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X 2000
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<h2 id="background-and-development">Background and development</h2> <p>The X2 was developed to address the challenges posed by <a href="/facts/Rail_transport_in_Sweden/UNnFChUx">Sweden's railway network</a>, which features numerous sharp curves (like in almost all countries) due to the country's geography.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> At the same time, Sweden’s low population density made the construction of dedicated high-speed rail lines impractical before 1990. </p><p>To overcome these constraints, the X2 was designed as a tilting train, allowing it to maintain theoretically 15 % higher speeds while navigating curves. Tilting trains can comfortably travel through curves up to 15% faster speeds than conventional non-tilting trains, without the need for significant infrastructure changes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>The X2 project began in 1969 as a collaboration between <a href="/facts/Kalmar_Verkstad/ot5r5b4N">Kalmar Verkstad</a>, <a href="/facts/Statens_J%C3%A4rnv%C3%A4gar/hIqnFnCd">Statens Järnvägar</a>, and <a href="/facts/ASEA/pCp2r8dn">Asea</a>. Testing started in the 1970s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>In the late 1960s, an <a href="/facts/SL_X1/w2uarozx">X1</a> multiple unit was modified with a <a href="/facts/Tilting_train/X0fFSfVU">tilting carbody</a> on new Asea bogies with pneumatic cylinders. Later, an <a href="/facts/SJ_X5/tDkofKPB">X5</a> train was adapted for high-speed tests designated X15, featuring hydraulic tilt control. X15 data informed X2 development, and an X2 prototype car (X15-4) was tested in the same trainset. In August 1986, <a href="/facts/SJ_AB/Sqe0RXUa">SJ</a> ordered the first X2 trainsets from Kalmar Verkstad and Asea. </p><p>Manufacturing introduced new welding and structural techniques, producing a rigid, collision-absorbing body with reduced corrosion and maintenance needs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The X2 influenced later trains, including the <a href="/facts/SL_C20/EpKmYzfA">C20 (Stockholm metro)</a>, <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">Bombardier Regina</a>, <a href="/facts/%C3%98resundst%C3%A5g/E45t09bh">X31</a>, the <a href="/facts/NSB_Class_71/NQW0cfu8">NSB Class 71</a> in Norway, and the <a href="/facts/Alstom_Movia/arhm5fJS">Bombardier Movia</a> series.[in what way?] </p><p>The X2 entered commercial service on 4 September 1990 between <a href="/facts/Stockholm/sD74W4Pm">Stockholm</a> and <a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Production ended in March–April 1998. </p> <h2 id="name">Name</h2> <p>According to <a href="/facts/Swedish_State_Railways/hIqnFnCd">Swedish State Railways</a>’s classification system, <a href="/facts/Electric_multiple_unit/DMfyIY2n">electric multiple units</a> (<a href="/facts/Swedish_language/1DkSIXkH">Swedish</a>: <i>Elmotorvagn</i>) were assigned designations starting with "X". This convention has applied to various SJ train types, such as the <a href="/facts/SJ_X5/tDkofKPB">X5</a> and <a href="/facts/SJ_X40/ICIuWQ7q">X40</a> units, and has also been used by other companies, such as <a href="/facts/Storstockholms_Lokaltrafik/cEGNhyAR">SL</a>'s <a href="/facts/SJ_X5/tDkofKPB">X10</a> commuter trains and <a href="/facts/SL_X15p/A6q8VTMs">X15p</a> local trains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>The X2 tractive unit is a locomotive with four axles, an axle load of 18,5 tonnes and a maximum continous power of 3 260 kW (Rc-locomotive 3 600 kW). </p><p>The official designation of the X 2000 is X2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> The name started as X 2000 a marketing concept for their service introduced when the trains entered service in 1990, and has since been used by SJ to refer to the train type itself.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The trains were also used by <a href="/facts/Linx_(railway_company)/CqFqBeDh">Linx</a>, a joint venture with NSB, without the X2000 name.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>Since December 2011, SJ services using X2 or <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">X55</a> trains are referred to SJ High-Speed Train (<a href="/facts/Swedish_language/1DkSIXkH">Swedish</a>: <i>SJ Snabbtåg</i>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> The train has also been labelled as <i>SJ X2</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> and <i>SJ2000.