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1830 in science
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<h2 id="astronomy">Astronomy</h2> <ul><li>March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed in <a href="/facts/Mauritius/lVUARna5">Mauritius</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Johann_Heinrich_M%C3%A4dler/Ma2z9Ub1">Johann Heinrich Mädler</a> and <a href="/facts/Wilhelm_Beer/yXhIJtd1">Wilhelm Beer</a> produce the first map of the surface of Mars.</li></ul> <h2 id="biology">Biology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Charles_Bell/gKnT2dN2">Charles Bell</a> publishes his <i>Nervous System of the Human Body</i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/William_Jackson_Hooker/vFUbLV99">William Jackson Hooker</a> commences publication of <i>The British Flora</i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="exploration">Exploration</h2> <ul><li>October 14 – <a href="/facts/HMS_Beagle/65CVQxEK">HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> returns to England from her first voyage, a <a href="/facts/Hydrography/FP9yHxSv">hydrographic</a> survey of the <a href="/facts/Patagonia/HmNlUCh5">Patagonia</a> and <a href="/facts/Tierra_del_Fuego/cHbg7wpL">Tierra del Fuego</a> regions of South America.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Southern_Ocean_Expedition/Plyj13hS">Southern Ocean Expedition</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Biscoe/uKLTbNwI">John Biscoe</a> sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the <a href="/facts/Southern_Ocean/F15W9ADT">Southern Ocean</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="geology">Geology</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Charles_Lyell/6cAM8yRE">Charles Lyell</a> publishes the first volume of his <i><a href="/facts/Principles_of_Geology/wA3UNkw2">Principles of Geology</a>, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation</i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="medicine">Medicine</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Thomas_Southwood_Smith/pzTn7t5A">Thomas Southwood Smith</a> publishes the standard textbook <i>A Treatise on Fever</i> in <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a>.</li> <li>Approximate date – The chain <a href="/facts/Osteotome/GlEbCy6d">osteotome</a>, a form of <a href="/facts/Chainsaw/ndhINGwe">chainsaw</a>, is invented by German orthopaedist <a href="/facts/Bernhard_Heine/RpbgjC2e">Bernhard Heine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="technology">Technology</h2> <ul><li>July 13 – <a href="/facts/John_Ruggles/XlmdB3Sb">John Ruggles</a> is granted <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a> <a href="/facts/Patent/LjT2bG3A">patent</a> <a href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US1">No. 1</a>, for applying <a href="/facts/Rack_railway/Vm8EVjEM">rack railway</a> equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads".</li> <li>August 31 – <a href="/facts/Edwin_Beard_Budding/6zgurYek">Edwin Budding</a> is granted a <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a> patent for the <a href="/facts/Lawnmower/sVtTfejM">lawnmower</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Aeneas_Coffey/GIAgPba6">Aeneas Coffey</a> is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved <a href="/facts/Column_still/gqBGzPTm">column still</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Eaton_Hodgkinson/Ab4Jg3qD">Eaton Hodgkinson</a> publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum <a href="/facts/Cross_section_(geometry)/g5R1c6v2">cross section</a> for <a href="/facts/Cast_iron/lASt55k2">cast iron</a> <a href="/facts/Beam_(structure)/V9BPDeS8">structural beams</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>Stephen H. Long designs the <a href="/facts/Truss_bridge/2ufXUJMQ">Long truss</a> wooden bridge.</li></ul> <h2 id="institutions">Institutions</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Royal_Geographical_Society/hqVnM4Ln">Geographical Society of London</a> established.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="publications">Publications</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Charles_Babbage/T3jklQcd">Charles Babbage</a> publishes <i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3bgPAAAAMAAJ&q=charles+babbage">Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Auguste_Comte/Jr0EkS1q">Auguste Comte</a> begins publication of his <i><a href="/facts/Course_of_Positive_Philosophy/dJT4YBa5">Course of Positive Philosophy</a> (Cours de Philosophie Positive)</i>.</li></ul> <h2 id="awards">Awards</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Copley_Medal/bBwd6QzN">Copley Medal</a>: not awarded<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li>March 5 – <a href="/facts/%C3%89tienne-Jules_Marey/Qfl1D0rA">Étienne-Jules Marey</a> (died <a href="/facts/1904_in_science/qfWv7vt5">1904</a>), French <a href="/facts/Physiologist/fh25y2pQ">physiologist</a>.