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Newa (Unicode block)
open-in-new
<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>A Unicode character set was initially proposed in May 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> A previous tentative mapping of the first SMP also included the script<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> and later versions include the proposal.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> A revised proposal<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> using the name "Newar" is reflected in the roadmap from 6.0.12.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> This revised proposal was "to enable the broadest representation of the Newar script, from the historical forms of Old Newar manuscripts to the present style of 'Prachalit' known as 'Nepal Lipi'".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> An alternative proposal was produced by a group of Newars in Kathmandu led by Devdass Manandhar supported by the linguist Tej Ratna Kansakar, which differed in a number of ways from the Pandey proposals, the most significant being the inclusion of a number of breathy (nasalised) consonants which had historically been written with a grapheme that could be mistaken for a conjunct but written the wrong way round.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Newa block: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Version</a></th><th>Final code points<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></th><th>Count</th><th><a href="/facts/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards/CXq4JYfR">L2</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/ISO%2fIEC_JTC_1%2fSC_2/IcW7grUW">WG2</a> ID</th><th>Document</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="25">9.0</td><td rowspan="25">U+11400..11459, 1145B, 1145D</td><td rowspan="25">92</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09325-n3692-nepal-scripts.pdf">L2/09-325</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3692.pdf">N3692</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Michael_Everson/8Se2cLdz">Everson, Michael</a> (2009-09-28), <i>Roadmapping the scripts of Nepal</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11152-prachalit-nepal.pdf">L2/11-152</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4038.pdf">N4038</a></td><td>Pandey, Anshuman (2011-05-05), <i>Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12031-south-asian-rept.pdf">L2/12-031</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-01-27), "VII. NEWAR", <i>Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12120-nepaalalipi.pdf">L2/12-120</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4322.pdf">N4322</a></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2012-02-05), <i>Proposal for the Nepālalipi script in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12003r-newar.pdf">L2/12-003R</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf">N4184</a></td><td>Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29), <i>Proposal to encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12147-script-rept.pdf">L2/12-147</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-04-25), "VI. "NEPĀLALIPI" / "NEWAR"", <i>Review of Indic-related L2 documents and Recommendations to the UTC</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12200r-rec-nepal.pdf">L2/12-200R</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2012-06-04), <i>On the encoding of the "Nepaalalipi" / "Newar" script</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12244-nepal-resp.pdf">L2/12-244</a></td><td></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass (2012-07-21), <i>Response to L2/12-200 "On the encoding of the 'Nepaalalipi' / 'Newar' script"</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12245-nepal-ancil.pdf">L2/12-245</a></td><td></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass (2012-07-21), <i>Ancillary materials on "breathy consonants" in "Nepaalalipi"</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12336-support-newar.pdf">L2/12-336</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4372.pdf">N4372</a></td><td>Sinclair, Iain (2012-10-22), <i>Letter in support of N4184 and encoding the Newar script in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12349-nepaal-lipi.pdf">L2/12-349</a></td><td></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2012-10-29), <i>Proposal for the Nepaalalipi script in the UCS</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12378-script-review.pdf">L2/12-378</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2012-11-05), "I. NEWAR/NEPAALALIPI", <i>Review of Indic-related documents and Recommendations to the UTC</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12390-newar-nepaalalipi-cmp.pdf">L2/12-390</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah (2012-11-08), <i>Comparison between Newar and Nepaalalipi proposals (L2/12-003 and L2/12-349)</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-133-2012011.html">L2/12-343R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2012-12-04), "D.8", <i>UTC #133 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2013/13029-nepal.pdf">L2/13-029</a></td><td></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass; Chitrakar, Bishnu; Karmacharya, Samir (2013-01-28), <i>To Unicode Technical Committee (UTC)</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14086-nepaalalipi.pdf">L2/14-086</a></td><td></td><td>Manandhar, Dev Dass; Karmacharya, Samir; Chitrakar, Bishnu (2014-04-10), <i>Proposal to Encode Nepaalalipi Script in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14129-script-rec.pdf">L2/14-129</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh (2014-05-02), "1", <i>Recommendations to UTC #139 May 2014 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14220-newar-nepaalalipi-compare.pdf">L2/14-220</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah (2014-09-23), <i>Comparison between Newar and Nepaalalipi proposals (L2/12-003 and L2/14-086)</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14253-rec.pdf">L2/14-253</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah (2014-10-06), <i>Recommendations to UTC from Script Meeting in Nepal</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14258-newar-rec-cmt.pdf">L2/14-258</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4602.pdf">N4602</a></td><td>Pandey, Anshuman (2014-10-22), <i>Response to the Recommendation for Nepalese Scripts in L2/14-253</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14268r-script-rec.pdf">L2/14-268R</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Iancu, Laurențiu; Glass, Andrew; Constable, Peter; Suignard, Michel (2014-10-27), "5. Nepaalalipi/Newar", <i>Recommendations to UTC #141 October 2014 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14281-newa-atomic.txt">L2/14-281</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2014-10-27), <i>Rationale for Atomic Encoding of Murmured Resonants in Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14290-newar-murmured.pdf">L2/14-290</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4552.pdf">N4552</a></td><td>Pandey, Anshuman (2014-10-28), <i>Specimen Showing Representation of Murmured Consonants in the Newar Script</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14250.htm">L2/14-250</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2014-11-10), "Consensus 141-C23", <i>UTC #141 Minutes</i>, Accept 92 Newa characters at U+11400..U+1145D, omitting U+1145A and U+1145C, with block Newa U+11400..U+1147F and properties as given in L2/14-12-003, for encoding in Unicode 9.0. See L2/14-285.