</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="speed">Speed</h2> <p>The train's designated top speed is 210 km/h (130 mph). It reached 276 km/h (171 mph) during a trial run with double power car units in 1993. The maximum speed allowed in regular traffic is 200 km/h (125 mph) for safety reasons – the signalling system (and systems like the <a href="/facts/Overhead_lines/bfrXA9Em">catenary</a>) are not built for higher speeds, and it shares the track with regular trains (like in most countries); also, most of the lines it uses were built in the mid-to-late 19th century. The 19th century railways Stockholm–Gothenburg/Malmö are relatively straight, since they were planned the shortest way without taking intermediate cities into account, and the landscape is relatively flat. Other 19th-century railways are generally curvier. </p><p>In comparison to other high-speed trains, the X 2000 is not particularly fast; but compared to regular train services, it cuts journey time by about 10–15% – enough to make it competitive with airlines on many routes. It typically averages about 150 km/h (95 mph). The fastest part is <a href="/facts/Katrineholm/CQelgThI">Katrineholm</a>–<a href="/facts/Sk%C3%B6vde/rlV140yn">Skövde</a>, a distance of 180 km (110 mi) that is covered in 1 hour and 2 minutes, resulting in an average speed of 174.2 km/h (108 mph). </p><p>SJ considered configuring the trainset with a sixth trailing car and creating a set of 12 trailer cars using a second locomotive. The trainset can stop in 1.1 kilometres (0.68 miles) from a top speed of 200 km/h (125 mph).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="lines-and-services">Lines and services</h2> <h3>Former lines and services</h3> <ul><li>In 2000–2004, seven trains were operated by <a href="/facts/Linx_(railway_company)/CqFqBeDh">Linx</a> on the transeuropean route <a href="/facts/Oslo/PRJtFYUl">Oslo</a>–<a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>–<a href="/facts/Malm%C3%B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a>–<a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a> and Oslo–<a href="/facts/Stockholm/sD74W4Pm">Stockholm</a>. Linx was a <a href="/facts/Joint_venture/f2Fv8QqA">joint venture</a> between SJ and its Norwegian counterpart <a href="/facts/Vy/mN5KSIov">NSB</a>. It was wound up when SJ wanted to move the trains to more profitable lines in Sweden. Low-fares airlines also played a part in siphoning off passengers from the comparatively slow Linx services, the main ones taking well in excess of three hours.</li> <li>Briefly in 2010–2011 X 2000 trains ran once daily between <a href="/facts/Stockholm/sD74W4Pm">Stockholm</a> and <a href="/facts/Odense/1Plt6N6R">Odense</a>.</li> <li>In 2012–2013, when SJ received its <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">X55</a> trains, X 2000 services were suspended on a number of routes and reduced on others. <ul><li>One example is <a href="/facts/Stockholm_Central_Station/RJMR6xF2">Stockholm</a>–<a href="/facts/Sundsvall/q9s8zmjP">Sundsvall</a>, with one daily departure, calling at <a href="/facts/Arlanda_Airport/boFQlqnG">Arlanda</a>, <a href="/facts/Uppsala/X3HzSeYN">Uppsala</a>, <a href="/facts/G%C3%A4vle/SkXCm4Gw">Gävle</a>, <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6derhamn/TSveFuN9">Söderhamn</a>, <a href="/facts/Hudiksvall/YRLsddeF">Hudiksvall</a> and Sundsvall. This route formerly used a single X 2000 trainset until it was replaced with X55. This is because there is since 2012 a continuation to <a href="/facts/Ume%C3%A5/UMJPT4Dz">Umeå</a> which requires installation of <a href="/facts/ERTMS/qSmwIDMU">ERTMS</a>, which X 2000 does not have (as of 2025 at least).</li></ul></li></ul> <h3>Current lines and services</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Stockholm_Central_Station/RJMR6xF2">Stockholm</a>–<a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>, calling at <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje/Gr8WpSVB">Södertälje Syd</a>, <a href="/facts/Katrineholm/CQelgThI">Katrineholm</a>, <a href="/facts/Hallsberg/pj8rU7hg">Hallsberg</a>, <a href="/facts/Sk%C3%B6vde/rlV140yn">Skövde</a>, <a href="/facts/Herrljunga/cmlLb6lr">Herrljunga</a>, <a href="/facts/Alings%C3%A5s/1V1l1fRc">Alingsås</a> and <a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>. Not all trains call at all stations. Since 2015 <a href="/facts/VR_Snabbt%C3%A5g_Sverige/vafz4bY0">VR Snabbtåg Sverige</a> (formerly <a href="/facts/MTRX/vafz4bY0">MTRX</a>) has competed with SJ on this route and <a href="/facts/Flixtrain/PWm4dTy6">Flixtrain</a> since 2020.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stockholm_Central_Station/RJMR6xF2">Stockholm</a>–<a href="/facts/Oslo/PRJtFYUl">Oslo</a>, calling at <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje/Gr8WpSVB">Södertälje Syd</a>, <a href="/facts/Katrineholm/CQelgThI">Katrineholm</a>, <a href="/facts/Hallsberg/pj8rU7hg">Hallsberg</a>, <a href="/facts/Degerfors/XWoCHIlK">Degerfors</a>, <a href="/facts/Kristinehamn/V369Ju5V">Kristinehamn</a>, <a href="/facts/Karlstad/ATVUAWUh">Karlstad</a> and <a href="/facts/Arvika/QYClQTeK">Arvika</a> before crossing the border to Norway, calling at <a href="/facts/Kongsvinger/LtLApEYW">Kongsvinger</a> and finally <a href="/facts/Oslo_Central_Station/CjjAay6C">Oslo S</a>. From December 2018 onward, the X 2000 trains to Oslo have been temporarily replaced with <a href="/facts/SJ_Rc/dvQYqQCE">loco-hauled</a> stock and <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">X55 Bombardier Regina</a> express electric multiple units due to track work in Norway. A few X 2000 trains are used in services towards <a href="/facts/Karlstad/ATVUAWUh">Karlstad</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Stockholm_Central_Station/RJMR6xF2">Stockholm</a>–<a href="/facts/Malm%C3%B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a>, with many trains continuing to <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a>, calling at <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje/Gr8WpSVB">Södertälje