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Comparison of Prolog implementations
open-in-new
<h2 id="portability">Portability</h2> <p>There are Prolog <a href="/facts/Programming_language_implementation/yUp1TBYb">implementations</a> that are radically different, with different syntax and different semantics (e.g. Visual Prolog)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> and sub-communities have developed around different implementations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>Code that strictly conforms to the ISO-Prolog core language is portable across ISO-compliant implementations. However, the ISO standard for modules is an extension which was not fully adopted in most Prolog systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>Factors that can adversely affect portability include: use of bounded vs. unbounded integer arithmetic, additional types such as string objects, advanced numeric types (rationals, complex), feature extensions such as <a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Unicode</a>, threads, and tabling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> Use of libraries unavailable in other implementations and library organisation:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <p>Currently, the way predicates are spread over the libraries and system built-ins differs enormously. [...] Fortunately, there are only few cases where we find predicates with the same name but different semantics (e.g. delete/3)</p> <h2 id="main-features">Main features</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="3">Platform</th><th colspan="8">Features</th><th colspan="3">Toolkit</th><th>Prolog Mechanics</th></tr><tr><th>Name</th><th>OS</th><th>Licence</th><th>Native Graphics</th><th>Compiled Code</th><th>Unicode</th><th>Object Oriented</th><th>Native OS Control</th><th>Stand Alone Executable</th><th>C Interface<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></th><th>Java Interface<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></th><th>Interactive Interpreter</th><th>Debugger</th><th>Code Profiler</th><th>Syntax</th></tr><tr><td>AllegroProlog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a> (limited free edition available)</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes, via Lisp</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes, via Lisp</td><td>Yes, via Lisp</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes, via Lisp</td><td>S-expressions. Full Common Lisp integration.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BProlog/YNdk95TL">BProlog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a> (free for non-commercial uses)</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>ISO-Prolog, plus event-handling, CLP(FD), and tabling</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ciao_(programming_language)/cqdD9zuc">Ciao</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GPL/S75KhLSX">GPL</a>, <a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>ISO-Prolog, plus extensions</td></tr><tr><td>DOS-Prolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/MS-DOS/fVrrz1uN">MS-DOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Edinburgh Prolog</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ECLiPSe/Nbt3Lpjj">ECLiPSe</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Solaris_(operating_system)/KPfT98EJ">Solaris</a>, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mozilla_Public_License/hBuvAz1w">MPL</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Extended Prolog, Multi-dialect, including ISO</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Prolog/6a0LeK7Y">GNU Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL</a>, <a href="/facts/LGPL/AXwkz9x3">LGPL</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>JIProlog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/JVM/l9Nzrsun">JVM</a>, <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License/n1h9A893">AGPL</a> (commercial support available)</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes via Java</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes via Java</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>JLog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/JVM/l9Nzrsun">JVM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>JScriptLog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td>Web Browser</td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>jTrolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/JVM/l9Nzrsun">JVM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>WIN-Prolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Edinburgh Prolog with extensions</td></tr><tr><td>Open Prolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td><td>Mac OS <a href="/facts/System_7/IwLKo2sX">System 7</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Freeware/c8oGA9ju">Freeware</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Poplog/I5wlXhch">Poplog</a> Prolog</td><td><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a> (32- and 64-bit), <a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a></td><td>Free Open Source</td><td>Only through <a href="/facts/POP-11/CzAgWBy1">POP-11</a>, on Linux</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Edinburgh Prolog, with interfaces to Poplog Common Lisp and Pop-11</td></tr><tr><td>Scryer Prolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/BSD_License/XLtmLp5x">BSD