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2014/14285r3-newa.pdf">L2/14-285R3</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4660-NewaProposalCompleteRev2.pdf">N4660</a></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2014-12-04), <i>Towards a Consensus Encoding of Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="6">11.0</td><td rowspan="6">U+1145E</td><td rowspan="6">1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16383-newa-sandhi.pdf">L2/16-383</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4816-newa-sandhi.pdf">N4816</a></td><td>A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2016-12-23), <i>Proposal to encode the SANDHI MARK for Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17037-script-ad-hoc.pdf">L2/17-037</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "9. Newa", <i>Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17016.htm">L2/17-016</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "D.3.1", <i>UTC #150 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17130-sandhi-mark-cmts.pdf">L2/17-130</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah (2017-04-19), <i>Comments on L2/16-322 and L2/16-383, Sandhi marks for Bengali and Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17153-script-ad-hoc-rec.pdf">L2/17-153</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah (2017-05-17), "4. Bengali and Newa", <i>Recommendations to UTC #151 May 2017 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17103.htm">L2/17-103</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-05-18), "D.3 Sandhi Mark", <i>UTC #151 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">12.0</td><td rowspan="4">U+1145F</td><td rowspan="4">1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17093-newa-vedic-anusvara.pdf">L2/17-093</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4865-17093-newa-vedic-anusvara.pdf">N4865</a></td><td>A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-04-08), <i>Proposal to encode the NEWA LETTER VEDIC ANUSVARA</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17255-script-ad-hoc.pdf">L2/17-255</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai (2017-07-28), "7. Indic Editorial Updates", <i>Recommendations to UTC #152 July-August 2017 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17222.htm">L2/17-222</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-08-11), "D.6.1", <i>UTC #152 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4953-M66-Minutes.pdf">N4953 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4953-M66-Minutes.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>"M66.16d", <i>Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 66</i>, 2018-03-23</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9">13.0</td><td rowspan="4">U+1145A</td><td rowspan="4">1</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12003r-newar.pdf">L2/12-003R</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf">N4184</a></td><td>Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29), <i>Proposal to encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17440-newa-double-comma.pdf">L2/17-440</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4933-17440-newa-double-comma.pdf">N4933</a></td><td>A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-24), <i>Proposal to encode the DOUBLE COMMA for Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18039-script-adhoc-rec.pdf">L2/18-039</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "16. Newa", <i>Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18115.htm">L2/18-115</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "D.4.2", <i>UTC #155 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">U+11460..11461</td><td rowspan="5">2</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17369r-newa-jihvamuliya-upadhmaniya.pdf">L2/17-369R</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4932-17369r-newa-jihvamuliya-upadhmaniya.pdf">N4932</a></td><td>A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2017-12-08), <i>Proposal to encode JIHVAMULIYA and UPADHMANIYA for Newa</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17364-pubrev.html">L2/17-364</a></td><td></td><td>McGowan, Rick (2017-10-09), "Indic_Syllabic_Category of Newa jihvamuliya and upadhmaniya", <i>Comments on Public Review Issues (July 26 - October 13, 2017)</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18039-script-adhoc-rec.pdf">L2/18-039</a></td><td></td><td>Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Cook, Richard (2018-01-19), "16. Newa", <i>Recommendations to UTC #154 January 2018 on Script Proposals</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18115.htm">L2/18-115</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2018-05-09), "D.4.1", <i>UTC #155 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n5020-M67-Minutes.pdf">N5020 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n5020-M67-Minutes.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2019-01-11), "10.3.5", <i>Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 67</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Pandey, Anshuman (2011-05-03). "N4038: Preliminary Proposal to Encode the Prachalit Nepal Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4038.pdf" target="_blank">http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4038.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler (2009-04-24). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 5.1.5". Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-5-1-5.html" target="_blank">https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-5-1-5.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler; V.S. Umamaheswaran (2011-11-28). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 6.0.11". Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-11.html" target="_blank">https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-11.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29). "N4184: Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf" target="_blank">http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Michael Everson; Rick McGowan; Ken Whistler; V.S. Umamaheswaran (2012-01-06). "Roadmap to the SMP, Revision 6.0.12". Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-12.html" target="_blank">https://www.unicode.org/roadmaps/smp/smp-6-0-12.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Pandey, Anshuman (2012-02-29). "N4184: Proposal to Encode the Newar Script in ISO/IEC 10646" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf" target="_blank">http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4184.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Dev Dass Manandhar; Samir Karmacharya; Bishnu Chitrakar (2012-02-05). "N4322: Proposal for the Nepālalipi Script in the Universal Character Set for inclusion in the Unicode Standard" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-06-24. <a href="http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4322.pdf" target="_blank">http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/n4322.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>