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Zinc nitride
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<h2 id="chemical-properties">Chemical properties</h2> <p>Zinc nitride can be obtained by <a href="/facts/Thermal_decomposition/Qqx9RqkW">thermally decomposing</a> zincamide (zinc diamine)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> in an anaerobic environment, at temperatures in excess of 200 <a href="/facts/Celsius/okAEu1CA">°C</a>. The by-product of the reaction is <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">ammonia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <p>3 Zn(<a href="/facts/Amine/JvfYJfP6">NH2</a>)2 → Zn3N2 + 4 <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">NH3</a></p> <p>It can also be formed by heating zinc to 600 <a href="/facts/Celsius/okAEu1CA">°C</a> in a current of ammonia; the by-product is <a href="/facts/Hydrogen_gas/BoYHjl0J">hydrogen gas</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <p>3 <a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">Zn</a> + 2 <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">NH3</a> → Zn3N2 + 3 <a href="/facts/Hydrogen/BoYHjl0J">H2</a></p><p> The decomposition of Zinc Nitride into the elements at the same temperature is a competing reaction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> At 700 °C Zinc Nitride decomposes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It has also been made by producing an electric discharge between zinc electrodes in a nitrogen atmosphere.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Thin films have been produced by <a href="/facts/Chemical_vapour_deposition/7khLxeU5">chemical vapour deposition</a> of Bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with ammonia gas onto silica or ZnO coated alumina at 275 to 410 °C.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>The crystal structure is anti-<a href="/facts/Isomorphous/pj8KgkxU">isomorphous</a> with <a href="/facts/Manganese(III)_oxide/9k30TI1l">Manganese(III) oxide</a>. (<a href="/facts/Bixbyite/1pWDBBuD">bixbyite</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> The heat of formation is c. 24 kilocalories (100 kJ) per mol.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> It is a semiconductor with a reported bandgap of c. 3.2eV,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> however, a thin zinc nitride film prepared by electrolysis of molten salt mixture containing Li3N with a zinc electrode showed a band-gap of 1.01 eV.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>Zinc nitride reacts violently with <a href="/facts/Water_(molecule)/FFsl65l1">water</a> to form ammonia and <a href="/facts/Zinc_oxide/P7sTyDez">zinc oxide</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <p>Zn3N2 + 3 <a href="/facts/Water_(molecule)/FFsl65l1">H2O</a> → 3 <a href="/facts/Zinc_oxide/P7sTyDez">ZnO</a> + 2 <a href="/facts/Ammonia/MtLtJFtz">NH3</a></p> <p>Zinc nitride reacts with lithium (produced in an electrochemical cell) by insertion. The initial reaction is the irreversible conversion into LiZn in a matrix of <i>beta</i>-<a href="/facts/Lithium_nitride/azAzTMyj">Li3N</a>. These products then can be converted reversibly and electrochemically into LiZnN and metallic Zn.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nitride/9vkrCbJ4">Nitride</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Zinc_nitrate/kBhxG9Uz">Zinc nitrate</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Futsuhara, M.; Yoshioka, K.; Takai, O. (1998). "Structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc nitride thin films prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering". <i>Thin Solid Films</i>. 322 (1): 274–281. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998TSF...322..274F">1998TSF...322..274F</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0040-6090%2897%2900910-3">10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00910-3</a>.</li> <li>Lyutaya, M. D.; Bakuta, S. A. (1980). "Synthesis of the nitrides of Group II elements". <i>Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics</i>. 19 (2): 118–122. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00792038">10.1007/BF00792038</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:93036462">93036462</a>.</li> <li>Wu, P.; Tiedje, T. (2016). "Molecular beam epitaxy growth and optical properties of single crystal Zn3N2 films". <i><a href="/facts/Semiconductor_Science_and_Technology/FkX8m5be">Semiconductor Science and Technology</a></i>. 31 (10): 1–4. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SeScT..31jLT01W">2016SeScT..31jLT01W</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0268-1242%2F31%2F10%2F10LT01">10.1088/0268-1242/31/10/10LT01</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:99713171">99713171</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061018073846/http://www.gfschemicals.com/Search/MSDS/1526MSDS.PDF">Material Safety Data Sheet from GFS Chemicals</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Roscoe, H. E.; Schorlemmer, C. (1907) [1878]. A Treatise on Chemistry: Volume II, The Metals (4th ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 650–651. Retrieved 2007-11-01. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" target="_blank">/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Bloxam, C. L. (1903). Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic (9th ed.). Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co. p. 380. Retrieved 2007-10-31. <a href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryinorga02bloxgoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/chemistryinorga02bloxgoog</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Roscoe, H. E.; Schorlemmer, C. (1907) [1878]. A Treatise on Chemistry: Volume II, The Metals (4th ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 650–651. Retrieved 2007-11-01. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" target="_blank">/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Lowry, M. T. (1922). Inorganic Chemistry. Macmillan. p. 872. Retrieved 2007-11-01. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Martin_Lowry" target="_blank">/wiki/Thomas_Martin_Lowry</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Maxtead, E.B. (1921), Ammonia and the Nitrides, pp. 69–20 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (96 ed.), §4-100 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Maxtead, E.B. (1921), Ammonia and the Nitrides, pp. 69–20 <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Mellor, J.W. (1964), A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 8, Part 1, pp. 160–161 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Maile, E.; Fischer, R. A. (Oct 2005), "MOCVD of the Cubic Zinc Nitride Phase, Zn3N2, Using Zn[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Ammonia as Precursors", Chemical Vapor Deposition, 11 (10): 409–414, doi:10.1002/cvde.200506383 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Partin, D. E.; Williams, D. J.; O'Keeffe, M. (1997). "The Crystal Structures of Mg3N2 and Zn3N2". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 132 (1): 56–59. Bibcode:1997JSSCh.132...56P. doi:10.1006/jssc.1997.7407. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Mellor, J.W. (1964), A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 8, Part 1, pp. 160–161 <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Mellor, J.W. (1964), A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, vol. 8, Part 1, pp. 160–161 <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Ebru, S.T.; Ramazan, E.; Hamide, K. (2007), "Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Nitride Films Prepared by Pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Deposition" (PDF), Chin. Phys. Lett., 24 (12): 3477, Bibcode:2007ChPhL..24.3477S, doi:10.1088/0256-307x/24/12/051, S2CID 123496085 <a href="http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/fileup/PDF/2007-1061.pdf" target="_blank">http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/fileup/PDF/2007-1061.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Toyoura, Kazuaki; Tsujimura, Hiroyuki; Goto, Takuya; Hachiya, Kan; Hagiwara, Rika; Ito, Yasuhiko (2005), "Optical properties of zinc nitride formed by molten salt electrochemical process", Thin Solid Films, 492 (1–2): 88–92, Bibcode:2005TSF...492...88T, doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.06.057 <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Roscoe, H. E.; Schorlemmer, C. (1907) [1878]. A Treatise on Chemistry: Volume II, The Metals (4th ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 650–651. Retrieved 2007-11-01. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" target="_blank">/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Bloxam, C. L. (1903). Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic (9th ed.). Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co. p. 380. Retrieved 2007-10-31. <a href="https://archive.org/details/chemistryinorga02bloxgoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/chemistryinorga02bloxgoog</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Amatucci, G. G.; Pereira, N. (2004). "Nitride and Silicide Negative Electrodes". In Nazri, G.-A.; Pistoia, G. (eds.). Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-4020-7628-2. Retrieved 2007-11-01. <a href="978-1-4020-7628-2" target="_blank">978-1-4020-7628-2</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Pereiraa, N.; Klein, L.C.; Amatuccia, G.G. (2002), "The Electrochemistry of Zn3 N 2 and LiZnN - A Lithium Reaction Mechanism for Metal Nitride Electrodes", Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149 (3): A262, Bibcode:2002JElS..149A.262P, doi:10.1149/1.1446079 <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>