United States Department of Health and Human Services

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Federal Security Agency</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Federal_Security_Agency/0PX8geU4">Federal Security Agency</a>
The Federal Security Agency (FSA) was established on July 1, 1939, under the <a href="/facts/Reorganization_Act_of_1939/5wnUlJKa">Reorganization Act of 1939</a>, P.L. 76–19. The objective was to bring together in one agency all federal programs in the fields of health, education, and social security. The first Federal Security Administrator was <a href="/facts/Paul_V._McNutt/NWCNvvbJ">Paul V. McNutt</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> The new agency originally consisted of the following major components: (1) Office of the Administrator, (2) Public Health Service (PHS), (3) Office of Education, (4) Civilian Conservation Corps, and (5) Social Security Board.

<h3>Department of Health, Education, and Welfare</h3>

The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) was created on April 11, 1953, when Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953 became effective. HEW thus became the first new Cabinet-level department since the Department of Labor was created in 1913. The Reorganization Plan abolished the FSA and transferred all of its functions to the secretary of HEW and all components of the agency to the department. The first secretary of HEW was <a href="/facts/Oveta_Culp_Hobby/H24HYXc4">Oveta Culp Hobby</a>, a native of Texas, who had served as commander of the <a href="/facts/Women%27s_Army_Corps/qnkUWqyV">Women's Army Corps</a> in World War II and was editor and publisher of the <a href="/facts/Houston_Post/m4KqIcJ3">Houston Post</a>. Sworn in on April 11, 1953, as secretary, she had been FSA administrator since January 21, 1953.
The six major program-operating components of the new department were the Public Health Service, the Office of Education, the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a>, the Social Security Administration, the <a href="/facts/Office_of_Vocational_Rehabilitation/IDILV1r1">Office of Vocational Rehabilitation</a>, and <a href="/facts/St._Elizabeth%27s_Hospital/w3Toya87">St. Elizabeth's Hospital</a>. The department was also responsible for three federally aided corporations: <a href="/facts/Howard_University/cvD1HBoc">Howard University</a>, the <a href="/facts/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind/PLhIK7Hw">American Printing House for the Blind</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Columbia_Institution_for_the_Deaf/1Pm4IlM3">Columbia Institution for the Deaf</a> (Gallaudet College since 1954).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a>

<h3>Department of Health and Human Services</h3>
The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was renamed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on October 17, 1979,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> when its education functions were transferred to the newly created <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Education/VuahmIvb">United States Department of Education</a> under the <a href="/facts/Department_of_Education_Organization_Act/q6rJr38U">Department of Education Organization Act</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> HHS was left in charge of the Social Security Administration, agencies constituting the Public Health Service, and Family Support Administration.
In 1995, the <a href="/facts/Social_Security_Administration/wP73tBl0">Social Security Administration</a> was removed from the Department of Health and Human Services, and established as an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States government.
The <a href="/facts/2010_United_States_federal_budget/2Ecp1obI">2010 United States federal budget</a> established a reserve fund of more than $630 billion over 10 years to finance fundamental reform of the health care system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>
In February 2025 it was reported that DHHS planned to "eliminate public participation in many of the agency’s policy decisions."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
In March, 2025, it was announced that mulitple agencies would be merged into a new department called the Administration for a Healthy America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h2 id="organization">Organization</h2>
<h3>Internal structure</h3>
The Department of Health and Human Services is led by the <a href="/facts/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services/JEP414sF">United States Secretary of Health and Human Services</a>, a member of the <a href="/facts/United_States_Cabinet/2ouVJrjQ">United States Cabinet</a> appointed by the <a href="/facts/President_of_the_United_States/oMsfmLb1">President of the United States</a> with the consent of the <a href="/facts/United_States_Senate/VyzXHE01">United States Senate</a>. The secretary is assisted in managing the department by the <a href="/facts/Deputy_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services/qzmBC9fH">Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services</a>, who is also appointed by the president. The secretary and deputy secretary are further assisted by seven assistant secretaries, who serve as top departmentals administrators.
As of January 20, 2018, this is the top level of the organizational chart. HHS provides further organizational details on its website.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
Several agencies within HHS are components of the U.S. <a href="/facts/United_States_Public_Health_Service/utUnKRuS">Public Health Service</a> (PHS), as noted below.

