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Gyps
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>The genus <i>Gyps</i> was introduced in 1809 by the French zoologist <a href="/facts/Marie_Jules_C%C3%A9sar_Savigny/KRn0gG1C">Marie Jules César Savigny</a> to accommodate the <a href="/facts/Eurasian_griffon_vulture/QPkc9Noq">Eurasian griffon vulture</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> The genus name is from <a href="/facts/Ancient_Greek/LIK7NlUh">Ancient Greek</a> <i>gups</i> meaning "vulture".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The genus contains eight extant species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Image</th><th>Name</th><th>Distribution and <a href="/facts/IUCN_Red_List/8gemqCLu">IUCN Red List</a> status</th></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Eurasian_griffon_vulture/QPkc9Noq">Eurasian griffon vulture</a> <i>G. fulvus</i> (<a href="/facts/Carl_Ludwig_Hablitz/1EFUlrX1">Hablitz</a>, 1783)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td><td>LC<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/White-rumped_vulture/1thgcElp">White-rumped vulture</a> <i>G. bengalensis</i> (<a href="/facts/Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin/D6vkCly0">Gmelin</a>, 1788)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td><td>India and Nepal, PakistanCR<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Cape_vulture/kQgxLBdD">Cape vulture</a> <i>G. coprotheres</i> (<a href="/facts/Johann_Reinhold_Forster/BRw9NJc0">Forster</a>, 1798)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td><td>Southern Africa<p>VU<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Indian_vulture/a3RJXrvz">Indian vulture</a> <i>G. indicus</i> (<a href="/facts/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli/Pc8CPo5a">Scopoli</a>, 1786)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td>Pakistan, India and NepalCR<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Slender-billed_vulture/Hc2nMSSh">Slender-billed vulture</a> <i>G. tenuirostris</i> <a href="/facts/George_Robert_Gray/wgvPxm8e">Gray</a>, 1844<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td>IndiaCR<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/R%C3%BCppell%27s_vulture/E53YrwHt">Rüppell's vulture</a> <i>G. rueppelli</i> (<a href="/facts/Alfred_Brehm/8VDwrSDz">Brehm</a>, 1852)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sahel/LEmEpoaR">Sahel</a> and East AfricaCR<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/White-backed_vulture/5bVewYce">White-backed vulture</a> <i>G. africanus</i> <a href="/facts/Tommaso_Salvadori/uPJMbSW8">Salvadori</a>, 1865<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td>West and center, East, Southern AfricaCR<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Himalayan_vulture/DXpqtBgz">Himalayan vulture</a> <i>G. himalayensis</i> <a href="/facts/Allan_Octavian_Hume/yCI9xmpK">Hume</a>, 1869<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td>NT<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two fossil species have been described: </p> <ul><li>† Maltese vulture <i>G. melitensis</i> <a href="/facts/Richard_Lydekker/s1DGWa1Y">Lydekker</a>, 1890<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> – Fossil remains were found in <a href="/facts/Middle_Pleistocene/UIH3W1Uk">Middle</a> to <a href="/facts/Late_Pleistocene/jKVh7yXL">Late Pleistocene</a> sites all over the central and eastern <a href="/facts/Mediterranean/Vr2pzVbM">Mediterranean</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>† <i>G. bochenskii</i> Boev, 2010 – Fossil remains were found near <a href="/facts/Varshets/3mbfNXzT">Varshets</a> in northwestern <a href="/facts/Bulgaria/Er5pY3YS">Bulgaria</a> that were dated to the <a href="/facts/Late_Pliocene/HTz5dn47">Late Pliocene</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Savigny, Marie Jules César (1809). Description de l'Égypte: Histoire naturelle (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie impériale. pp. 68, 71. <a href="/wiki/Marie_Jules_C%C3%A9sar_Savigny" target="_blank">/wiki/Marie_Jules_C%C3%A9sar_Savigny</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" target="_blank">/wiki/Ernst_Mayr</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. <a href="978-1-4081-2501-4" target="_blank">978-1-4081-2501-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 December 2022. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)" target="_blank">/wiki/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hablitz, C. L. (1783). "Vultur fulvus Briss". Neue nordische Beyträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völkerbeschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Oekonomie. 4: 58–59. <a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:%5b62%5d,%22view%22:%22info%22}" target="_blank">https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN332461483_0004?tify={%22pages%22:%5b62%5d,%22view%22:%22info%22}</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695219A118593677. <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" target="_blank">/wiki/BirdLife_International</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Gmelin, J. F. (1788). "Vultur bengalensis". Caroli a Linné, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. I (13th aucta, reformata ed.). Lipsiae: Georg Emanuel Beer. pp. 245–246. <a href="https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/carolialinnsyst00linngoog/page/n259/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695194A118307773. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695194/118307773" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695194/118307773</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Forster, J. R. (1798). "Le Chasse-siente, der Rothjäger. No. 10 (V. Coprotheres)". F. le Vaillant's Naturgeschichte der afrikanischen Vögel. Halle: Bey Fried. Christoph Dreyssig. pp. 35–37. <a href="https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/flevaillantsnatu00leva/page/n71/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>BirdLife International (2021). "Gyps coprotheres". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22695225A197073171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22695225A197073171.en. Retrieved 10 December 2021. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695225/197073171" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695225/197073171</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Scopoli, J. A. (1786–88). "Aves". Deliciae Flora et Fauna Insubricae Ticini. An account including new descriptions of the birds and mammals collected by Pierre Sonnerat on his voyages. London: C. J. Clay. pp. 7–18. <a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/cu31924005326800/page/n13/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729731A117875047. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729731/117875047" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729731/117875047</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Gray, G.R. (1844). "Vulturinae, or Vultures". The genera of birds : comprising their generic characters, a notice of the habits of each genus, and an extensive list of species referred to their several genera. Vol. 1. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 5–6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/generabirdsIGray/page/6/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps tenuirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22729460A117367614. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729460/117367614" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729460/117367614</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Brehm, A. (1852). "Beiträge zur Ornithologie Nord-Ost Afrikas, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die in Europa vorkommenden Arten der Vögel". Naumannia. 2 (3): 38–51. <a href="https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/naumanniaarchivf02deut/page/44/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>BirdLife International (2017). "Gyps rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22695207A118595083. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695207/118595083" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695207/118595083</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Salvadori, T. (1865). "Descrizione di una nuova species d'Avoltojo (Gyps africana)". Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia (126): 1. <a href="http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM" target="_blank">http://augusto.agid.gov.it/gazzette/index/download/id/1865126_PM</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>BirdLife International (2018). "Gyps africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22695189A126667006. <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" target="_blank">/wiki/BirdLife_International</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Hume, A. O. H. (1869). "Gyps fulvus, Gmel. (Gyps himalayensis, nobis.)". My scrap book: or rough notes on Indian oology and ornithology. Calcutta: C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 12–18. <a href="https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/myscrapbookorrou00hume/page/12/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>BirdLife International (2016). "Gyps himalayensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22695215A118594518. <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695215/118594518" target="_blank">https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22695215/118594518</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Lydekker, R. (1890). "On the remains of some large extinct birds from the cavern-deposits of Malta". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 28 (III): 403–411. <a href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen90scie/page/404/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Marco, A. S. (2007). "New occurrences of the extinct vulture Gyps melitensis (Falconiformes, Aves) and a reappraisal of the paleospecies". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (4): 1057–1061. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[1057:NOOTEV]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 198131101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Boev, Z. (2010). "Gyps bochenskii sp. n. (Aves: Falconiformes) from the Late Pliocene of Varshets (NW Bulgaria)". Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 62 (2): 211–242. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297836235" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297836235</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>