Syd</a>, <a href="/facts/Norrk%C3%B6ping/6Me5HQgL">Norrköping</a>, <a href="/facts/Link%C3%B6ping/lfXoRVhy">Linköping</a>, <a href="/facts/Mj%C3%B6lby/Rbp5FNRD">Mjölby</a> (occasionally), <a href="/facts/N%C3%A4ssj%C3%B6/ho1REwEa">Nässjö</a>, <a href="/facts/Alvesta/yzNqRJ1L">Alvesta</a>, <a href="/facts/%C3%84lmhult/QGETqY3k">Älmhult</a> (occasionally), <a href="/facts/H%C3%A4ssleholm/Dww4PSu6">Hässleholm</a>, <a href="/facts/Lund_Central_Station/5gm0Vum8">Lund</a> and <a href="/facts/Malm%C3%B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a>. Services to <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a> also call at <a href="/facts/Copenhagen_Airport_railway_station/4dQWm1JQ">Copenhagen Airport</a>, <a href="/facts/Copenhagen_Central_Station/moJ9avp9">Copenhagen Central Station</a> and <a href="/facts/%C3%98sterport_railway_station/9Yn4HjhY">Østerport</a> (usually). For a short period during 2010–2011, there was one daily train to/from <a href="/facts/Odense/1Plt6N6R">Odense</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gothenburg/oj5t3USI">Gothenburg</a>-<a href="/facts/Malm%C3%B6/Ax5CCPu0">Malmö</a>, where one of the daily round trips uses the X 2000.</li></ul> <h3>2008 new high-speed trains</h3> <p>In 2008 SJ ordered 20 <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">X55 Bombardier Regina</a> trains with four coaches to replace the X 2000 on lines with lower demand and where its performance cannot be fully utilised (especially on lines north of Stockholm such as the <a href="/facts/Bothnia_Line/ngIPjbXl">Botniabanan</a>). When these trains were delivered in 2012 and 2013 the X 2000 trains could be concentrated to fewer lines with bigger demands such as Stockholm–Malmö/Copenhagen and Stockholm–Gothenburg, using double-length X 2000 between Stockholm and Gothenburg during rush hours and weekends. </p> <h2 id="facilities">Facilities</h2> <p>There is a bistro on board that serves snack bar-style dishes. From 1995 <a href="/facts/Travel_class/nzzIUUhD">second class</a> was introduced. All trains are equipped with <a href="/facts/Wi-Fi/u94quCsx">Wi-Fi</a> for passenger access to the <a href="/facts/Internet/Xw1rVvJU">Internet</a>. The trains also have electric power supply sockets at all seats in both first and second class. The trains have been fitted with <a href="/facts/Cellular_repeater/VYTFwYJY">repeaters</a> to improve <a href="/facts/Mobile_phone/H3EcqD9h">mobile phone</a> reception. </p> <h2 id="appearance-and-renovations">Appearance and renovations</h2> <h3>Original Appearance</h3><p> In its original appearance, the X 2000's carriages, constructed from stainless steel, were partially painted with blue and dark grey stripes. The rounded fronts, made from fiberglass-reinforced plastic, were painted white.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></p> <h3>First renovation</h3><p> Around 2005, the X 2000 underwent its first major renovation. During this update, electrical outlets were added to each seat, the upholstery was replaced, and the trains were equipped with Wi-Fi. The exterior was also repainted in grey , which became the standard look for most SJ trains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></p> <h3>Second renovation</h3> <p>In January 2014, SJ announced that it was to invest 3.5 billion <a href="/facts/Swedish_krona/19Cp09sJ">SEK</a> in the modernisation and repowering of its X 2000 fleet, in order to extend the life of the trains by 20–25 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> SJ stated that the refurbishment of the trains would cost one third of the price of replacing them with new trains, whilst also having a reduced environmental impact.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/ABB/zYYBduhP">ABB</a>, whose predecessor <a href="/facts/ASEA/pCp2r8dn">ASEA</a> designed and built the trains, were awarded the contract to replace the trains' traction converters, transformers, battery chargers, <a href="/facts/Train_protection_system/hqLBHFJk">train control systems</a>, and <a href="/facts/Passenger_information_system/IAgmIFPs">passenger information</a> and entertainment equipment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p><p> Additionally to the technical improvements, the new refurbished X 2000s feature a new livery with a dark grey front, as well as a rebuilt interior with new seats allowing for 15% higher seating capacity, new walls, ceilings, floors and lighting, and a rebuilt bistro. The new interiors were awarded a <a href="/facts/Red_Dot_Design_Award/F17vnR4G">Red Dot Design Award</a> in 2020, with the jury stating:</p><p>"With its perfectly harmonised colours and materials, the interior for the SJ X2000 [sic] high-speed train creates a particularly pleasant atmosphere. The elaboration in detail and the lighting concept create a peaceful ambience in the train compartment."