<h3>Immediate Office of the Secretary</h3>
The Immediate Office of the Secretary (IOS) is the top-level unit that directly reports to the Secretary of Health and Human Services. They assist in the administration of HHS and include the following components:

<ul><li>Office of the Deputy Secretary (DS) – an Executive Schedule, Level II Position. This role is responsible for all departmental operations.</li>
<li>Office of the Chief of Staff (COS) – This role is responsible for staff coordination and support.</li>
<li>Office of the General Counsel (OGC)</li>
<li>Executive Secretariat (ES or ExecSec) – Develops and reviews rules, regulations, correspondences, Reports to Congress, and other policy-related documents and decisions. Headed by the Executive Secretary to the Department and assisted by the Deputy Executive Secretary.</li>
<li>Office of Health Reform – Oversees the implementation of new policies and legislation.</li>
<li>Office of the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) – Oversees the use of Data and Technology implementations in HHS.</li>
<li>Office of National Security (ONS) – A department-wide office that provides oversight, policy direction, standards, and performance assessments on all intelligence and national security-related programs within HHS.</li></ul>
<h3>Office of the Secretary</h3>
The Office of the Secretary (OS) is the unit directly below the Immediate Office of the Secretary, but still directly reports to the Secretary. This unit consists of the offices of assistant secretaries including:

<ul><li>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Financial Resources (ASFR)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Office_of_the_National_Coordinator_for_Health_Information_Technology/Py8kxf3G">Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</a> (ONC)</li>
<li>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Public Affairs (ASPA)</li>
<li>Office of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation (ASL)</li>
<li>Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE)</li></ul>
<h3>Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs</h3>
The Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs (IEA) serves as the liaison to state, local and tribal governments as well as NGOs. Through the IEA, HHS directs and oversees current federal health programs at the regional and tribal levels.

<ul><li>Headquarters Staff – assists the HHS Secretary in developing policies related to state and local government relations.</li>
<li>Tribal Affairs – serves as the point of contact for HHS regarding HHS programs on Indian reservations.</li>
<li>Center for Faith-based and Neighborhood Partnerships (a.k.a. the Partnership Center) – works to create partnerships with faith-based and community organizations at the local level.</li>
<li>Office of Human Resources – the department-wide office for HR related issues.</li>
<li>Regional Offices – Work with the subordinated state governments to institute HHS policy in the respective regions. Each office is led by a presidential-appointed regional director.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> The following</li></ul>
HHS IEA Regional Offices<table><tbody><tr><th>Region</th><th>Regional Director</th><th>Subordinated States</th></tr><tr><td>Region 1</td><td>Paul Jacobsen</td><td>Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont</td></tr><tr><td>Region 2</td><td>Dennis González</td><td>New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands</td></tr><tr><td>Region 3</td><td>Dalton Paxtan</td><td>Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia</td></tr><tr><td>Region 4</td><td>Thomas Bowman</td><td>Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee</td></tr><tr><td>Region 5</td><td>Joshua Devine</td><td>Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin</td></tr><tr><td>Region 6</td><td>Julia Lothrop</td><td>Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas</td></tr><tr><td>Region 7</td><td>Scott Conner</td><td>Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska</td></tr><tr><td>Region 8</td><td>Elsa Ramirez</td><td>Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming</td></tr><tr><td>Region 9</td><td>Bonnie Preston</td><td>Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands,Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Marshall Islands, and Republic of Palau</td></tr><tr><td>Region 10</td><td>Renée Bouvion</td><td>Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3>U.S. Public Health Service</h3>
Within HHS is a collection of agencies and offices that fall under the <a href="/facts/United_States_Public_Health_Service/utUnKRuS">Public Health Service</a>. The PHS also is home to the <a href="/facts/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps/QfvmogN2">Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a> (PHSCC).

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Health/soggoqWf">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health</a> (OASH) and the <a href="/facts/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States/kgrG0URc">U.S. Surgeon General</a></li>
<li>Office of Global Affairs</li></ul>
The subordinate operating agencies under the Public Health Service:

<ul><li><a href="/facts/National_Institutes_of_Health/G3Eytfcc">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention/NmoJNDV5">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Indian_Health_Service/smSqazzn">Indian Health Service</a> (IHS)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Agency_for_Toxic_Substances_and_Disease_Registry/jVG5SPBA">Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</a> (ATSDR)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Health_Resources_and_Services_Administration/6UF6qvAY">Health Resources and Services Administration</a> (HRSA)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Agency_for_Healthcare_Research_and_Quality/r3QXI6H1">Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</a> (AHRQ)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration/Eo6hVGNA">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</a> (SAMHSA)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Administration_for_Strategic_Preparedness_and_Response/1LBnEuQp">Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response</a> (ASPR)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency_for_Health/cQYG0GIx">Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health</a> (ARPA-H)</li></ul>
<h3>Human Services agencies</h3>
This list includes the subordinate agencies that do not fall under the Public Health Service, but are under HHS:

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Administration_for_Children_and_Families/HvQtayMz">Administration for Children and Families</a> (ACF)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Administration_for_Community_Living/CcmVx01d">Administration for Community Living</a> (ACL)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services/L3LgbCnx">Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services</a> (CMS) – formerly the <a href="/facts/Health_Care_Financing_Administration/L3LgbCnx">Health Care Financing Administration</a>.</li></ul>
<h3>Office of Inspector General</h3>
The <a href="/facts/Office_of_Inspector_General,_US_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services/MPb6DJcc">Office of Inspector General, US Department of Health and Human Services</a> (OIG) investigates criminal activity for HHS. The <a href="/facts/Special_agent/CcwTFuUk">special agents</a> who work for OIG have the same title series "1811" as other federal criminal investigators, such as the <a href="/facts/FBI/UY93jwX6">FBI</a>, HSI, <a href="/facts/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives/orftTb48">ATF</a>, <a href="/facts/Drug_Enforcement_Administration/qGQpHNB8">DEA</a> and <a href="/facts/United_States_Secret_Service/SsbfALvK">Secret Service</a>. They receive their law enforcement training at the US Department of Homeland Security's Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Glynco, Georgia. OIG Special Agents have special skills in investigating <a href="/facts/White_collar_crime/Brlbg2QD">white collar crime</a> related to <a href="/facts/Medicare_(United_States)/vLKMBktB">Medicare</a> and <a href="/facts/Medicaid/ml1fNWjX">Medicaid</a> fraud and abuse. Organized crime has dominated the criminal activity relative to this type of fraud.
HHS-OIG investigates tens of millions of dollars in Medicare fraud each year. In addition, OIG will continue its coverage of all 50 states and the <a href="/facts/District_of_Columbia/enXPK156">District of Columbia</a> by its multi-agency task forces (PSOC Task Forces) that identify, investigate, and prosecute individuals who wilfully avoid payment of their child support obligations under the Child Support Recovery Act.
HHS-OIG agents also provide protective services to the Secretary of HHS, and other department executives as necessary.
In 2002, the department released <a href="/facts/Healthy_People_2010/bUBgmT5H">Healthy People 2010</a>, a national strategic initiative for improving the health of Americans.
With the passage of the <a href="/facts/Fraud_Enforcement_and_Recovery_Act/k83Q9AEf">Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act/5RW8EDo8">Affordable Care Act</a> of 2010, the <a href="/facts/Office_of_the_Inspector_General/PKtgF0yL">Office of the Inspector General</a> has taken an emboldened stance against healthcare-related non-compliance, most notably for violations of <a href="/facts/Law/luzxWkg0">Law</a> and the <a href="/facts/Anti-Kickback_Statute/wGGaUbJw">Anti-Kickback Statute</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
In 2015, the OIG issued a fraud alert as a warning to hospitals and healthcare systems to monitor and comply with their physician compensation arrangements.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>
Recent years have seen dramatic increases in both the number and the amounts of <a href="/facts/Stark_Law/wfuzID78">Stark Law</a> violation settlements, prompting healthcare experts to identify a need for automated solutions that manage physician arrangements by centralizing necessary information concerning physician–hospital integration.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> <a href="/facts/Contract_management/LUQvIxC9">Contract management</a> software companies such as Meditract provide options for health systems to organize and store physician contracts. Ludi Inc introduced DocTime Log®, an <a href="/facts/Software_as_a_service/LPyPQ5b7">SaaS</a> solution that specifically addresses this growing concern, automating physician time logging in compliance with contract terms to eliminate Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Statute violations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
According to a report released by the OIG in July 2019, more than 80 percent of the 4,563 US hospice centers that provide care to Medicare beneficiaries surveyed from 2012 to 2016 have at least one deficiency and 20 percent have at least one "serious deficiency".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>
From January 2020, <a href="/facts/Christi_Grimm/hS6pYqUx">Christi Grimm</a> became the principal deputy inspector general. She assumed the duties of an acting inspector general because the inspector general post was empty.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> In April 2020, Grimm released a report which surveyed the state of hospitals in late March during the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States/GxNQUR2v">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a>. The hospitals reported "severe shortages of testing supplies", "frequently waiting 7 days or longer for test results", which extended the length of patient stays and strained resources, and "widespread shortages of PPE".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> President Trump called the report "wrong" and questioned Grimm's motives. Later he called the report "Another Fake Dossier!"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> In May 2020, Trump nominated <a href="/facts/Jason_Weida/kDXFoMTs">Jason Weida</a> to be the permanent inspector general, pending confirmation by the US Senate. According to a department spokeswoman, Grimm will remain as principal deputy inspector general.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> In January 2025, Grimm was fired by Trump along with <a href="/facts/2025_dismissals_of_inspectors_general/5pqKpMNM">sixteen other inspectors general</a>; the legality of the firing is in question.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h3>Former operating divisions and agencies</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Social_Security_Administration/wP73tBl0">Social Security Administration</a>, made independent in 1995.</li></ul>
<h2 id="budget-and-finances">Budget and finances</h2>
The Department of Health and Human Services was authorized a budget for <a href="/facts/2020_United_States_federal_budget/cr3fm0Io">fiscal year 2020</a> of $1.293 trillion. The budget authorization is broken down as follows:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>