License</a></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SICStus_Prolog/r5h66Qh1">SICStus Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Proprietary_software/9zcskxYL">Proprietary</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>Strawberry Prolog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Freeware/c8oGA9ju">Freeware</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Not ISO-Prolog + extensions</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SWI-Prolog/4krpcVnm">SWI-Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/BSD_License/XLtmLp5x">BSD License</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>ISO-Prolog, Edinburgh Prolog</td></tr><tr><td>tuProlog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/JVM/l9Nzrsun">JVM</a>, <a href="/facts/Android_(operating_system)/nNyHb0xz">Android</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL</a></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Visual_Prolog/03tnjaK8">Visual Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Freeware/c8oGA9ju">Freeware</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSB/5KT45Htw">XSB Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Solaris_(operating_system)/KPfT98EJ">Solaris</a>, <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License/AXwkz9x3">LGPL</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>ISO-Prolog, tabled WFS</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/YAP-Prolog/0Wk4fnRB">YAP-Prolog</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Linux/9FvCKSTq">Linux</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a>, <a href="/facts/Solaris_(operating_system)/KPfT98EJ">Solaris</a>, <a href="/facts/Mac_OS_X/Y93vVpTm">Mac OS X</a>, <a href="/facts/HP-UX/hIvLDdJF">HP-UX</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GPL</a> or Artistic (user choice)</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ISO-Prolog, Edinburgh Prolog, Quintus and SICStus Prolog compatible</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="operating-system-and-web-related-features">Operating system and web-related features</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td></td><th colspan="4">OS-related</th><th colspan="4">Web-related</th></tr><tr><th>Name</th><th>Conditional compilation</th><th>Sockets</th><th>Multi-threading</th><th>Tabling</th><th>HTTP client</th><th>HTTP server</th><th>HTML Parser</th><th>RDF Triple store</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BProlog/YNdk95TL">BProlog</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ciao_(programming_language)/cqdD9zuc">Ciao</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ECLiPSe/Nbt3Lpjj">ECLiPSe</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Prolog/6a0LeK7Y">GNU Prolog</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WIN-Prolog</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Scryer Prolog</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SICStus_Prolog/r5h66Qh1">SICStus Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SWI-Prolog/4krpcVnm">SWI-Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Visual_Prolog/03tnjaK8">Visual Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSB/5KT45Htw">XSB</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/YAP-Prolog/0Wk4fnRB">YAP-Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="static-analysis">Static analysis</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Type checker</th><th>Determinacy checker</th><th>Call-pattern checker</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ciao_(programming_language)/cqdD9zuc">Ciao</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Prolog/6a0LeK7Y">GNU Prolog</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SICStus_Prolog/r5h66Qh1">SICStus Prolog</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SWI-Prolog/4krpcVnm">SWI-Prolog</a></td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Visual_Prolog/03tnjaK8">Visual Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSB/5KT45Htw">XSB</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/YAP-Prolog/0Wk4fnRB">YAP-Prolog</a></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="optimizations">Optimizations</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th><a href="/facts/Tail-call_optimization/oLX6hfm3">Tail-Call Optimization</a></th><th>Choice Point Elimination</th><th>Environment Trimming</th><th><a href="/facts/Term_indexing/3leR11cc">Just-in-Time Indexing</a></th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ciao_(programming_language)/cqdD9zuc">Ciao</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ECLiPSe/Nbt3Lpjj">ECLiPSe</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>multi-argument (compile time)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Prolog/6a0LeK7Y">GNU Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SICStus_Prolog/r5h66Qh1">SICStus Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SWI-Prolog/4krpcVnm">SWI-Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Visual_Prolog/03tnjaK8">Visual Prolog</a></td><td>Yes (compile time)</td><td>Yes (compile time)</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A (compile