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Palaeste
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<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2> <p>The name <i>Palaiste</i> is considered to be <a href="/facts/Illyrian_language/VIsJzVb5">Illyrian</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> It is linked to the <a href="/facts/Root_(linguistics)/VwkvmJxn">root morpheme</a> *pal- (shallow water) and the typical Illyrian suffix -este.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The ethnic name <i>Palaistinoi</i> comes from <i>Palaiste</i>, with the typical Illyrian suffix <i>-ino</i> often used to form <a href="/facts/List_of_ancient_Illyrian_peoples_and_tribes/nRUFM0vL">tribal</a> names. The root *pal is also found in the name of the Illyrian tribe of the Plaraioi/Palarioi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Pseudo-Plutarch/2DYTPK0z">Pseudo-Plutarch</a> reports that <i>Palaistinos</i> was another name of the river <a href="/facts/Struma_(river)/4ISqJsq2">Strymon</a>. The name has been speculated to be related to the ethnonym <i><a href="/facts/Philistines/TAYs6ooJ">Philistines</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">AdriaticSea</a> <a href="/facts/Strait_of_Otranto/8z3gh8aV">Strait ofOtranto</a> <a href="/facts/Sazan_Island/dP5zIL4j">Sason •Island</a> <a href="/facts/Marg%C3%ABlli%C3%A7_Castle/48dmgtBQ">• <i>Margëlliç</i></a> Lofkënd • <a href="/facts/Byllis/wuSYwvwJ">Byllis•</a> <a href="/facts/Nikaia,_Illyria/ClFGBJdY">• Nikaia</a> <a href="/facts/Triport,_Albania/IjjPmx4z">• Triport</a> <a href="/facts/Vlor%C3%AB/DbIekgoa">Aulon •</a> <a href="/facts/Kanin%C3%AB/Duob2fDA"><i>Kaninë</i> •</a> <a href="/facts/Olympe/E1L6yVLl">Olympe •</a> <a href="/facts/Amantia/Xexl4Ffn">Amantia •</a> Matohasanaj • <a href="/facts/Bay_of_Vlor%C3%AB/9L1xfrS0">Bay ofVlorë</a> <a href="/facts/Karaburun_Peninsula,_Albania/4zu0MRa6">Akrokeraunia</a> <a href="/facts/Oricum/NE85H5Dj">Orikos •</a> Palaeste • <a href="/facts/Ao%C3%B6s/RTMIlVr0">Aoös</a> <a href="/facts/Ao%C3%B6s/RTMIlVr0">Aoös</a> <a href="/facts/Ao%C3%B6s/RTMIlVr0">Aoös</a> <a href="/facts/Ao%C3%B6s/RTMIlVr0">Aoös</a> <a href="/facts/Shushic%C3%AB_(river)/LlpCRgX5">Shushicë</a> <a href="/facts/Shushic%C3%AB_(river)/LlpCRgX5">Shushicë</a> <a href="/facts/Shushic%C3%AB_(river)/LlpCRgX5">Shushicë</a> <a href="/facts/Dukat,_Albania/wnKQa11o"><i>Dukat</i></a> <a href="/facts/Llogara_Pass/Xdrnwzcf"><i>Llogara</i></a> Cerje • <a href="/facts/Ceraunian_Mountains/Guwcv9kU">CeraunianMountains</a> <a href="/facts/Himar%C3%AB_(town)/21to6m7F">Chimera •</a> <a href="/facts/Panormus_(Epirus)/7KzDauQh">Panormos •</a> <a href="/facts/Borsh/L84BDDa8"><i>Borsh</i> •</a> <a href="/facts/Ionian_Sea/zLbve4Pl">IonianSea</a> <a href="/facts/List_of_archaeological_sites_by_country/3NE9bgpw">Ancient sites in</a> <a href="/facts/Aoos_River/RTMIlVr0">the Lower Aoös,</a><a href="/facts/Bay_of_Vlor%C3%AB/9L1xfrS0">Bay of Vlorë</a> <a href="/facts/Ceraunian_Mountains/Guwcv9kU">and Ceraunian Mts.</a> <h3>Caesar's landing in 48 B.C</h3> <p><a href="/facts/Ancient_Rome/cGqIuxPd">Ancient Roman</a> writer <a href="/facts/Lucan/BD6eDl1C">Lucan</a> reported that it was here that <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar/ptR603Gv">Julius Caesar</a> landed from <a href="/facts/Brundusium/9RoaGAco">Brundusium</a> across the Adriatic, in order to carry on the <a href="/facts/Great_Roman_Civil_War/ha7W5Tsp">Civil War</a> against <a href="/facts/Pompey/msR8lb6b">Pompey</a> in Illyricum and the oncoming <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Dyrrhachium_(48_BC)/UHh4zlXV">Battle of Dyrrhachium</a> on 10 July 48 BC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> According to Ian Longhurst, an analysis of other ancient sources, based on geographical and military data, suggests a more likely location for Caesar's landing inside the <a href="/facts/Bay_of_Vlor%C3%AB/9L1xfrS0">Bay of Vlorë</a> north of the <a href="/facts/Ceraunian_Mountains/Guwcv9kU">Ceraunian Mountains</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Neritan_Ceka/KNCNxxTH">Neritan Ceka</a> analysed the local places by a site survey on the Acroceraunia comparing their situation with the ancient sources, and accepted the historical account of Caesar's landing on Palaeste.