<table><tbody><tr><th>Program</th><th>Budget authority (in millions)</th></tr><tr><td>Food and Drug Administration</td><td>$3,329</td></tr><tr><td>Health Resources and Services Administration</td><td>$11,004</td></tr><tr><td>Indian Health Service</td><td>$6,104</td></tr><tr><td>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</td><td>$6,767</td></tr><tr><td>National Institutes of Health</td><td>$33,669</td></tr><tr><td>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration</td><td>$5,535</td></tr><tr><td>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</td><td>$0</td></tr><tr><td>Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services</td><td>$1,169,091</td></tr><tr><td>Administration for Children and Families</td><td>$52,121</td></tr><tr><td>Administration for Community Living</td><td>$1,997</td></tr><tr><td>Departmental Management</td><td>$340</td></tr><tr><td>Non-Recurring Expense Fund</td><td>$-400</td></tr><tr><td>Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals</td><td>$186</td></tr><tr><td>Office of the National Coordinator</td><td>$43</td></tr><tr><td>Office for Civil Rights</td><td>$30</td></tr><tr><td>Office of Inspector General</td><td>$82</td></tr><tr><td>Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund</td><td>$2,667</td></tr><tr><td>Program Support Center</td><td>$749</td></tr><tr><td>Offsetting Collections</td><td>$-629</td></tr><tr><td>Other Collections</td><td>$-163</td></tr><tr><td>TOTAL</td><td>$1,292,523</td></tr></tbody></table>
The FY2020 budget included a $1.276 billion budget decrease for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and a $4.533 billion budget decrease for the National Institutes of Health. These budget cuts, along with other changes since 2019, comprised a total decrease of over $24 billion in revised discretionary budget authority across the entire Department of Health and Human Services for Fiscal Year 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
Additional details of the budgeted outlays, budget authority, and detailed budgets for other years, can be found at the HHS Budget website.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h2 id="programs">Programs</h2>
The Department of Health and Human Services administers 115 programs across its 11 operating divisions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) aims to "protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a> These federal programs consist of social service programs, <a href="/facts/Civil_rights/DBK7m6s2">civil rights</a> and healthcare privacy programs, disaster preparedness programs, and health-related research. HHS offers a variety of social service programs geared toward persons with low income, <a href="/facts/Disability/vr9BPUxo">disabilities</a>, military families, and senior citizens.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a> Healthcare rights are defined under HHS in the <a href="/facts/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act/b40VtyEC">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> (<a href="/facts/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act/b40VtyEC">HIPAA</a>) which protect patient's privacy in regards to medical information, protects workers health insurance when unemployed, and sets guidelines surrounding some health insurance. HHS collaborates with the <a href="/facts/Office_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Preparedness_and_Response/1LBnEuQp">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response</a> and <a href="/facts/Office_of_Emergency_Management/nAmFwuK7">Office of Emergency Management</a> to prepare and respond to health emergencies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> A broad array of health-related research is supported or completed under the HHS; secondarily under HHS, the <a href="/facts/Health_Resources_%26_Services_Administration/6UF6qvAY">Health Resources & Service Administration</a> houses data warehouses and makes health data available surrounding a multitude of topics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> HHS also has vast offering of health-related resources and tools to help educate the public on health policies and pertinent <a href="/facts/Population_health/WITpjzlm">population health</a> information. Some examples of available resources include <a href="/facts/Preventive_healthcare/pWGlacXu">disease prevention</a>, wellness, health insurance information, as well as links to healthcare providers and facilities, meaningful health-related materials, <a href="/facts/Public_health/4563Kre9">public health</a>, and safety information.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
Some highlights include:

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare/zCxMXHjG">AI in health</a> and social science research</li>
<li>Preventing disease, including immunization services</li>
<li><a href="/facts/ARPA-H/cQYG0GIx">ARPA-H</a></li>
<li>Assuring food and drug safety</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Medicare_(United_States)/vLKMBktB">Medicare</a> (health insurance for elderly and disabled Americans) and <a href="/facts/Medicaid/ml1fNWjX">Medicaid</a> (health insurance for low-income people)</li>
<li>Health information technology</li>
<li>Financial assistance and services for low-income families</li>
<li>Improving maternal and infant health, including a Nurse Home Visitation to support first-time mothers</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Head_Start_Program/AQT8X7r7">Head Start</a> (pre-school education and services)</li>
<li>Faith-based and community initiatives</li>
<li>Preventing child abuse and domestic violence</li>
<li>Substance abuse treatment and prevention</li>
<li>Services for older Americans, including home-delivered meals</li>
<li>Comprehensive health services for Native Americans</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Assets_for_independence/fjH01jC3">Assets for Independence</a></li>
<li>Medical preparedness for emergencies, including potential terrorism</li>
<li>Child support enforcement<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a></li></ul>

