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Decision cycle
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<h2 id="examples-of-decision-cycles">Examples of decision cycles</h2> <ul><li>In <a href="/facts/Quality_control/lnXbvqvp">quality control</a>, <a href="/facts/PDCA/EQD5d1UD">PDCA</a> (Plan–Do–Check–Act) is used.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Science/IJoaD7rs">science</a>, the <a href="/facts/Scientific_method/182j8RWE">scientific method</a> (Observation–Hypothesis–Experiment–Evaluation) can also be seen as a decision cycle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/United_States_Armed_Forces/NHVsU9Id">United States Armed Forces</a>, a theory of an <a href="/facts/OODA_loop/hCzUxTTl">OODA loop</a> (Observe–Orient–Decide–Act) has been advocated by Colonel <a href="/facts/John_Boyd_(military_strategist)/lBhen1zj">John Boyd</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/Lean_startup/S2HqUmfT">lean startup</a> methodology, the <a href="/facts/Lean_startup/S2HqUmfT">Build-Measure-Learn</a> loop is used to guide product development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Management/8KMV9yMM">management</a>, <a href="/facts/Herbert_A._Simon/NNHhQ2bS">Herbert A. Simon</a> proposed a decision cycle of three steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Much later, other scholars expanded his framework to five steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice–Implementation–Learning).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Design_thinking/8a481c2b">design thinking</a>, the <a href="/facts/Design_process/kR4GNeja">design process</a> is often conceived as a decision cycle (or design cycle), such as Robert McKim's ETC (Express–Test–Cycle).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/Getting_Things_Done/2PlYPq3t">Getting Things Done</a> <a href="/facts/Time_management/g2kdl0C8">time management</a> method, workflow consists of a cycle of five stages (Collect–Process–Organize–Do–Review).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li>In the <a href="/facts/Nursing_process/NdYVUlpY">nursing process</a>, the ADPIE (Assessment–Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Evaluation) process is used.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Alternatively, the ASPIRE (Assessment–Systematic Nursing Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Recheck–Evaluation) model includes an additional stage—Recheck—in between Implementation and Evaluation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Psychotherapy/n2hDjaop">psychotherapy</a>, the <a href="/facts/Transtheoretical_model/xCDs6Il0">transtheoretical model</a> posits five stages of intentional change (Precontemplation–Contemplation–Preparation–Action–Maintenance). These stages were initially conceived as linear, but <a href="/facts/John_C._Norcross/9LseUvup">John C. Norcross</a> said that for many people the stages are more appropriately viewed as a cycle (Psych–Prep–Perspire–Persist–Relapse).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li>In <a href="/facts/USAID/7LRWB5Hy">USAID</a>, the use of a program cycle, "codified in the Automated Directive Systems (ADS) 201, is USAID's operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to achieve more effective and sustainable results in order to advance U.S. foreign policy".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Relatedly, within the agency there exists resources regarding adaptive management decision cycles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Adaptive_management/ST9hnWMf">Adaptive management</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Decision_tree/XDVeGlkJ">Decision tree</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Decisional_balance_sheet/eWzXDkFn">Decisional balance sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Feedback/XnuWH3zp">Feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Learning_cycle/eo5bQzPu">Learning cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Systems_development_lifecycle/qo6p4j6Y">Systems development lifecycle</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Virtuous_circle_and_vicious_circle/jGAJzfQX">Virtuous circle and vicious circle</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Intelligence_cycle/ShC5yFYw">Intelligence cycle</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Simohammed, Antar; Smail, Rachid (September 2021). "A decision loop for situation risk assessment under uncertainty: A case study of a gas facility". Petroleum. 