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Slurry
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<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2> <p>Examples of slurries include: </p> <ul><li>Cement slurry, a mixture of <a href="/facts/Cement/VfDMkk12">cement</a>, water, and assorted dry and liquid additives used in the <a href="/facts/Petroleum_industry/xCKs0yQJ">petroleum</a> and other industries<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>Soil/cement slurry, also called Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM), flowable fill, controlled density fill, flowable mortar, plastic soil-cement, K-Krete, and other names<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>A mixture of <a href="/facts/Thickening_agent/lNPqbaWy">thickening agent</a>, oxidizers, and water used to form a <a href="/facts/Water_gel_explosive/Lrsk2vlN">gel explosive</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>A mixture of <a href="/facts/Pyroclastic_rock/5Hsu86hQ">pyroclastic</a> material, rocky debris, and water produced in a <a href="/facts/Volcanic_eruption/AwqpzdaG">volcanic eruption</a> and known as a <a href="/facts/Lahar/WM2kUufP">lahar</a></li> <li>A mixture of <a href="/facts/Bentonite/N9Hb8lX9">bentonite</a> and water used to make <a href="/facts/Slurry_wall/ms50UCCR">slurry walls</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Coal_slurry/HNlK1uQ7">Coal slurry</a>, a mixture of <a href="/facts/Coal_refuse/mk1kL7M7">coal waste</a> and water, or crushed coal and water<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slip_(ceramics)/J8L0m4Sn">Slip</a>, a mixture of <a href="/facts/Clay/xnwouEkB">clay</a> and water used for joining, glazing and decoration of ceramics and pottery.</li> <li>Slurry oil, the highest boiling fraction distilled from the effluent of an <a href="/facts/FCC_unit/F8cpnstx">FCC unit</a> in an <a href="/facts/Oil_refinery/yeaW0UMv">oil refinery</a>. It contains a large amount of catalyst, in form of sediments hence the denomination of slurry.</li> <li>A mixture of wood pulp and water used to make <a href="/facts/Paper/FUETwwKV">paper</a></li> <li>Manure slurry, a mixture of animal waste, organic matter, and sometimes water often known simply as "slurry" in <a href="/facts/Agriculture/TGztqzJs">agricultural</a> use, used as <a href="/facts/Fertilizer/ysh3r6NJ">fertilizer</a> after aging in a <a href="/facts/Slurry_pit/qRgRsyBW">slurry pit</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Meat_slurry/AMn6dWJT">Meat slurry</a>, a mixture of finely ground meat and water, centrifugally dewatered and used as a food ingredient.</li> <li>An abrasive substance used in <a href="/facts/Chemical-mechanical_polishing/AmpHEfBD">chemical-mechanical polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slurry_ice/ST76XowC">Slurry ice</a>, a mixture of ice crystals, freezing point depressant, and water</li> <li>A mixture of raw materials and water involved in the <a href="/facts/Rawmill/gyjxvhkl">rawmill</a> manufacture of <a href="/facts/Portland_cement/kPj8EjnP">Portland cement</a></li> <li>A <a href="/facts/Bolus_(digestion)/sTG2eKpp">bolus</a> of chewed food mixed with <a href="/facts/Saliva/gK4nvayc">saliva</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li>A mixture of epoxy glue and <a href="/facts/Glass_microsphere/JkzG12gd">glass microspheres</a> used as a filler compound around core materials in <a href="/facts/Sandwich-structured_composite/H8MRmL2H">sandwich-structured composite</a> airframes.</li></ul> <h2 id="calculations">Calculations</h2> <h3>Determining solids fraction</h3> <p>To determine the percent solids (or solids fraction) of a slurry from the density of the slurry, solids and liquid<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> ϕ s l = ρ s ( ρ s l − ρ l ) ρ s l ( ρ s − ρ l ) {\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {\rho _{s}(\rho _{sl}-\rho _{l})}{\rho _{sl}(\rho _{s}-\rho _{l})}}} <p>where </p> ϕ s l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl}} is the solids fraction of the slurry (state by mass) ρ s {\displaystyle \rho _{s}} is the solids density ρ s l {\displaystyle \rho _{sl}} is the slurry density ρ l {\displaystyle \rho _{l}} is the liquid density <p>In aqueous slurries, as is common in mineral processing, the specific gravity of the species is typically used, and since <a href="/facts/Relative_density/ySquGd2x">specific gravity</a> of water is taken to be 1, this relation is typically written: </p> ϕ s l = ρ s ( ρ s l − 1 ) ρ s l ( ρ s − 1 ) {\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {\rho _{s}(\rho _{sl}-1)}{\rho _{sl}(\rho _{s}-1)}}} <p>even though specific gravity with units tonnes/m3 (t/m3) is used instead of the SI density unit, kg/m3. </p> <h3>Liquid mass from mass fraction of solids</h3> <p>To determine the mass of liquid in a sample given the mass of solids and the mass fraction: By definition </p> ϕ s l = M s M s l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{sl}}}} <p>therefore </p> M s l = M s ϕ s l {\displaystyle M_{sl}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}} <p>and </p> M s + M l = M s ϕ s l {\displaystyle M_{s}+M_{l}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}} <p>then </p> M l = M s ϕ s l − M s {\displaystyle M_{l}={\frac {M_{s}}{\phi _{sl}}}-M_{s}} <p>and therefore </p> M l = 1 − ϕ s l ϕ s l M s {\displaystyle M_{l}={\frac {1-\phi _{sl}}{\phi _{sl}}}M_{s}} <p>where </p> ϕ s l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl}} is the solids fraction of the slurry M s {\displaystyle M_{s}} is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream M s l {\displaystyle M_{sl}} is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream M l {\displaystyle M_{l}} is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream <h3>Volumetric fraction from mass fraction</h3> ϕ s l , m = M s M s l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{sl}}}} <p>Equivalently </p> ϕ s l , v = V s V s l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {V_{s}}{V_{sl}}}} <p>and