</li> <li>March 5 – <a href="/facts/Charles_Wyville_Thomson/nVmqmEF6">Charles Wyville Thomson</a> (died <a href="/facts/1882_in_science/33pFPWcL">1882</a>), Scottish <a href="/facts/Marine_biology/3pNR9o6L">marine biologist</a>.</li> <li>April 21 – <a href="/facts/Cl%C3%A9mence_Royer/ESDCDkWB">Clémence Royer</a> (died <a href="/facts/1902_in_science/W8wVthdY">1902</a>), French anthropologist.</li> <li>May 10 – <a href="/facts/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie_Raoult/GRVRW4tr">François-Marie Raoult</a> (died <a href="/facts/1901_in_science/PbHMXfG4">1901</a>), French <a href="/facts/Chemist/N09K7Bdm">chemist</a>.</li> <li>May 11 (April 29 <a href="/facts/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates/kb3020Wy">O.S.</a>) – <a href="/facts/Emanoil_Bacaloglu/5rY8KIJ6">Emanoil Bacaloglu</a> (died <a href="/facts/1891_in_science/QJnrB8AD">1891</a>), Romanian <a href="/facts/Polymath/eqIfjQRu">polymath</a>.</li> <li>August 19 – <a href="/facts/Lothar_Meyer/wmP1vaT6">Lothar Meyer</a> (died <a href="/facts/1895_in_science/j51E1l1p">1895</a>), German chemist.</li> <li>September 7 – <a href="/facts/Mary_Treat/9YAUzaKl">Mary Treat</a> (died <a href="/facts/1923_in_science/P8DhUfan">1923</a>), American naturalist.</li> <li>October 24 – <a href="/facts/Marianne_North/fpvF0T69">Marianne North</a> (died <a href="/facts/1890_in_science/psoT8gKJ">1890</a>), English <a href="/facts/Botanist/PaIRoxnb">botanist</a>.</li> <li>November 20 – <a href="/facts/Sigismond_Jaccoud/bQ8WV2qI">Sigismond Jaccoud</a> (died <a href="/facts/1913_in_science/6nl9Anqy">1913</a>), Swiss <a href="/facts/Physician/qJ3woFvG">physician</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li>March 2 – <a href="/facts/Samuel_Thomas_von_S%C3%B6mmerring/bLKQ3NsL">Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring</a> (born <a href="/facts/1755_in_science/ItatQVjG">1755</a>), German <a href="/facts/Physician/qJ3woFvG">physician</a>, <a href="/facts/Anatomist/p8TCWJuV">anatomist</a>, <a href="/facts/Paleontologist/60n5yldd">paleontologist</a> and <a href="/facts/Inventor/P3LdUHBY">inventor</a>.</li> <li>March 29 – <a href="/facts/James_Rennell/4bExeVKm">James Rennell</a> (born <a href="/facts/1742_in_science/DVLngra2">1742</a>), English <a href="/facts/Cartographer/8YdDAAeX">cartographer</a> and <a href="/facts/Oceanographer/LtrG6peD">oceanographer</a>.</li> <li>May 16 – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Fourier/sKvYF2fz">Joseph Fourier</a> (born <a href="/facts/1768_in_science/HmU2rre0">1768</a>), French <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a>.</li> <li>August 24 – <a href="/facts/Louis_Pierre_Vieillot/fIQs3wym">Louis Pierre Vieillot</a> (born <a href="/facts/1748_in_science/MF2KD27E">1748</a>), French <a href="/facts/Ornithologist/5reEUbx1">ornithologist</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Clelia_Durazzo_Grimaldi/ERptMqlW">Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi</a> (born <a href="/facts/1760_in_science/IMCaQsVV">1760</a>), Italian botanist.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Antarctic History, antarcticaonline.com". Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-19. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810023151/http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070810023151/http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Heine, Bernhard (1834-09-27). Wakley, Thomas (ed.). "New Instrument Called the Osteotome Designed for the Ablation of Bones". The Lancet. 1. London: 127–133. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wakley" target="_blank">/wiki/Thomas_Wakley</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Schullian, Dorothy M.; Seufert, Wolf D. (1980). "The Chain Osteotome by Heine". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. XXXV (4): 454–459. doi:10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454. PMID 7005321. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Peltier, Leonard F. (1993). Orthopedics: History and Iconography. Norman Publishing. pp. 37–. ISBN 9780930405472. Retrieved 2012-12-02. <a href="9780930405472" target="_blank">9780930405472</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Tillmanns, Hermann (1895). The principles of surgery and surgical pathology: general rules governing operations and the application of dressings. D. Appleton & Company. pp. 84–. Retrieved 2012-12-02. <a href="https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Theoretical and Experimental Researches to Ascertain the strength and best forms of Iron beams". Memoirs of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 2nd ser. 5:407-544. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"History of the Society". Royal Geographical Society. Retrieved 2023-02-25. <a href="http://www.rgs.org/aboutus/history.htm" target="_blank">http://www.rgs.org/aboutus/history.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2020. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>