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OSO 3
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<h2 id="instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2> Experiments on board OSO 3<table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Target</th><th>Principal Investigator</th></tr><tr><td>High Energy Gamma Ray (> 50 MeV)</td><td>anti-solar</td><td>Kraushaar, W. L., <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></td></tr><tr><td>Cosmic Ray Spectrum Detector and Gamma Ray Analyzer</td><td><a href="/facts/Sun/CadPCVHh">Sun</a>, all-sky</td><td>Kaplon, Morton F, <a href="/facts/University_of_Rochester/RT7TWLzd">University of Rochester</a></td></tr><tr><td>Directional Radiometer Experiment</td><td><a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a></td><td>Neel, Carr B Jr, <a href="/facts/NASA_Ames_Research_Center/DQUsdLam">NASA Ames Research Center</a></td></tr><tr><td>Earth Albedo (0.32- to 0.78-μm)</td><td>Earth</td><td>Neel, Carr B Jr, NASA Ames Research Center</td></tr><tr><td>Solar EUV Spectrometer 0.1 to 40.0 nm</td><td>Sun</td><td>Neupert, Werner M, <a href="/facts/NASA_Goddard_Space_Flight_Center/WfoEKknM">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a></td></tr><tr><td>0.8- to 1.2-nm Solar X-Ray Ion Chamber</td><td>Sun</td><td>Teske, Richard G, <a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">University of Michigan</a></td></tr><tr><td>Solar and Celestial Gamma-Ray Telescope (7.7 to 200 keV)</td><td>Sun, all-sky</td><td><a href="/facts/Laurence_E._Peterson/r8LxNs4q">Laurence E. Peterson</a> <a href="/facts/University_of_California,_San_Diego/srMClpNv">University of California, San Diego</a></td></tr><tr><td>Thermal Radiation Emissivity</td><td>near-Earth space environment</td><td>Neel, Carr B Jr, NASA Ames Research Center</td></tr><tr><td>Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer</td><td>Sun</td><td>Hinteregger, Hans E, <a href="/facts/Phillips_Laboratory/LVr2bC0d">Phillips Laboratory</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Sail carried a hard X-ray experiment from UCSD, with a single thin NaI(Tl) scintillation crystal plus phototube enclosed in a howitzer-shaped CsI(Tl) anti-coincidence shield. The energy resolution was 45% at 30 keV. The instrument operated from 7.7 to 210 keV with 6 channels. The Principal Investigator (PI) was Prof. <a href="/facts/Laurence_E._Peterson/r8LxNs4q">Laurence E. Peterson</a> of <a href="/facts/UCSD/srMClpNv">UCSD</a>. Also in the wheel was a cosmic gamma-ray (>50 <a href="/facts/MeV/YMT1fqX9">MeV</a>) sky survey instrument contributed by <a href="/facts/MIT/Xk49vNA8">MIT</a>, with PI Prof. William L. Kraushaar. </p> <h2 id="scientific-results">Scientific results</h2> <p>OSO-3 obtained extensive hard X-ray observations of solar flares, the cosmic <a href="/facts/Diffuse_X-ray_background/LdWyPnzA">diffuse X-ray background</a>, and multiple observations of <a href="/facts/Scorpius_X-1/X9oSmGF3">Scorpius X-1</a>, the first observation of an extrasolar X-ray source by an observatory satellite.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>The MIT gamma-ray instrument obtained the first identification of high-energy cosmic gamma rays emanating from both galactic and extra-galactic sources.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Spaceflight portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Orbiting_Solar_Observatory/WEmJHVSK">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/X-ray_astronomy/KAQ6WxgQ">X-ray astronomy</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <p><i>The content of this article was adapted and expanded from NASA's HEASARC: Observatories OSO 3 <a href="https://archive.today/20121212094414/http://heasarc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso3.html">[2]</a> and NASA's National Space Science Data Center: OSO 3 <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-020A">[3]</a> (Public Domain)</i> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>NASA GSFC X-ray Astronomy Satellites and Missions <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980224154422/http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/sats_n_data/xray_missions.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/19980224154422/http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/sats_n_data/xray_missions.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>[1] GSFC HEASARC "The Third Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO-3)" <a href="https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso3.html" target="_blank">https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/missions/oso3.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Peterson, Laurence E.; Jacobson, Allan S.; Pelling, R. M. (January 24, 1966). "Spectrum of Crab Nebula X Rays to 120 keV". Physical Review Letters. 16 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 142–144. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.16.142. hdl:2060/19660015394. ISSN 0031-9007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Peterson, Laurence E.; Jacobson, Allan S. (1966). "The Spectrum of Scorpius XR-1 to 50 KEV". The Astrophysical Journal. 145. American Astronomical Society: 962. Bibcode:1966ApJ...145..962P. doi:10.1086/148848. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F148848" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1086%2F148848</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hudson, Hugh S.; Peterson, Laurence E.; Schwartz, Daniel A. (1970). "Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Observations of SCO X-1 Flares". The Astrophysical Journal. 159. American Astronomical Society: L51. Bibcode:1970ApJ...159L..51H. doi:10.1086/180476. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Pelling, R. M. 1971, Ph.D. dissertation thesis, University of California at San Diego <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Kraushaar, W. L.; Clark, G. W.; Garmire, G. P.; Borken, R.; Higbie, P.; Leong, V.; Thorsos, T. (1972). "High-Energy Cosmic Gamma-Ray Observations from the OSO-3 Satellite". The Astrophysical Journal. 177. American Astronomical Society: 341-363. Bibcode:1972ApJ...177..341K. doi:10.1086/151713. ISSN 0004-637X. <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_L._Kraushaar&action=edit&redlink=1" target="_blank">/w/index.php?title=William_L._Kraushaar&action=edit&redlink=1</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>