in a minerals processing context where the specific gravity of the liquid (water) is taken to be one: </p> ϕ s l , v = M s S G s M s S G s + M l 1 {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {\frac {M_{s}}{SG_{s}}}{{\frac {M_{s}}{SG_{s}}}+{\frac {M_{l}}{1}}}}} <p>So </p> ϕ s l , v = M s M s + M l S G s {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}SG_{s}}}} <p>and </p> ϕ s l , v = 1 1 + M l S G s M s {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {M_{l}SG_{s}}{M_{s}}}}}} <p>Then combining with the first equation: </p> ϕ s l , v = 1 1 + M l S G s ϕ s l , m M s M s M s + M l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {M_{l}SG_{s}}{\phi _{sl,m}M_{s}}}{\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}}}} <p>So </p> ϕ s l , v = 1 1 + S G s ϕ s l , m M l M s + M l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+{\frac {SG_{s}}{\phi _{sl,m}}}{\frac {M_{l}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}}}} <p>Then since </p> ϕ s l , m = M s M s + M l = 1 − M l M s + M l {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}={\frac {M_{s}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}=1-{\frac {M_{l}}{M_{s}+M_{l}}}} <p>we conclude that </p> ϕ s l , v = 1 1 + S G s ( 1 ϕ s l , m − 1 ) {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}={\frac {1}{1+SG_{s}({\frac {1}{\phi _{sl,m}}}-1)}}} <p>where </p> ϕ s l , v {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,v}} is the solids fraction of the slurry on a <i>volumetric</i> basis ϕ s l , m {\displaystyle \phi _{sl,m}} is the solids fraction of the slurry on a <i>mass</i> basis M s {\displaystyle M_{s}} is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream M s l {\displaystyle M_{sl}} is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream M l {\displaystyle M_{l}} is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream S G s {\displaystyle SG_{s}} is the bulk specific gravity of the solids <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Grout/bIHN5knM">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slurry_pipeline/EMw3BIlI">Slurry pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slurry_transport/zvRA8pbz">Slurry transport</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Slurry_wall/ms50UCCR">Slurry wall</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Slurry. Look up <i>slurry</i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. <ul><li>Bonapace, A.C. <a href="http://solids-hydraulic-transport.com/introduction.html">A General Theory of the Hydraulic Transport of Solids in Full Suspension</a></li> <li>Ravelet, F.; Bakir, F.; Khelladi, S.; Rey, R. (2013). <a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00631562/file/CaillouxFinalHal.pdf">"Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes"</a> (PDF). <i>Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science</i>. 45: 187–197. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ETFS...45..187R">2013ETFS...45..187R</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.expthermflusci.2012.11.003">10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.11.003</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55554454">55554454</a>.</li> <li>Ming, G., Ruixiang, L., Fusheng, N., Liqun, X. (2007). <a href="https://www.westerndredging.org/phocadownload/ConferencePresentations/2007_WODA_Florida/Session4B-DredgingResearch/2%20-%20Ming%20-%20Hydraulic%20Transport%20of%20Coarse%20Gravel%E2%80%93A%20Laboratory%20Investigation%20into%20Flow%20Resistance.pdf">Hydraulic Transport of Coarse Gravel—A Laboratory Investigation Into Flow Resistance.</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Shlumberger: Oilfield glossary". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-05-06. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120531130250/http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=cement" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120531130250/http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=cement</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Rheonova : Measuring rheological properties of settling slurries". Archived from the original on 2020-04-18. Retrieved 2013-11-30. <a href="http://www.rheonova.fr/en/chemistry" target="_blank">http://www.rheonova.fr/en/chemistry</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Portland Cement Association: Controlled Low-Strength Material". Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2012-05-06. <a href="http://www.cement.org/basics/concreteproducts_clsm.asp" target="_blank">http://www.cement.org/basics/concreteproducts_clsm.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"IRing - Creators of Aegis, an underground drill & blast planning software that helps a mine improve its effectiveness and efficiency". Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-01-02. <a href="http://www.iring.ca/_Knowledgebase/module_2_3.html?ms=AAA%3D&st=MA%3D%3D&sct=MjI%3D&mw=MjQw" target="_blank">http://www.iring.ca/_Knowledgebase/module_2_3.html?ms=AAA%3D&st=MA%3D%3D&sct=MjI%3D&mw=MjQw</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Red Valve Company: Coal Slurry Pipeline <a href="https://archive.today/20130201031501/http://www.redvalve.com/rv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=56" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130201031501/http://www.redvalve.com/rv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137&Itemid=56</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Rheonova : Measuring food bolus properties Archived 2013-11-30 at archive.today <a href="http://www.rheonova.fr/en/fodd-industry" target="_blank">http://www.rheonova.fr/en/fodd-industry</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Wills, B.A. and Napier-Munn, T.J, Wills' Mineral Processing Technology: an introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery, ISBN 978-0-7506-4450-1, Seventh Edition (2006), Elsevier, Great Britain <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>