navy-procures-two-minehunters-from-the-netherlands/" target="_blank">https://navalpost.com/bulgarian-navy-procures-two-minehunters-from-the-netherlands/</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 363. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 363. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 182. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 363. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 182. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 363. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 480. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>"ECA Group Announces Successful FAT For Latvian Navy Programme". Naval News. 22 August 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2023. <a href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/08/eca-group-announces-successful-fat-for-latvian-navy-programme/" target="_blank">https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/08/eca-group-announces-successful-fat-for-latvian-navy-programme/</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 588. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 588. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>Karremann, Jaime (6 October 2022). "Verkochte mijnenjagers Haarlem en Middelburg onderweg naar Pakistan" [Sold minehunters Haarlem and Middelburg on their way to Pakistan]. Marineschepen (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 October 2022. <a href="https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Verkochte-mijnenjagers-Haarlem-en-Middelburg-onderweg-naar-Pakistan-061022.html" target="_blank">https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Verkochte-mijnenjagers-Haarlem-en-Middelburg-onderweg-naar-Pakistan-061022.html</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>Saunders 2009, p. 588. - Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2009). Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010 (112 ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group Inc. ISBN 978-0-7106-2888-6. <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>Gardiner, Chumbley & Budzbon 1995, p. 301. - Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7. <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>Karreman, Jaime (14 March 2023). "Nederland gaat mijnenjagers aan Oekraïne schenken" [The Netherlands will donate mine hunters to Ukraine]. Marineschepen (in Dutch). Retrieved 15 March 2023. <a href="https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Mijnenjagers-worden-geschonken-aan-Oekraine-140323.html" target="_blank">https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Mijnenjagers-worden-geschonken-aan-Oekraine-140323.html</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>"Nederland belooft Oekraïne mijnenjagers, droneradars en brugslagvaartuig" [The Netherlands promises Ukraine mine hunters, drone radars and bridge craft]. NOS Nieuws (in Dutch). 14 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023. <a href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2467442-nederland-belooft-oekraine-mijnenjagers-droneradars-en-brugslagvaartuig" target="_blank">https://nos.nl/artikel/2467442-nederland-belooft-oekraine-mijnenjagers-droneradars-en-brugslagvaartuig</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>Karreman, Jaime (27 March 2024). 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