time)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSB/5KT45Htw">XSB</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/YAP-Prolog/0Wk4fnRB">YAP-Prolog</a></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="release">Release</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Name</th><th>Version</th><th>Date</th></tr><tr><td>AllegroProlog</td><td>1.1.2</td><td>2018-12-12</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/BProlog/YNdk95TL">BProlog</a></td><td>8.1</td><td>2014-02-23</td></tr><tr><td>JIProlog</td><td>4.1.7.1</td><td>2021-08-26</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ciao_(programming_language)/cqdD9zuc">Ciao</a></td><td>1.22</td><td>2022-09-28</td></tr><tr><td>DOS-Prolog</td><td>8.0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/ECLiPSe/Nbt3Lpjj">ECLiPSe</a></td><td>7.1</td><td>2023-01-01</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/GNU_Prolog/6a0LeK7Y">GNU Prolog</a></td><td>1.5.0</td><td>2023-02-21</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://jlogic.sourceforge.net/">JLog</a></td><td>1.3.6</td><td>2007-09-13</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://jlogic.sourceforge.net/">JScriptLog</a></td><td>0.7.5 beta</td><td>2007-09-10</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113023104/http://java.net/projects/jTrolog">jTrolog</a></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WIN-Prolog</td><td>8.0</td><td>2022-07-14</td></tr><tr><td>Open Prolog</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Poplog/I5wlXhch">Poplog</a> Prolog</td><td>V16</td><td>2020-01-06</td></tr><tr><td>Scryer Prolog</td><td>0.9.3</td><td>2023-11-02</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SICStus_Prolog/r5h66Qh1">SICStus Prolog</a></td><td>4.9.0</td><td>2023-12-18</td></tr><tr><td>Strawberry Prolog</td><td>6.1</td><td>2023-08-23</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/SWI-Prolog/4krpcVnm">SWI-Prolog</a></td><td>9.1.18</td><td>2023-11-01</td></tr><tr><td>tuProlog</td><td>2P-Kt 0.31.18</td><td>2023-10-24</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Visual_Prolog/03tnjaK8">Visual Prolog</a></td><td>10, Build 1000</td><td>2021-04-15</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/XSB/5KT45Htw">XSB</a> Prolog</td><td>5.0</td><td>2022-05-15</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/YAP_(Prolog)/0Wk4fnRB">YAProlog</a></td><td>7.1.0</td><td>2020-12-19</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="benchmarks">Benchmarks</h2> <ul><li>Benchmarking issues: <a href="http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/publicaties/rapporten/cw/CW312.abs.html">Odd Prolog benchmarking</a>, Performance differences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li>Benchmarking software: <a href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/code/library/0.html">older</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/lang/prolog/code/bench/dobry.txt">Dobry's Benchmarks</a>, <a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=893977">Aquarius benchmark suite</a>, (Bothe, 1990),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> <a href="http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/~bmd/hProlog/iclpgcbenches.tar.gz">(Demoen et al. 2001)</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.unipr.it/China/Benchmarks/descriptions">benchmark descriptions</a></li> <li>Benchmarking results: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100227050426/http://www.probp.com/performance.htm">B-Prolog</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080203174047/http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/performance.html">SICStus</a>, XSB,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> SICStus vs Yap vs hProlog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Benchmarking results: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719062358/http://www.michaels-website.de/2010/08/prolog-in-the-jvm-survey-of-prolog-engines-written-in-java/">Survey of java prolog engines</a> by Michael Zeising</li> <li>Benchmarking results: <a href="https://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~pfodor/openrulebench_web/">OpenRuleBench yearly open-source benchmark of rule engines</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/prolog_misc/systems.html">Overview of Prolog Systems</a> by Ulrich Neumerkel</li> <li><a href="http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/ulrich/iso-prolog/conformity_assessment">Conformity assessment I: Syntax</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Philipp Körner; Michael Leuschel; João Barbosa; Vítor Santos Costa; Verónica Dahl; Manuel V. Hermenegildo; Jose F. Morales; Jan Wielemaker; Daniel Diaz; Salvador Abreu; Giovanni Ciatto (November 2022), "Fifty Years of Prolog and Beyond", Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 22 (6): 776–858, doi:10.1017/S1471068422000102, hdl:10174/33387 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Wielemaker, J.; Costa, V. T. S. (2011). "On the Portability of Prolog Applications". Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6539. pp. 69–83. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1030.9396. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18378-2_8. ISBN 978-3-642-18377-5. <a href="978-3-642-18377-5" target="_blank">978-3-642-18377-5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Wielemaker, J.; Costa, V. T. S. (2011). "On the Portability of Prolog Applications". Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6539. pp. 69–83. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1030.9396. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18378-2_8. ISBN 978-3-642-18377-5. <a href="978-3-642-18377-5" target="_blank">978-3-642-18377-5</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Wielemaker, J.; Costa, V. T. S. (2011). "On the Portability of Prolog Applications". Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6539. pp. 69–83. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1030.9396. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18378-2_8. ISBN 978-3-642-18377-5. <a href="978-3-642-18377-5" target="_blank">978-3-642-18377-5</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Philipp Körner; Michael Leuschel; João Barbosa; Vítor Santos Costa; Verónica Dahl; Manuel V. Hermenegildo; Jose F. Morales; Jan Wielemaker; Daniel Diaz; Salvador Abreu; Giovanni Ciatto (November 2022), "Fifty Years of Prolog and Beyond", Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, 22 (6): 776–858, doi:10.1017/S1471068422000102, hdl:10174/33387 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Jan Wielemaker and Vıtor Santos Costa: Portability of Prolog programs: theory and case-studies. CICLOPS-WLPE Workshop 2010 Archived 2010-07-16 at the Wayback Machine. <a href="http://www.swi-prolog.org/download/publications/porting.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.swi-prolog.org/download/publications/porting.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Wielemaker, J.; Costa, V. T. S. (2011). "On the Portability of Prolog Applications". Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6539. pp. 69–83. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1030.9396. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18378-2_8. ISBN 978-3-642-18377-5. <a href="978-3-642-18377-5" target="_blank">978-3-642-18377-5</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>C/Java interface can also be used for graphics and OS control. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>C/Java interface can also be used for graphics and OS control. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Allegro Prolog <a href="https://franz.com/products/allegro-common-lisp/acl_prolog.lhtml" target="_blank">https://franz.com/products/allegro-common-lisp/acl_prolog.lhtml</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"DOS-Prolog 8.0". Logic Programming Associates. 5 November 2023. <a href="https://www.lpa.co.uk/dos.htm" target="_blank">https://www.lpa.co.uk/dos.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>JIProlog <a href="http://www.jiprolog.com" target="_blank">http://www.jiprolog.com</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"JLog Homepage". jlogic.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 2023-11-03. <a href="https://jlogic.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">https://jlogic.sourceforge.net/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"JLog Homepage". jlogic.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 2023-11-03. <a href="https://jlogic.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">https://jlogic.sourceforge.net/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"Jtrolog — Java.net". 2012-11-13. Archived from the original on 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2023-11-03. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113023104/http://java.net/projects/jTrolog" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121113023104/http://java.net/projects/jTrolog</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"WIN-Prolog 8.0". Logic Programming Associates. 5 November 2023. <a href="https://www.lpa.co.uk/win.htm" target="_blank">https://www.lpa.co.uk/win.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Open Prolog Home Page <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050203201646/http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20050203201646/http://www.cs.tcd.ie/open-prolog/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Scryer Prolog <a href="https://www.scryer.pl" target="_blank">https://www.scryer.pl</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Strawberry Prolog <a href="https://dobrev.com" target="_blank">https://dobrev.com</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>tuProlog <a href="http://tuprolog.unibo.it" target="_blank">http://tuprolog.unibo.it</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>B. Demoen, and P. Nguyen, About unnecessary performance differences between Prolog implementations, Proceedings of the Colloquium on Implementation of Constraint and Logic Programming Systems (CICLOPS 2001) <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Bothe, K. (1990). "A prolog space benchmark suite". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 25 (12): 54–60. doi:10.1145/122193.122197. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F122193.122197" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1145%2F122193.122197</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>A Summary of XSB Performance (1993) <a href="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/swift93summary.html" target="_blank">http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/swift93summary.html</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Demoen, B.; Nguyen, P. L.; Vandeginste, R. (2002). "Copying Garbage Collection for the WAM: to Mark or Not to Mark?". Logic Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 2401. pp. 194–208. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.13.2586. doi:10.1007/3-540-45619-8_14. ISBN 978-3-540-43930-1. <a href="978-3-540-43930-1" target="_blank">978-3-540-43930-1</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>