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></p><p>The refurbished trains were originally scheduled to start introduction in 2019, however the first refurbished set started operation in November 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="effect-on-the-railway">Effect on the railway</h2> <p>The train has had a major effect on SJ and the country's <a href="/facts/Rail_transport/9nJQbsDV">railway</a>. More passengers, together with the lower operating costs associated with operating trains faster and more efficiently, helped SJ become <a href="/facts/Profit_(economics)/kfPA9rfB">profitable</a>. </p><p>It also proved to Swedes that rail is a viable solution not just in exotic densely populated foreign countries, but also at home in Sweden. In 1991, the <a href="/facts/Government_of_Sweden/EtKJXtbL">Swedish government</a> started a massive investment program, spending 5–10 billion <a href="/facts/Swedish_krona/19Cp09sJ">kronor</a> annually on improvements to the rail network. The program continues today. A milestone was reached in the late 1990s when the number of trips taken by train in Sweden exceeded the 1940s level for the first time. </p><p>New links built since 1990 include the <a href="/facts/%C3%98resund_Bridge/sguVfRUg">Øresund Bridge</a>, the <a href="/facts/Arlanda_Express/eRXHfPyP">Arlanda Airport link</a>, <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6dert%C3%A4lje/Gr8WpSVB">Södertälje</a>–<a href="/facts/Huddinge_Municipality/RYAR8cHq">Huddinge</a>, <a href="/facts/S%C3%B6derhamn/TSveFuN9">Söderhamn</a>–<a href="/facts/En%C3%A5nger/S7n1hGds">Enånger</a>, <a href="/facts/Varberg/zavnvfQt">Varberg</a>–<a href="/facts/Kungsbacka/SN2eBYm8">Kungsbacka</a> and <a href="/facts/Helsingborg/fHD7CKp4">Helsingborg</a>–<a href="/facts/Lund/t67P9nm8">Lund</a>. The X 2000 train contributed to building public support for these large projects. </p><p>However, between 2000-2008, the Stockholm-Malmö routing became increasingly congested due to an increase in traffic on that routing - a mix of fast express trains, slower stopping trains and freight trains - to the point that the fastest 2008 services averaged 21min longer than the fastest 2000 services. </p> <h2 id="exports">Exports</h2> <p>The manufacturer of the X 2000 had tried to sell the train to countries other than Sweden, but with little success. In connection with the sales attempts the train was tested and demonstrated in some countries. Norway, Finland, Germany, Austria, France, China, Australia, Portugal and the US were mentioned as candidates. </p><p>An X 2000 toured the United States in 1992–1993 on lease to <a href="/facts/Amtrak/cHtG5Ub3">Amtrak</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> It was tested by Amtrak from October 1992 until January 1993. It was used in revenue service on the <a href="/facts/Northeast_Corridor/9XXxRFh2">Northeast Corridor</a> between <a href="/facts/New_Haven,_Connecticut/dRanslgz">New Haven, CT</a> and <a href="/facts/Washington_DC/enXPK156">Washington DC</a>, via <a href="/facts/New_York_City/YlyvFmVC">New York City</a>, for about five months, from February until May and from August until September 1993.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> From May until July it was taken on a national tour around the 48 continental states for demonstration stops at significant stations. It also toured parts of Canada.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p><p>In 1995, three X 2000 cars (SJ2819, SJ2620 and SJ2520) were hired by Australian operator <a href="/facts/CountryLink/dDgyndcM">CountryLink</a> for evaluation purposes, being one driving trailer, one bistro car and one first class car. The trains were towed in a <a href="/facts/Push-pull_train/t7zT00k0">push/pull mode</a> by modified <a href="/facts/New_South_Wales_XPT/hpSzc1l8">XPT</a> power cars XP2000 and XP2009. After conducting a statewide tour of <a href="/facts/New_South_Wales/aW7eJXSS">New South Wales</a> in March 1995, they were used on <a href="/facts/Central_railway_station,_Sydney/rd9WMdgJ">Sydney</a> to <a href="/facts/Canberra_railway_station/IMz4yGj5">Canberra</a> services from April to June 1995.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> The X2 was also tested in Norway and Germany. There were competitors which had lower prices, including <a href="/facts/Pendolino/Qr0GjlNR">Pendolino</a> and <a href="/facts/ICE_T/Ada6Ef1F">ICE T</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Guangshen_Railway_Company/WBS1S5RN">Guangshen Railway Company</a> in China leased and later purchased outright an X 2000 train which it named <i>Xinshisu</i> (New Speed). The train served as <a href="/facts/Guangzhou%E2%80%93Kowloon_through_train/aYhbVh0F">Guangzhou–Kowloon through train</a> from 1998 until 2007 when it was replaced by the <a href="/facts/Bombardier_Regina/GCU4hzWT">Regina-based</a> <a href="/facts/China_Railway_CRH1/nqstfWMS">CRH1</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> The train was initially supposed to have been given the number 2044, but due to the fact that <a href="/facts/Tetraphobia/Juk9nvhD">the number "4" sounds similar to the word for "death" in the Chinese language</a>, it was renumbered as 2088, of which <a href="/facts/8/bH7jHJDg">the number "8" symbolises luck in Chinese culture</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> It was delivered to <a href="/facts/Sichuan/e65P53aD">Sichuan Province</a> in August 2007. Due to the <a href="/facts/2008_Sichuan_earthquake/sKsN4135">2008 Sichuan earthquake</a>, <a href="/facts/Chengdu_Railway_Bureau/xGdFFTk0">Chengdu Railway Bureau</a> needed to rebuild the railway networks in Sichuan Province. Also, the authority could not carry the maintenance costs of the train. It was therefore returned to the Guangshen Railway Company in late December 2008. In 2012 the train was purchased by SJ and repatriated back to Sweden.