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Reference.org
Small Arms Survey
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The Small Arms Survey was established in 1999 "on the initiative" of Switzerland's <a href="/facts/Federal_Department_of_Foreign_Affairs/z36oYCLq">Federal Department of Foreign Affairs</a> (FDFA)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> and "in conjunction with other interested governments".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> They placed the project under the tutelage of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>In July 1999, <a href="/facts/Keith_Krause/vlLIFatu">Keith Krause</a> (born 1960) became the founder and programme director. The <a href="/facts/Canadians/9y5ceYgk">Canadian</a> <a href="/facts/Political_scientist/Gqy5EoRX">political scientist</a>, who wrote his PhD thesis at Oxford University on the issue of international arms transfers and has been a professor of international politics at the IHEID since 1994, remained in that position until December 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="focus-projects">Focus projects</h2> <p>The Small Arms Survey hosts the <a href="/facts/Geneva_Declaration_on_Armed_Violence_and_Development/eSHLx8vE">Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development</a> Secretariat.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The Small Arms Survey's Human Security Baseline Assessment for <a href="/facts/Sudan/yGeaNdvS">Sudan</a> and <a href="/facts/South_Sudan/DacJpKfT">South Sudan</a> project supports violence reduction initiatives, including disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration programmes, incentive schemes for civilian arms collections and security sector reform, and arms control interventions across Sudan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>The Security Assessment in North Africa project supports efforts to build a more secure environment in <a href="/facts/North_Africa/ItxQAfs7">North Africa</a> and the Sahel-Sahara region. The project produces evidence-based research and analysis on the availability and circulation of small arms, the dynamics of emerging armed groups, and related insecurity. The research stresses the effects of the recent uprisings and armed conflicts in the region on community safety.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="2018-report">2018 report</h2> <p>In 2018, Small Arms Survey reported that there are over one billion small arms distributed globally, of which 857 million (about 85 percent) are in <a href="/facts/Civilian/ApBkSzGP">civilian</a> hands.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> According to Small Arms Survey's estimates, U.S. civilians alone account for 393 million (about 46 percent) of the worldwide total of civilian held firearms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> This amounts to "120.5 firearms for every 100 residents."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>According to the report, the world's <a href="/facts/Armed_forces/kgNmLUnN">armed forces</a> control about 133 million (about 13 percent) of the global total of small arms, of which over 43 percent belong to two countries: the Russian Federation (30.3 million) and China (27.5 million).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> And, the world's <a href="/facts/Law_enforcement_agency/LBQN5bl8">law enforcement agencies</a> control about 23 million (about 2 percent) of the global total of small arms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h3>Global distribution of firearms</h3> Small Arms Survey estimates of worldwide firearms holdings, 2017<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th>Location</th><th>Civilian held firearms</th><th>Population 2017</th><th>Civilian held firearms per 100 persons</th><th>Military held firearms</th><th>Law enforcement held firearms</th></tr><tr><td>Total firearms = approximately 1,013,000,000</td><td>857,000,000</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>133,000,000</td><td>23,000,000</td></tr><tr><td>Afghanistan</td><td>4,270,000</td><td>34,169,000</td><td>12.5</td><td>331,170</td><td>239,000</td></tr><tr><td>Albania</td><td>350,000</td><td>2,911,000</td><td>12.0</td><td>21,750</td><td>19,000</td></tr><tr><td>Algeria</td><td>877,000</td><td>41,064,000</td><td>2.1</td><td>637,720</td><td>363,000</td></tr><tr><td>American Samoa</td><td>400</td><td>56,000</td><td>0.7</td><td>-</td><td>90</td></tr><tr><td>Andorra</td><td>10,000</td><td>69,000</td><td>14.1</td><td>-</td><td>976</td></tr><tr><td>Angola</td><td>2,982,000</td><td>26,656,000</td><td>11.2</td><td>203,300</td><td>60,000</td></tr><tr><td>Antigua and Barbuda</td><td>5,000</td><td>94,000</td><td>5.4</td><td>438</td><td>800</td></tr><tr><td>Argentina</td><td>3,256,000</td><td>44,272,000</td><td>7.4</td><td>679,770</td><td>391,000</td></tr><tr><td>Armenia</td><td>186,000</td><td>3,032,000</td><td>6.1</td><td>509,240</td><td>18,000</td></tr><tr><td>Aruba</td><td>3,000</td><td>105,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>-</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>Australia</td><td>3,573,000</td><td>24,642,000</td><td>14.5</td><td>214,520</td><td>69,000</td></tr><tr><td>Austria</td><td>2,577,000</td><td>8,592,000</td><td>30.0</td><td>240,880</td><td>37,900</td></tr><tr><td>Azerbaijan</td><td>362,000</td><td>9,974,000</td><td>3.6</td><td>537,920</td><td>18,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bahamas</td><td>74,000</td><td>397,000</td><td>18.8</td><td>2,470</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