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>In classical antiquity Palaeste was located in the <a href="/facts/Ceraunian_Mountains/Guwcv9kU">Ceraunian Mountains</a>, between the southern <a href="/facts/Adriatic_Sea/v5I5Jl3f">Adriatic</a> and the <a href="/facts/Ionian_Sea/zLbve4Pl">Ionian Sea</a>. The town was placed south of the <a href="/facts/Karaburun_Peninsula,_Albania/4zu0MRa6">Akrokeraunian Promontory</a>, which was the natural boundary that separated <a href="/facts/Epirus/bATrRyJa">Epirus</a> from <a href="/facts/Illyria/ugbD1GVj">Illyria</a> in <a href="/facts/Classical_antiquity/JBq8vEX9">classical antiquity</a>. Located near modern day <a href="/facts/Palas%C3%AB/zExY0XrL">Palasë</a> on the northernmost coastal part of the ancient Kemara region (modern <a href="/facts/Himara/wJnaqts1">Himara</a>, <a href="/facts/Albania/8GP40BUD">Albania</a>),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Palaeste was part of the territory of the <a href="/facts/Chaones/py3KTALT">Chaones</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> The present-day village of <a href="/facts/Dh%C3%ABrmi/8MEUWEX4">Dhërmi</a> has been proposed as a possible location of the ancient site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Berktold, Percy; Wacker, Christian (1996). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MbAAAAYAAJ"><i>Akarnanien: eine Landschaft im antiken Griechenland</i></a>. Ergon. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 3928034715.</li> <li>Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). <a href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document"><i>Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C</i></a> (Thesis). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie).</li> <li><a href="/facts/Neritan_Ceka/KNCNxxTH">Ceka, Neritan</a> (2011). "Cezari në Akrokeraune- vende dhe gjurmë / Cesare in acroceraunia-luoghi e tracce". <i>Iliria</i>. 35: 99–122. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Filiri.2011.1101">10.3406/iliri.2011.1101</a>.</li> <li>de Ligt, Luuk (2008). "An Eteocretan inscription from Praisos and the Homeland of the Sea Peoples". <i>Talanta</i> (XL–XLI): 151–172.</li> <li>Hencken, Hugh (1968). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ"><i>Tarquinia, Villanovans, and Early Etruscans, Volume 1</i></a>. Bulletin (American School of Prehistoric Research), American School of Prehistoric Research and Harvard University, Peabody Museum, American School of Prehistoric Research. Bulletin. Vol. 23. Peabody Museum.</li> <li>Likaj, Ethem (1990). "Die illyrische Herkunft des Albanischen im Lichte neuer Fakten und Interpretationen". <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-oiAQAAMAAJ"><i>Akten Des XIV. Internationalen Linguistenkongresses Berlin, 10. August-15. August 1987</i></a>. Akademie-Verlag. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 3050006579.</li> <li>Longhurst, Ian (2016). "Caesar's Crossing of the Adriatic Countered by a Winter Blockade During the Roman Civil War". <i>The Mariner's Mirror</i>. 102 (2). Routledge: 132–152. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00253359.2015.1054681">10.1080/00253359.2015.1054681</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163921681">163921681</a>.</li> <li>Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ"><i>Ηπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού</i></a>. Ekdotike Athenon. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9789602133712.</li> <li>Strobel, August (2015) [1976]. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo3yCQAAQBAJ"><i>Der spätbronzezeitliche Seevölkersturm: Ein Forschungsüberblick mit Folgerungen zur biblischen Exodusthematik</i></a>. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German). Vol. 145. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9783110855036.