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> The train had some serious damage and deferred maintenance. The cab car (110986 CUB2XFK) has been cosmetically restored and repainted, losing its Chinese livery, and will be displayed at the <a href="/facts/Swedish_Railway_Museum/8DRhIo7A">Swedish Railway Museum</a> when it reopens. The power car (2088 CX2) is currently used as a testbed for the ongoing refurbishment program, and the five intermediate trailers were repaired and re-entered service in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="technical">Technical</h2> <p>The X2 was designed for old main lines with tight curves and with continuously welded rails (the train has a maximum axle load of 17 tonnes (16.7 long tons; 18.7 short tons), which causes large forces on the track). However, since 1990 a lot of new high speed lines have been constructed in Sweden, both upgraded lines and new lines. These upgraded or new lines always have ATC, continuously welded rails on concrete sleepers and no crossings with road and rail at the same level. The tilting function is not used on these lines. </p><p>The max power continuous output of the power car is 3,260 kW (4,370 hp), which is comparatively low for a fast train. It also enabled SJ to say that it does not consume more power at 200 km/h (125 mph) than older Rc-locomotive hauled trains at 130 km/h (80 mph). </p><p>The X2 trains have mostly run at the X 2000 service level, but have periodically been used for <a href="/facts/Linx_(railway_company)/CqFqBeDh">Linx</a> traffic (2000–2004) as well as regional services, for which fewer coaches were used to improve acceleration. All X2 trains are maintained at <a href="/facts/Hagalund/CQ1Un9U6">Hagalund</a> depot in Stockholm and Olskroken depot located just before <a href="/facts/Gothenburg_Central_Station/623f3uW3">Gothenburg Central Station</a>. </p><p>Technical data X2 power car </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">General</th></tr><tr><td>Operator</td><td>SJ</td></tr><tr><td>Manufacturing year</td><td>1989–1998</td></tr><tr><td>Number of manuf.</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Supplier mechanical part</td><td><a href="/facts/Kalmar_Verkstad/ot5r5b4N">Kalmar Verkstad</a></td></tr><tr><td>Supplier electrical part</td><td><a href="/facts/ABB/zYYBduhP">ABB</a></td></tr><tr><td>Axle arr</td><td>Bo-Bo</td></tr><tr><td>Weight</td><td>73 t</td></tr><tr><td>Axle load</td><td>17.5 t</td></tr><tr><td>Max tractive eff</td><td>160 kN</td></tr><tr><td>Max speed</td><td>210 km/h</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Body</th></tr><tr><td>Length</td><td>17.6 m</td></tr><tr><td>Body length</td><td>16.98 m</td></tr><tr><td>Bogie distance</td><td>8.98 m</td></tr><tr><td>Height over pantograph</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Body width</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coupling</td><td>automatic</td></tr><tr><td>Surface</td><td>corrugated stainless steel</td></tr><tr><td>Colour</td><td>silver</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Bogies</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Track_gauge/aQIXUugv">Track gauge</a></td><td>1,435 mm <a href="/facts/Standard_gauge/T2XVtLNY">Standard gauge</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Wheelbase/hIFIsmMa">Axle distance</a></td><td>2.90 m</td></tr><tr><td>Wheel diameter, new</td><td>1,100 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Primary suspension</td><td>rubber pad</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary suspension</td><td>coil</td></tr><tr><td>Brake</td><td>shoe, regenerative</td></tr><tr><td>Bogie Weight</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><td>Min hor radius</td><td>NA</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Electrical equipment</th></tr><tr><td>Catenary voltage</td><td>15 kV / 25 kV (dual voltage variants)</td></tr><tr><td>Catenary frequency</td><td>16 2/3 Hz / 50 Hz (dual voltage variants)</td></tr><tr><td>Max cont power</td><td>3.26 MW</td></tr><tr><td>Traction motor</td><td>MJA 385-2</td></tr><tr><td>Max power trainheating</td><td>360 kW</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Technical data X2 passenger coaches<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th scope="col"></th><th scope="col">UA2</th><th scope="col">UB2</th><th scope="col">URB2</th><th scope="col">UBX2</th></tr><tr><th colspan="5">General</th></tr><tr><td>Operator</td><td colspan="4">SJ</td></tr><tr><td>Manufacturer</td><td colspan="4"><a href="/facts/Kalmar_Verkstad/ot5r5b4N">Kalmar Verkstad</a>, <a href="/facts/ABB/zYYBduhP">ABB</a></td></tr><tr><td>Manufacturing year</td><td colspan="4">1989–?