<h3>The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)</h3>
This program is to ensure the accountability of medical professionals to respect and carry out basic human health rights, under the act of the same name. In the United States, the government feels that it is essential for the American people to understand their civil duty and rights to all of their medical information. That includes health insurance policies or medical records from every doctor or emergency visit in one's life. Through Health & Human Services one can file a complaint that their HIPAA rights have been violated or a consultant will be able to decide if their rights were violated.

<h3>Social Services</h3>
This branch has everything to do with the social justice, wellness, and care of all people throughout the United States. This includes but is not limited to people who need government assistance, foster care, unaccompanied alien children, daycares (headstart included), adoption, senior citizens, and disability programs. Social services is one of (if not) the largest branch of programs underneath it that has a wide variety throughout the United States at a state and local level.

<h3>Prevention and Wellness</h3>
The prevention and wellness program's main idea is to give the American people the ability to live the healthiest and best lifestyle physically that they can. They are the ones who deal with vaccines and immunizations, which fight from common diseases to deadly ones. The nutrition & fitness program are the basics of healthy eating and regular exercise. Health screenings & family health history are crucial in the knowledge of each individual's health and body. A severely important one especially in today's society is mental health and substance use where they help people with mental illness and drug abuse. Lastly, they help with environmental health where people are researching and studying how our environments both physical and metaphorical have short- and long-term effects on our health and wellness.

<h3>Strengthening Communities Fund</h3>
In June 2010, the Department of Health and Human Services created the Strengthening Communities Fund<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> as part of the <a href="/facts/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act/FFeMjKD0">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a>. The fund was appropriated $50 million to be given as grants to organizations in the United States that were engaged in Capacity Building programs. The grants were given to two different types of capacity builders:

<ul><li>State, Local, and Tribal governments engaged in capacity building: grants will go to state local, and tribal governments to equip them with the capacity to more effectively partner with faith-based or non-faith-based non-profit organizations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> Capacity building in this program will involve education and outreach that catalyzes more involvement of non-profit organizations in economic recovery and building up non-profit organization's abilities to tackle economic problems. State, Local, and Tribal governments can receive up to $250,000 in two-year grants</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Non-profit/AmXu2c85">Non-profit</a> Social Service Providers engaged in capacity building: they will make grants available to non-profit organizations that can assist other non-profit organizations in organizational development, program development, leadership, and evaluations. Non-profits can receive up to $1 million in two-year grants</li></ul>
<h3>Biodefense</h3>
HHS plays a role in protecting the United States against <a href="/facts/Bioterrorism/YW2rmVls">bioterrorism</a> events. In 2018, HHS released a new National Biodefense Strategy required by the passage of the 2016 Biodefense Strategy Act. The Biodefense Strategy required the implementation of a biodefense strategy after a 2015 <a href="/facts/Blue_Ribbon_Study_Panel_on_Biodefense/c5PFtast">Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense</a> report found that the 2009 National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was inadequate in protecting the U.S. The strategy adopted these five central recommendations: creating a single centralized approach to biodefense; implementing an interdisciplinary approach to biodefense that brings together policymakers, scientists, health experts, and academics; drawing up a comprehensive strategy to address human, plant, and animal health; creating a defense against global and domestic biological threats; and creating a proactive policy to combat the misuse and abuse of advanced biotechnology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
HHS also runs the Biodefense Steering Committee, which works with other federal agencies including the <a href="/facts/U.S._Department_of_State/WsB5FMBT">U.S. Department of State</a>, <a href="/facts/U.S._Department_of_Defense/dWAvf7e3">U.S. Department of Defense</a>, <a href="/facts/U.S._Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">U.S. Food and Drug Administration</a>, <a href="/facts/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security/jwz5gLfa">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> (DHS), and the <a href="/facts/Environmental_Protection_Agency/ghI985SI">Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> HHS specifically oversees <a href="/facts/Project_BioShield/plRK7Xcp">Project BioShield</a>, established in 2003 and operating since 2004, and its development and production of vaccines.