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Jaupaj 2019, pp. 90–91. - Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (Thesis). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie). <a href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document" target="_blank">https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>de Ligt 2008, p. 154: "In classical times Palaiste was a small town on the South-Illyrian coast, while Pliny's list of peoples inhabiting the more northerly parts of Roman Illyricum include the Siculi and the Sardeates (Lehmann 1985, 42-49)." - de Ligt, Luuk (2008). "An Eteocretan inscription from Praisos and the Homeland of the Sea Peoples". Talanta (XL–XLI): 151–172. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Hencken 1968, p. 649: "Furthermore, there was a place named Palaiste, considered to be Illyrian, and located near the border of Illyria and Epirus..." - Hencken, Hugh (1968). Tarquinia, Villanovans, and Early Etruscans, Volume 1. Bulletin (American School of Prehistoric Research), American School of Prehistoric Research and Harvard University, Peabody Museum, American School of Prehistoric Research. Bulletin. Vol. 23. Peabody Museum. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sakellariou 1997, p. 20: "The sea-ward face of the Akrokeraunian range, from Hagios Basileios northwards, to Palasa, the ancient Palaiste, forms the canton of Cheimara, the ancient Kemara ..." - Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Ηπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 9789602133712. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Abraham Malamat; Hayim Tadmor (1976). A History of the Jewish People. Harvard University Press. p. 83. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Sakellariou 1997, p. 20: "The sea-ward face of the Akrokeraunian range, from Hagios Basileios northwards, to Palasa, the ancient Palaiste, forms the canton of Cheimara, the ancient Kemara ..." - Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Ηπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 9789602133712. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hencken 1968, p. 649: "Furthermore, there was a place named Palaiste, considered to be Illyrian, and located near the border of Illyria and Epirus..." - Hencken, Hugh (1968). Tarquinia, Villanovans, and Early Etruscans, Volume 1. Bulletin (American School of Prehistoric Research), American School of Prehistoric Research and Harvard University, Peabody Museum, American School of Prehistoric Research. Bulletin. Vol. 23. Peabody Museum. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Likaj 1990, p. 2394: "Schon lange hat man die illyrischen Suffixe - ata und - ates ( : olciniatae, Docleates, Dalmatae, Labeates u . a . ) in Beziehung zum albanischen Suffix - at ( : Demat, Zekat; Dukat, Filat ) gebracht; das illyrische Suffix - ista, - este (:Ladesta, Palaeste) zum albanischen Suffix - (e) është (:kopsh, vëneshtë, lagushtë u.a.)" - Likaj, Ethem (1990). "Die illyrische Herkunft des Albanischen im Lichte neuer Fakten und Interpretationen". Akten Des XIV. Internationalen Linguistenkongresses Berlin, 10. August-15. August 1987. Akademie-Verlag. ISBN 3050006579. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-oiAQAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=N-oiAQAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Berktold & Wacker 1996, p. 43: "Zu *pal- "Sumpf, seichtes Gewasser". Es gab illyrische Stämme der Plaraioi bzw . Palarioi; s . auch Palaeste, Stadt in Südillyrien bei Orikon" - Berktold, Percy; Wacker, Christian (1996). Akarnanien: eine Landschaft im antiken Griechenland. Ergon. ISBN 3928034715. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MbAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MbAAAAYAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Berktold & Wacker 1996, p. 43: "Zu *pal- "Sumpf, seichtes Gewasser". Es gab illyrische Stämme der Plaraioi bzw . Palarioi; s . auch Palaeste, Stadt in Südillyrien bei Orikon" - Berktold, Percy; Wacker, Christian (1996). Akarnanien: eine Landschaft im antiken Griechenland. Ergon. ISBN 3928034715. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MbAAAAYAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=_1MbAAAAYAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Strobel 2015, p. 163. - Strobel, August (2015) [1976]. Der spätbronzezeitliche Seevölkersturm: Ein Forschungsüberblick mit Folgerungen zur biblischen Exodusthematik. Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft (in German). Vol. 145. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110855036. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo3yCQAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=Bo3yCQAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>de Ligt 2008, pp. 153–154 - de Ligt, Luuk (2008). "An Eteocretan inscription from Praisos and the Homeland of the Sea Peoples". Talanta (XL–XLI): 151–172. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Hencken 1968, p. 649. - Hencken, Hugh (1968). Tarquinia, Villanovans, and Early Etruscans, Volume 1. Bulletin (American School of Prehistoric Research), American School of Prehistoric Research and Harvard University, Peabody Museum, American School of Prehistoric Research. Bulletin. Vol. 23. Peabody Museum. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=QxY7AQAAIAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Lucan, Phars. 5.460. <a href="/wiki/Lucan" target="_blank">/wiki/Lucan</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Longhurst 2016, p. 134: "Pompey's army was dispersed in winter quarters leaving his main supply base of Dyrrachium (Durazzo or Durrës) potentially vulnerable to a surprise attack. Caesar planned to land his army on the coast of Illyricum (Albania), as near as he could to Dyrrachium, march on the city and seize Pompey's supplies." - Longhurst, Ian (2016). "Caesar's Crossing of the Adriatic Countered by a Winter Blockade During the Roman Civil War". The Mariner's Mirror. 102 (2). Routledge: 132–152. doi:10.1080/00253359.2015.1054681. S2CID 163921681. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00253359.2015.1054681" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00253359.2015.1054681</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Longhurst 2016, pp. 132: " The most significant problem is the identification of Caesar's landing place for his army with Palaeste, when it can be shown that he probably landed inside the Gulf of Valona." - Longhurst, Ian (2016). "Caesar's Crossing of the Adriatic Countered by a Winter Blockade During the Roman Civil War". The Mariner's Mirror. 102 (2). Routledge: 132–152. doi:10.1080/00253359.2015.1054681. S2CID 163921681. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00253359.2015.1054681" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00253359.2015.1054681</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Ceka 2011, p. 116. - Ceka, Neritan (2011). "Cezari në Akrokeraune- vende dhe gjurmë / Cesare in acroceraunia-luoghi e tracce". Iliria. 35: 99–122. doi:10.3406/iliri.2011.1101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Filiri.2011.1101" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3406%2Filiri.2011.1101</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Sakellariou 1997, p. 20: "The sea-ward face of the Akrokeraunian range, from Hagios Basileios northwards, to Palasa, the ancient Palaiste, forms the canton of Cheimara, the ancient Kemara ..." - Sakellariou, M. V. (1997). Ηπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού. Ekdotike Athenon. ISBN 9789602133712. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Jaupaj 2019, pp. 90–91. - Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (Thesis). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie). <a href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document" target="_blank">https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Jaupaj 2019, pp. 90–91. - Jaupaj, Lavdosh (2019). Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C (Thesis). Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie). <a href="https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document" target="_blank">https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>