</td></tr><tr><td>Manufacturing country</td><td colspan="4">Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>Number of manufact</td><td colspan="4">NA</td></tr><tr><td>Type of coach</td><td>first class saloon</td><td>second class saloon</td><td>second class saloon + bistro</td><td>second class saloon + driver's cab</td></tr><tr><td>Tare Weight</td><td>47 t</td><td>47 t</td><td>49 t</td><td>55 t</td></tr><tr><td>Max allow. speed</td><td colspan="4">200 km/h</td></tr><tr><th colspan="5">Body</th></tr><tr><td>Length</td><td colspan="3">24.95 m</td><td>22.6 m</td></tr><tr><td>Body length</td><td colspan="3">24.40 m</td><td>21.98 m</td></tr><tr><td>Bogie distance</td><td colspan="3">17.70 m</td><td>14.50 m</td></tr><tr><td>Body height</td><td colspan="4">3.82 m</td></tr><tr><td>Body width</td><td colspan="4">3.05 m</td></tr><tr><td>Floor height</td><td colspan="4">1.26 m</td></tr><tr><td>Body material</td><td colspan="4">stainless steel</td></tr><tr><td>Type of coupling</td><td colspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td>Colour</td><td colspan="4">silver</td></tr><tr><td>Type of entrance door</td><td colspan="4">slide door, plug</td></tr><tr><th colspan="5">Bogies</th></tr><tr><td>Bogie Mark</td><td colspan="4">NA</td></tr><tr><td>Track gauge</td><td colspan="4">1,435 mm</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Wheelbase/hIFIsmMa">Axle distance</a></td><td colspan="4">2.90 m</td></tr><tr><td>Wheel diameter- new</td><td colspan="4">880 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Primary suspension</td><td colspan="4">rubber pad</td></tr><tr><td>Secondary suspension</td><td colspan="4">air</td></tr><tr><td>Brake</td><td colspan="4">disk & magnetic rail</td></tr><tr><td>No of disks per axle</td><td colspan="4">2</td></tr><tr><td>Bogie weight</td><td colspan="4">NA</td></tr><tr><th colspan="5">Electrical equipment</th></tr><tr><td>Train heating voltage</td><td colspan="4">3 × 380 V, 50 Hz</td></tr><tr><td>No of phases</td><td colspan="4">3</td></tr><tr><td>Air conditioning</td><td colspan="4">yes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="5">Interior</th></tr><tr><td>Floor plan</td><td colspan="3">saloon</td><td>saloon + driver's cab</td></tr><tr><td>No of seats (before renovation)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td><td>51 seats</td><td>72 seats</td><td>28 seats + 18 bistro seats</td><td>41 seats</td></tr><tr><td>No of seats (after renovation)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td><td>54 seats</td><td>74 seats</td><td>28 seats + 16 bistro seats</td><td>40 seats</td></tr><tr><td>Seats abreast</td><td>2 + 1</td><td colspan="3">2 + 2</td></tr><tr><td>Seat distance</td><td>105 cm</td><td colspan="3">95 cm</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each train also has a UB2X coach with a driver's place, and a URB2 coach with a simple restaurant. </p><p>In the beginning there were many more UA2 first class coaches than UB2 second class coaches. But after a decision that state employees should normally use second class for train journeys in their works instead of first class, something many companies followed, many UA2 have been rebuilt into UB2. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Rail_transport_in_Europe/gE2TNcou">Rail transport in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/High-speed_rail_in_Europe/e0du7CGm">High-speed rail in Europe</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Media related to SJ AB X2 at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="http://documents.epfl.ch/users/a/al/allenbac/www/documents/Fich0316.pdf">Spec Sheet; French</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Dokumentsida - Bibliotek - MSB RIB". rib.msb.se. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://rib.msb.se/bib/Search/Document?id=30244" target="_blank">https://rib.msb.se/bib/Search/Document?id=30244</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"SJ". SJ (in Swedish). Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.sj.se/allt-om-resan/vara-tag" target="_blank">https://www.sj.se/allt-om-resan/vara-tag</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"[SE] X2000 cars return to Sweden after modernization by ABB". Railcolor News. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://railcolornews.com/2017/02/01/se-x2000-cars-return-to-sweden-after-modernization-by-abb/" target="_blank">https://railcolornews.com/2017/02/01/se-x2000-cars-return-to-sweden-after-modernization-by-abb/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Johnsson, Peter (8 May 2023). "Skånsk premiär för nya X2000". Järnvägar.nu. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://jarnvagar.nu/skansk-premiar-for-nya-x2000/#:~:text=SJ%20besl%C3%B6t%20redan%202013%20att,men%20premi%C3%A4rturen%20dr%C3%B6jde%20ett%20%C3%A5r." target="_blank">https://jarnvagar.nu/skansk-premiar-for-nya-x2000/#:~:text=SJ%20besl%C3%B6t%20redan%202013%20att,men%20premi%C3%A4rturen%20dr%C3%B6jde%20ett%20%C3%A5r.</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Sweden: Renewable wins the train race - Nordic Investment Bank". www.nib.int. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.nib.int/cases/sweden-renewable-wins-the-train-race" target="_blank">https://www.nib.int/cases/sweden-renewable-wins-the-train-race</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Train Tilting Systems | Curtiss-Wright Defense Solutions". www.curtisswrightds.com. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.curtisswrightds.com/products/motion-control/industrial/train-tilting-systems" target="_blank">https://www.curtisswrightds.com/products/motion-control/industrial/train-tilting-systems</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Därför gick SJ:s miljardsatsning till gamla X2". Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 February 2018. <a href="https://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/darfor-gick-sj-s-miljardsatsning-till-gamla-x2-6400824" target="_blank">https://www.nyteknik.se/fordon/darfor-gick-sj-s-miljardsatsning-till-gamla-x2-6400824</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Stainless steel in X2000 was a sustainable investment". Retrieved 14 June 2018. <a href="http://www.svenskverkstad.se/rostfritt-stal-i-x2000-var-en-hallbar-satsning" target="_blank">http://www.svenskverkstad.se/rostfritt-stal-i-x2000-var-en-hallbar-satsning</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Sveriges järnvägsmuseum <a href="http://www.banverket.se/sv/Sveriges-jarnvagsmuseum/Huvudrubriker/Om-Sveriges-jarnvagsmuseum/Historia.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.banverket.se/sv/Sveriges-jarnvagsmuseum/Huvudrubriker/Om-Sveriges-jarnvagsmuseum/Historia.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Elmotorvagn - järnväg.net". www.jarnvag.net. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.jarnvag.net/elmotorvagn" target="_blank">https://www.jarnvag.net/elmotorvagn</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Korglutningssystemet håller dig bekvämare på spåret". www.aktuellhallbarhet.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/alla-nyheter/nyheter/korglutningssystemet-haller-dig-bekvamare-pa-sparet/" target="_blank">https://www.aktuellhallbarhet.se/alla-nyheter/nyheter/korglutningssystemet-haller-dig-bekvamare-pa-sparet/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>""X2000 är fortfarande ett guldägg – oöverträffat i många avseenden"". www.nyteknik.se (in Swedish). 11 November 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.nyteknik.se/debatt/x2000-ar-fortfarande-ett-guldagg-oovertraffat-i-manga-avseenden/4305123" target="_blank">https://www.nyteknik.se/debatt/x2000-ar-fortfarande-ett-guldagg-oovertraffat-i-manga-avseenden/4305123</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"SJ". SJ (in Swedish). Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.sj.se/allt-om-resan/vara-tag" target="_blank">https://www.sj.se/allt-om-resan/vara-tag</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Vagnguide - Motorvagn X2 Linx - järnväg.net". www.jarnvag.net. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2-linx" target="_blank">https://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2-linx</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Forslund, Petter (17 October 2011). "SJ lanserar nytt snabbtåg". Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). ISSN 1101-2412. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.svd.se/a/37283bea-82df-3e45-abe6-a3dd5daf8cc4/sj-lanserar-nytt-snabbtag#:~:text=SJ%20har%20best%C3%A4llt%2020%20nya,svenska%20j%C3%A4rnv%C3%A4gar%20enligt%20Trafikverkets%20best%C3%A4mmelser." target="_blank">https://www.svd.se/a/37283bea-82df-3e45-abe6-a3dd5daf8cc4/sj-lanserar-nytt-snabbtag#:~:text=SJ%20har%20best%C3%A4llt%2020%20nya,svenska%20j%C3%A4rnv%C3%A4gar%20enligt%20Trafikverkets%20best%C3%A4mmelser.</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Lokman.se | Svenska persontåg | SJ AB". www.lokman.se. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.lokman.se/Tagbilder/Svenska_tag/Svenska_persontag/SJAB.htm" target="_blank">https://www.lokman.se/Tagbilder/Svenska_tag/Svenska_persontag/SJAB.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"SJ satsar miljarder på trotjänaren SJ2000". Dagens ETC (in Swedish). 16 January 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.etc.se/inrikes/sj-upprustar-trotjanaren-sj2000-35-miljarder" target="_blank">https://www.etc.se/inrikes/sj-upprustar-trotjanaren-sj2000-35-miljarder</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Safety relevant observations on the X2000 train as developed for the Swedish National Railways" (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. Federal Railroad Administration. 1990. Retrieved 20 May 2022. <a href="https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/16313/1990_SAFETY%20RELEVANT%20OBSERVATIONS%20ON%20THE%20X2000%20TRAIN%20AS.PDF" target="_blank">https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/16313/1990_SAFETY%20RELEVANT%20OBSERVATIONS%20ON%20THE%20X2000%20TRAIN%20AS.PDF</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Vagnguide - Motorvagn X2 / SJ X2000 - järnväg.net". www.jarnvag.net. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2" target="_blank">https://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"TESTAT | Nya X 2000 och 1 klass i SJ:s återvunna trotjänare". www.upplevelsebloggen.se (in Swedish). 22 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2025. <a href="https://www.upplevelsebloggen.se/2022/02/sj-nya-x-2000-resa-1-klass/" target="_blank">https://www.upplevelsebloggen.se/2022/02/sj-nya-x-2000-resa-1-klass/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"SJ to reintroduce first refurbished X2000 EMU". International Railway Journal. 