7 (3): 343–348. Bibcode:2021Pet.....7..343S. doi:10.1016/j.petlm.2021.01.004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.petlm.2021.01.004" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.petlm.2021.01.004</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Shores, A. Richard (1988). Survival of the fittest: total quality control and management evolution. Milwaukee, WI: ASQC Quality Press. p. 59. ISBN 087389040X. OCLC 18845934. <a href="087389040X" target="_blank">087389040X</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Darian, Steven G. (2003). "The language of experiments". Understanding the language of science. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 148. ISBN 0292716176. OCLC 51210597. <a href="0292716176" target="_blank">0292716176</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Dubberly, Hugh; Evenson, Shelley; Chung, Jack; Bahr, Robin; Pangaro, Paul (20 March 2009). "A model of the creative process". Retrieved 14 March 2015. <a href="http://www.dubberly.com/concept-maps/creative-process.html" target="_blank">http://www.dubberly.com/concept-maps/creative-process.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Osinga, Frans P. B. (2007) [2005]. "Completing the loop". Science, strategy and war: the strategic theory of John Boyd. Strategy and history. Vol. 18. London; New York: Routledge. p. 234. ISBN 978-0415371032. OCLC 67773991. <a href="978-0415371032" target="_blank">978-0415371032</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Ries, Eric (2011). The lean startup: how today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. New York: Crown Business. p. 76. ISBN 9780307887894. OCLC 693809631. <a href="9780307887894" target="_blank">9780307887894</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Simon, Herbert A. (1977) [1960]. The new science of management decision (Revised ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0136161448. OCLC 2464596. <a href="0136161448" target="_blank">0136161448</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Mora, Manuel; Forgionne, Guisseppi; Cervantes, Francisco; Garrido, Leonardo; Gupta, Jatinder N. D.; Gelman, Ovsei (January 2005). "Toward a comprehensive framework for the design and evaluation of intelligent decision-making support systems (i-DMSS)". Journal of Decision Systems. 14 (3): 321–344. doi:10.3166/jds.14.321-344. S2CID 5171106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>McKim, Robert H. (1980) [1972]. Experiences in visual thinking (2nd ed.). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. ISBN 0818504110. OCLC 5946609. <a href="0818504110" target="_blank">0818504110</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Dubberly, Hugh; Evenson, Shelley; Chung, Jack; Bahr, Robin; Pangaro, Paul (20 March 2009). "A model of the creative process". Retrieved 14 March 2015. <a href="http://www.dubberly.com/concept-maps/creative-process.html" target="_blank">http://www.dubberly.com/concept-maps/creative-process.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Allen, David (2001). "Getting control of your life: the five stages of mastering workflow". Getting things done: the art of stress-free productivity. New York: Viking Press. p. 24. ISBN 0670889067. OCLC 44868871. <a href="0670889067" target="_blank">0670889067</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Alfaro-LeFevre, Rosalinda (2014) [1986]. Applying nursing process: the foundation for clinical reasoning (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781609136970. OCLC 793572204. See also: Ackley, Betty J.; Ladwig, Gail B. (2014) [1993]. Nursing diagnosis handbook: an evidence-based guide to planning care (10th ed.). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. p. 10. ISBN 9780323085496. OCLC 779260503. <a href="97816091369709780323085496" target="_blank">97816091369709780323085496</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Barrett, David; Wilson, Benita; Woollands, Andrea (2012) [2009]. Care planning: a guide for nurses (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Education. p. 21. ISBN 9780273746119. OCLC 766301888. <a href="9780273746119" target="_blank">9780273746119</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Norcross, John C.; Loberg, Kristin; Norcross, Jonathon (2012). Changeology: 5 steps to realizing your goals and resolutions. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 196. ISBN 9781451657616. <a href="9781451657616" target="_blank">9781451657616</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"USAID: Program Cycle Overview". usaidlearninglab.org. Retrieved 2022-09-28. <a href="https://usaidlearninglab.org/learning-at-usaid/program-cycle-overview-page" target="_blank">https://usaidlearninglab.org/learning-at-usaid/program-cycle-overview-page</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Knowing When to Adapt – A Decision Tree". usaidlearninglab.org. Retrieved 2022-09-28. <a href="https://usaidlearninglab.org/resources/knowing-when-adapt-decision-tree" target="_blank">https://usaidlearninglab.org/resources/knowing-when-adapt-decision-tree</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>