<h2 id="criticisms-and-controversies">Criticisms and controversies</h2>
See also: <a href="/facts/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government/ntY7Fqyf">Criticism of the United States government § Criticism of agencies</a>
In 2016, a published US Senate report revealed that several dozen <a href="/facts/2014_American_immigration_crisis/XT0mjFQC">unaccompanied children from Central America</a>, some as young as 14 years old, were released from custody to traffickers where they were sexually assaulted, starved, or forced to work for little or no pay.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> The HHS sub agency <a href="/facts/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement/Wk1BQ5vE">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a> (ORR) released approximately 90,000 unaccompanied children during 2013–2015 but did not track their whereabouts or properly screen families accepting these children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>
To prevent similar episodes, the Homeland Security and Health & Human Services Departments signed a memorandum of understanding in 2016 and agreed to establish joint procedures within one year for dealing with unaccompanied migrant children. As of 2018, they have failed to do so. Between October and December 2017, officials from ORR tried to contact 7,635 children and their sponsors. From these calls, officials learned that 6,075 children remained with their sponsors. Twenty-eight had run away, five had been removed from the United States and fifty-two had relocated to live with a nonsponsor. However, officials have lost track of 1,475 children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> ORR claims it is not legally liable for the safety and status of the children once released from custody.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>
HHS is evidenced to be actively coercing and forcing bio-substances such as <a href="/facts/Antipsychotic/7bNTg7T3">antipsychotics</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> on migrating children without consent, and under questionable medical supervision. Medical professionals state that wrongly prescribed antipsychotics are especially dangerous for children, and can cause permanent psychological damage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> Medical professionals also state DHS and HHS incarceration and separation policies are likewise causing irreparable mental harm to the children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>
Children are also dying in HHS custody.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> The forced drugging, deaths, and disappearances of migrating Mexican and Central American children might be related to DHS falsely labeling them and their families as 'terror threats' before HHS manages their incarcerations. Despite a federal court order,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> the DHS separation practices started by Obama<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> and mandated by the Trump administration's "zero-tolerance" policy<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> have not been halted, and HHS has not stopped forcing drugs on the children it incarcerates.
In August 2022, the Office of the Inspector General for Health and Human Services reported that NIH had failed in its oversight of clinical trials, with slightly over half of sample trial results either being tardy for publication or remaining unpublished on ClinicalTrials.gov after several years from the stated completion dates.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>

<h3>Freedom of Information Act processing performance</h3>
In the latest <a href="/facts/Center_for_Effective_Government/TWg24tzn">Center for Effective Government</a> analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)/UJDH2dmI">Freedom of Information Act</a> (FOIA) requests published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the DHHS ranked second to last, earning an F by scoring 57 out of a possible 100 points, largely due to a low score on its particular disclosure rules. It had deteriorated from a D− in 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a>

