Project Bacchus

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>The project</h3>
<p>Project Bacchus operated from 1999 to 2000 to investigate whether would-be terrorists could build an <a href="/facts/Anthrax/svk0t5G4">anthrax</a> production facility and remain undetected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> During the two-year simulation, the facility was constructed, and successfully produced an anthrax-like <a href="/facts/Bacterium/wC8xSCsU">bacterium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The participating scientists were able to make about 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of highly refined bacterial particles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
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<h3>Reportage</h3>
<p>The secret Project Bacchus was disclosed in a September 2001 article in <i><a href="/facts/The_New_York_Times/T9marWVX">The New York Times</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Reporters <a href="/facts/Judith_Miller_(journalist)/V3KKjFlf">Judith Miller</a>, Stephen Engelberg and <a href="/facts/William_J._Broad/HgPw0V89">William J. Broad</a> collaborated on the article.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>  Shortly after it appeared, they published a book containing further details.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The book, <i><a href="/facts/Germs:_Biological_Weapons_and_America%27s_Secret_War/Tfx4tPXq">Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War</a></i>, and the article are the only publicly available sources concerning Project Bacchus and its sister projects, <a href="/facts/Project_Clear_Vision/2G0S15kQ">Clear Vision</a> and <a href="/facts/Project_Jefferson/Dm1KtBrl">Jefferson</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
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<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Tucker,_Jonathan_B/emmptfF2">Tucker, Jonathan B</a>. "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517115818/http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2004_10/Tucker.asp">Biological Threat Assessment: Is the Cure Worse Than the Disease?</a>", <i>Arms Control Today</i>, October 2004, accessed January 6, 2009.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Judith_Miller_(journalist)/V3KKjFlf">Miller, Judith</a>, Engelberg, Stephen and <a href="/facts/William_J._Broad/HgPw0V89">Broad, William J.</a> <i>Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War</i>, (<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RBb8ss3GG1MC&dq=nixon+biological+weapons+ban&pg=PA63">Google Books</a>), Simon & Schuster, 2002, (<a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0684871599).</li>
<li>-- "<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/04/world/us-germ-warfare-research-pushes-treaty-limits.html">U.S. Germ Warfare Research Pushes Treaty Limits</a>", <i><a href="/facts/The_New_York_Times/T9marWVX">The New York Times</a></i>, September 4, 2001, accessed January 6, 2009.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Enemark, Christian. Disease and Security: Natural Plagues and Biological Weapons in East Asia, (Google Books), Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-75, (ISBN 0415422345). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>MacKenzie, Debora. Anthrax in Florida and New York "the same strain"", New Scientist, October 18, 2001. Retrieved January 6, 2009. <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1449" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1449</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>MacKenzie, Debora. Anthrax in Florida and New York "the same strain"", New Scientist, October 18, 2001. Retrieved January 6, 2009. <a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1449" target="_blank">https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1449</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Enemark, Christian. Disease and Security: Natural Plagues and Biological Weapons in East Asia, (Google Books), Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-75, (ISBN 0415422345). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Enemark, Christian. Disease and Security: Natural Plagues and Biological Weapons in East Asia, (Google Books), Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-75, (ISBN 0415422345). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Enemark, Christian. Disease and Security: Natural Plagues and Biological Weapons in East Asia, (Google Books), Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-75, (ISBN 0415422345). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Enemark, Christian. Disease and Security: Natural Plagues and Biological Weapons in East Asia, (Google Books), Routledge, 2007, pp. 173-75, (ISBN 0415422345). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=bT9j6lhPHHUC&dq=%22Project+Clear+Vision%22&pg=PA174</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Project Bacchus open-in-new

Project Bacchus