5 November 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022. <a href="https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/sj-to-reintroduce-first-refurbished-x2000-emu/" target="_blank">https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/sj-to-reintroduce-first-refurbished-x2000-emu/</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>AndyBrabin (24 June 2020). "Swedish Railways X2000 Refurbishment". AndyBTravels. Retrieved 23 March 2022. <a href="https://www.andybtravels.com/country/sweden/swedish-railways-x2000-refurbishment" target="_blank">https://www.andybtravels.com/country/sweden/swedish-railways-x2000-refurbishment</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"SJ awards ABB contract to replace electrics on X2000 fleet". International Railway Journal. 16 January 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2022. <a href="https://www.railjournal.com/rolling-stock/sj-awards-abb-contract-to-replace-electrics-on-x2000-fleet/" target="_blank">https://www.railjournal.com/rolling-stock/sj-awards-abb-contract-to-replace-electrics-on-x2000-fleet/</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Train Coach Interior SJ X2000". <a href="https://www.red-dot.org/project/sj-x2000-46007" target="_blank">https://www.red-dot.org/project/sj-x2000-46007</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Häng med på premiärtur med nya X2000". www.mitti.se (in Swedish). 16 November 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022. <a href="https://www.mitti.se/nyheter/hang-med-pa-premiartur-med-nya-x2000/repukp!mVyxiTEuS109ZOZD3e@Kg/" target="_blank">https://www.mitti.se/nyheter/hang-med-pa-premiartur-med-nya-x2000/repukp!mVyxiTEuS109ZOZD3e@Kg/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>X-2000 on NEC Modern Railways issue 530 November 1992 page 619 <a href="/wiki/Modern_Railways" target="_blank">/wiki/Modern_Railways</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>USA tests Euro trains Rail issue 193 3 February 1993 page 34 <a href="/wiki/Rail_(magazine)" target="_blank">/wiki/Rail_(magazine)</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"On Tour with the X2000 in America — Amtrak: History of America's Railroad". history.amtrak.com. Retrieved 13 December 2023. <a href="https://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/on-tour-with-the-x2000-in-america" target="_blank">https://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/on-tour-with-the-x2000-in-america</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Vantuono, William C. (June 1993). "Touring the Empire Corridor with the X 2000 - high-speed train starts cross-country tour in New York State". Railway Age. Archived from the original on 15 February 2006. Retrieved 31 July 2006. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060215070700/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n6_v194/ai_13982108" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20060215070700/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n6_v194/ai_13982108</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>X2000 heads south Railway Gazette International December 1994 page 777 <a href="/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International" target="_blank">/wiki/Railway_Gazette_International</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"So why do you call it a tilt train?" Railway Digest July 1995 <a href="/wiki/Railway_Digest" target="_blank">/wiki/Railway_Digest</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Beckhaus, John (January 1995), "The X2 Tilt Train", Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, pp. 15–17 <a href="/wiki/Australian_Railway_History" target="_blank">/wiki/Australian_Railway_History</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>World Update Railway Age June 1998 page 24 <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Vagnguide - Motorvagn X2 - järnväg.net". <a href="http://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2" target="_blank">http://www.jarnvag.net/vagnguide/x2</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>X2 2088 arrives from China Today's Railways Europe issue 202 October 2012 page 53 <a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Railways_Europe" target="_blank">/wiki/Today%27s_Railways_Europe</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Chinese X2000 in Sweden Today's Railways Europe issue 203 November 2012 page 56 <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>SJ2000 sets to be refurbished Today's Railways Europe issue 219 March 2014 page 54 <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Spec Sheet <a href="http://documents.epfl.ch/users/a/al/allenbac/www/documents/Fich0316.pdf" target="_blank">http://documents.epfl.ch/users/a/al/allenbac/www/documents/Fich0316.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>SJ X2000 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170607150341/http://www.scandinavianrail.com/images/download/SJ_fact_sheets_X2000_IC_Night.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170607150341/http://www.scandinavianrail.com/images/download/SJ_fact_sheets_X2000_IC_Night.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>X2000, Sweden's fastest train, has been renovated <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpU45CcLneo" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpU45CcLneo</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>