<h2 id="related-legislation">Related legislation</h2>

<ul><li>1946: <a href="/facts/Hospital_Survey_and_Construction_Act/wx8hTVTs">Hospital Survey and Construction Act</a> (<a href="/facts/Hill-Burton_Act/wx8hTVTs">Hill-Burton Act</a>) PL 79-725</li>
<li>1949: Hospital Construction Act PL 81-380</li>
<li>1950: Public Health Services Act Amendments PL 81-692</li>
<li>1955: Poliomyelitis Vaccination Assistance Act PL 84-377</li>
<li>1956: Health Research Facilities Act PL 84-835</li>
<li>1960: Social Security Amendments (Kerr-Mill aid) PL 86-778</li>
<li>1961: <a href="/facts/Community_Health_Services_and_Facilities_Act/0wAISI0H">Community Health Services and Facilities Act</a> PL 87-395</li>
<li>1962: <a href="/facts/Public_Health_Service_Act/Iyj87a9b">Public Health Service Act</a> PL 87-838</li>
<li>1962: Vaccination Assistance PL 87-868</li>
<li>1963: Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act/Community Mental Health Centers Act PL 88-164</li>
<li>1964: Nurse Training Act PL 88-581</li>
<li>1965: <a href="/facts/Community_Health_Services_and_Facilities_Act/0wAISI0H">Community Health Services and Facilities Act</a> PL 89-109</li>
<li>1965: <a href="/facts/Medicare_(United_States)/vLKMBktB">Medicare section of the Social Security Act</a> PL 89-97</li>
<li>1965: Mental Health Centers Act Amendments PL 89-105</li>
<li>1965: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Amendments PL 89-239</li>
<li>1966: Comprehensive Health Planning and Service Act PL 89-749</li>
<li>1970: Community Mental Health Service Act PL 91-211</li>
<li>1970: <a href="/facts/Family_Planning_Services_and_Population_Research_Act/TI6qcLhL">Family Planning Services and Population Research Act</a> PL 91-572</li>
<li>1970: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act PL 91-695</li>
<li>1971: <a href="/facts/National_Cancer_Act/j96f8Jmv">National Cancer Act</a> PL 92-218</li>
<li>1974: Research on Aging Act PL 93-296</li>
<li>1974: <a href="/facts/National_Health_Planning_and_Resources_Development_Act/4GYXqz60">National Health Planning and Resources Development Act</a> PL 93-641</li>
<li>1979: <a href="/facts/Department_of_Education_Organization_Act/q6rJr38U">Department of Education Organization Act</a> (removed education functions) PL 96-88</li>
<li>1987: Department of Transportation Appropriations Act PL 100-202</li>
<li>1988: <a href="/facts/Medicare_Catastrophic_Coverage_Act/vLKMBktB">Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act</a> PL 100-360</li>
<li>1989: Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act PL 101-164</li>
<li>1996: <a href="/facts/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act/b40VtyEC">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a> PL 104-191</li>
<li>2000: <a href="/facts/Child_Abuse_Reform_and_Enforcement_Act/WXH9Rf6a">Child Abuse Reform and Enforcement Act</a> PL 106-177</li>
<li>2010: <a href="/facts/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act/5RW8EDo8">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> PL 111-148</li>
<li>2016: <a href="/facts/21st_Century_Cures_Act/XoB8o1aU">21st Century Cures Act</a> PL 114-255</li>
<li>2020: <a href="/facts/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020/mWQ8Ggjs">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> PL 116-123</li>
<li>2020: <a href="/facts/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act/yUzo8EJq">Families First Coronavirus Response Act</a> PL 116-127</li>
<li>2020: <a href="/facts/Coronavirus_Aid,_Relief,_and_Economic_Security_Act/bHwydb5Y">Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act</a> PL 116-136</li>
<li>2020: <a href="/facts/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act/PMsS6cNb">Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act</a> PL 116-139</li>
<li>2021: <a href="/facts/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021/MErWsICd">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> PL 116-260</li>
<li>2021: <a href="/facts/American_Rescue_Plan_Act/ll95sBKv">American Rescue Plan Act</a> PL 117-2</li>
<li>2022: <a href="/facts/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022/yXEC6Y2c">Consolidated Appropriations Act</a> PL 117-103</li>
<li>2022: <a href="/facts/Inflation_Reduction_Act/8Cdfo0tk">Inflation Reduction Act</a> PL 117-169</li></ul>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>United States portal</li><li>Medicine portal</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act/FFeMjKD0">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a> (ARRA)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Early_Head_Start/178hLk8Y">Early Head Start</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Emergency_Care_Coordination_Center/xMEB4XS4">Emergency Care Coordination Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Global_Health_Security_Initiative/Rfm6Dan8">Global Health Security Initiative</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Head_Start_Program/AQT8X7r7">Head Start</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Health_information_technology/IalUQVBE">Health information technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Health_professional/m5e2jXHp">Health professional</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Healthy_People_2010/bUBgmT5H">Healthy People 2010</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/History_of_public_health_in_the_United_States/rT52nt5B">History of public health in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Human_experimentation_in_the_United_States/y5KSKqW0">Human experimentation in the United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rural_health/RN8haCpE">Rural health</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Supporting_Healthy_Marriage_Project/CdlJQcBl">Supporting Healthy Marriage Project</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Temporary_EHR_Certification_Program/fmMNFTXg">Temporary EHR Certification Program</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Department of Health and Human Services.

<ul><li><a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">Official website</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.usaspending.gov/agency/department-of-health-and-human-services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> on <a href="/facts/Federal_Funding_Accountability_and_Transparency_Act_of_2006/yYxNuG0P">USAspending.gov</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/health-and-human-services-department">Department of Health and Human Services</a> in the <a href="/facts/Federal_Register/o373DDfs">Federal Register</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gao.gov/agencies/department-health-and-human-services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> reports and recommendations from the <a href="/facts/Government_Accountability_Office/wJd3CgRK">Government Accountability Office</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/235.html">General Records of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare</a> from the <a href="/facts/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration/WB8bwYVU">National Archives</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"About HHS". US Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013. <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/about/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. A Common Thread of Service: An Historical Guide to HEW. DHEW Publication No. (OS) 73–45". July 1, 1972. Archived from the original on February 14, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014. <a href="https://aspe.hhs.gov/info/hewhistory.htm" target="_blank">https://aspe.hhs.gov/info/hewhistory.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Preliminary inventory of the records of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (PI 181, Record Group 235), National Archives and Records Service, 1975. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" target="_blank">/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives, Title 20, Section 3508". house.gov. Archived from the original on June 19, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619032627/http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+4573+0++%28%29%20%20AND%20%28%2820%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20AND%20%28USC%20w%2F10%20%283508%29%29%3ACITE" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120619032627/http://uscode.house.gov/uscode-cgi/fastweb.exe?getdoc+uscview+t17t20+4573+0++%28%29%20%20AND%20%28%2820%29%20ADJ%20USC%29%3ACITE%20AND%20%28USC%20w%2F10%20%283508%29%29%3ACITE</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Full text of the Department of Education Organization Act; Archived May 7, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, P.L. 96-88. <a href="https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/53070589" target="_blank">https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/53070589</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"A New Era of Responsibility" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306211818/https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/assets/fy2010_new_era/A_New_Era_of_Responsibility2.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090306211818/https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/assets/fy2010_new_era/A_New_Era_of_Responsibility2.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Kennedy Jr backtracks and says US measles outbreak is now a 'top priority' for health department". March 1, 2025 – via The Guardian. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/01/kennedy-jr-measles-outbreak-health-department" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/01/kennedy-jr-measles-outbreak-health-department</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"HHS plans to shutter or downsize several health agencies, including at CDC". NBC News. March 27, 2025. <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/hhs-plans-shutter-downsize-several-health-agencies-cdc-rcna198254" target="_blank">https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/hhs-plans-shutter-downsize-several-health-agencies-cdc-rcna198254</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"HHS Organizational Charts Office of Secretary and Divisions". HHS.gov. October 24, 2008. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 3, 2022. <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/orgchart/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/orgchart/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Regional Offices". Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs. HHS.gov. Archived from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021. <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/iea/regional-offices/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/iea/regional-offices/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Ellison, Ayla (January 8, 2015). "4 trends in the current Stark Law enforcement climate". Becker's Hospital Review. Archived from the original on August 29, 2015. <a href="http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/4-trends-in-the-current-stark-law-enforcement-climate.html" target="_blank">http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/4-trends-in-the-current-stark-law-enforcement-climate.html</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Fraud Alert: Physician Compensation Arrangements May Result in Significant Liability" (PDF). OIG. June 9, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2015. <a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/alerts/guidance/Fraud_Alert_Physician_Compensation_06092015.pdf" target="_blank">https://oig.hhs.gov/compliance/alerts/guidance/Fraud_Alert_Physician_Compensation_06092015.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Peace, Gail (June 8, 2015). "Why it takes 60 minutes or less to find a Stark Law violation at a hospital". Becker's Hospital Review. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. <a href="http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/why-it-takes-60-minutes-or-less-to-find-a-stark-law-violation-at-a-hospital.html" target="_blank">http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/legal-regulatory-issues/why-it-takes-60-minutes-or-less-to-find-a-stark-law-violation-at-a-hospital.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Ludi, Inc. Closes $1M in Series A Financing". Business Wire. July 29, 2014. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140729006233/en/Ludi-Closes-1M-Series-Financing" target="_blank">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140729006233/en/Ludi-Closes-1M-Series-Financing</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Hines, Morgan (July 9, 2019). "Hundreds of US hospices have at least one 'serious deficiency,' report says". USA TODAY. Retrieved July 15, 2019. <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2019/07/09/report-details-deficiencies-us-hospices/1682191001/" target="_blank">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2019/07/09/report-details-deficiencies-us-hospices/1682191001/</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Dzhanova, Yelena (May 2, 2020). "Trump looks to replace HHS watchdog who identified crucial hospital supply shortages". CNBC. Archived from the original on September 10, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020. <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/02/coronavirus-trump-looks-to-replace-hhs-watchdog-who-reported-supply-shortages.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/02/coronavirus-trump-looks-to-replace-hhs-watchdog-who-reported-supply-shortages.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Grimm, Christi. "Hospital Experiences Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Pulse Survey March 23–27, 2020" (PDF). Office of Inspector General, US Department of Health and Human Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020. <a href="https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-20-00300.pdf" target="_blank">https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-06-20-00300.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Robertson, Lori (April 7, 2020). "The HHS Inspector General Report". Factcheck.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020. <a href="https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/the-hhs-inspector-general-report/" target="_blank">https://www.factcheck.org/2020/04/the-hhs-inspector-general-report/</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Stracqualursi, Veronica (May 2, 2020). "Trump names his pick for HHS inspector general after criticizing acting official over coronavirus report". CNN. Archived from the original on October 11, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020. <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/02/politics/hhs-inspector-general-trump-nominee-jason-weida/index.html" target="_blank">https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/02/politics/hhs-inspector-general-trump-nominee-jason-weida/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Nakamura, David; Rein, Lisa; Viser, Matt (January 25, 2025). "Trump defends ousting at least 15 independent inspectors general in late-night purge". Washington Post. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/24/trump-fire-inspectors-general-federal-agencies/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/24/trump-fire-inspectors-general-federal-agencies/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"HHS FY 2020 Budget in Brief". HHS Budget & Performance. United States Department of Health and Human Services. October 5, 2019. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020. <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2020/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2020/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"HHS FY 2020 Budget in Brief". HHS Budget & Performance. United States Department of Health and Human Services. October 5, 2019. p. 7. Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020. <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2020/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.hhs.gov/about/budget/fy2020/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

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United States Department of Health and Human Services