bahrain</td><td>181,000</td><td>1,419,000</td><td>12.8</td><td>25,796</td><td>20,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bangladesh</td><td>659,000</td><td>164,828,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>410,305</td><td>333,000</td></tr><tr><td>Barbados</td><td>10,000</td><td>286,000</td><td>3.5</td><td>1,675</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Belarus</td><td>581,000</td><td>9,459,000</td><td>6.1</td><td>780,600</td><td>165,000</td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td>1,451,000</td><td>11,444,000</td><td>12.7</td><td>80,880</td><td>78,000</td></tr><tr><td>Belize</td><td>37,000</td><td>375,000</td><td>10.0</td><td>3,690</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Benin</td><td>33,000</td><td>11,459,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>8,700</td><td>26,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bermuda</td><td>3,000</td><td>61,000</td><td>4.6</td><td>-</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>Bhutan</td><td>6,000</td><td>793,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>15,200</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bolivia</td><td>218,000</td><td>11,053,000</td><td>2.0</td><td>87,590</td><td>42,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bosnia and Herzegovina</td><td>1,185,000</td><td>3,793,000</td><td>31.2</td><td>27,300</td><td>29,000</td></tr><tr><td>Botswana</td><td>97,000</td><td>2,344,000</td><td>4.1</td><td>17,100</td><td>11,000</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>17,510,000</td><td>211,243,000</td><td>8.3</td><td>1,316,300</td><td>803,000</td></tr><tr><td>Brunei Darussalam</td><td>6,000</td><td>434,000</td><td>1.4</td><td>20,220</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bulgaria</td><td>590,000</td><td>7,045,000</td><td>8.4</td><td>176,640</td><td>59,400</td></tr><tr><td>Burkina Faso</td><td>175,000</td><td>19,173,000</td><td>0.9</td><td>43,780</td><td>43,000</td></tr><tr><td>Burundi</td><td>238,000</td><td>11,936,000</td><td>2.0</td><td>75,960</td><td>24,278</td></tr><tr><td>Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)</td><td>31,000</td><td>533,000</td><td>5.7</td><td>2,280</td><td>19,000</td></tr><tr><td>Cambodia</td><td>717,000</td><td>16,076,000</td><td>4.5</td><td>258,670</td><td>64,000</td></tr><tr><td>Cameroon</td><td>510,000</td><td>24,514,000</td><td>2.1</td><td>27,360</td><td>15,000</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>12,708,000</td><td>36,626,000</td><td>34.7</td><td>233,949</td><td>103,000</td></tr><tr><td>Cayman Islands</td><td>6,000</td><td>62,000</td><td>9.2</td><td>-</td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td>Central African Republic</td><td>94,000</td><td>5,099,000</td><td>1.8</td><td>8,580</td><td>10,000</td></tr><tr><td>Chad</td><td>151,000</td><td>14,965,000</td><td>1.0</td><td>25,020</td><td>34,000</td></tr><tr><td>Channel Islands</td><td>23,000</td><td>165,000</td><td>14.0</td><td>-</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>Chile</td><td>2,220,000</td><td>18,313,000</td><td>12.1</td><td>311,900</td><td>66,000</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>49,735,000</td><td>1,388,233,000</td><td>3.6</td><td>27,466,400</td><td>1,971,000</td></tr><tr><td>China, Macao SAR</td><td>22,000</td><td>606,000</td><td>3.6</td><td>-</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Christmas Island</td><td>0</td><td>2,000</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td>50</td></tr><tr><td>Colombia</td><td>4,971,000</td><td>49,068,000</td><td>10.1</td><td>350,689</td><td>283,000</td></tr><tr><td>Comoros</td><td>12,000</td><td>826,000</td><td>1.5</td><td>600</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Congo, Republic of</td><td>119,000</td><td>4,866,000</td><td>2.4</td><td>12,000</td><td>11,000</td></tr><tr><td>Costa Rica</td><td>493,000</td><td>4,906,000</td><td>10.0</td><td>-</td><td>17,000</td></tr><tr><td>Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</td><td>1,049,000</td><td>23,816,000</td><td>4.4</td><td>33,045</td><td>15,000</td></tr><tr><td>Croatia</td><td>576,000</td><td>4,210,000</td><td>13.7</td><td>75,120</td><td>39,000</td></tr><tr><td>Cuba</td><td>234,000</td><td>11,390,000</td><td>2.1</td><td>958,100</td><td>42,000</td></tr><tr><td>Curaçao</td><td>4,000</td><td>160,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>-</td><td>600</td></tr><tr><td>Cyprus, North</td><td>61,000</td><td>349,000</td><td>17.4</td><td>-</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Cyprus, Rep. of</td><td>285,000</td><td>839,000</td><td>34.0</td><td>99,000</td><td>11,000</td></tr><tr><td>Czech Republic</td><td>1,323,000</td><td>10,555,000</td><td>12.5</td><td>157,233</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>Democratic Republic of Congo</td><td>946,000</td><td>82,243,000</td><td>1.2</td><td>161,100</td><td>46,000</td></tr><tr><td>Denmark</td><td>567,000</td><td>5,712,000</td><td>9.9</td><td>124,120</td><td>20,000</td></tr><tr><td>Djibouti</td><td>28,000</td><td>911,000</td><td>3.1</td><td>19,855</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Dominica</td><td>5,000</td><td>73,000</td><td>6.2</td><td>-</td><td>600</td></tr><tr><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>795,000</td><td>10,767,000</td><td>7.4</td><td>106,495</td><td>46,000</td></tr><tr><td>Ecuador</td><td>402,000</td><td>16,626,000</td><td>2.4</td><td>253,668</td><td>41,000</td></tr><tr><td>Egypt</td><td>3,931,000</td><td>95,215,000</td><td>4.1</td><td>1,544,750</td><td>1,530,000</td></tr><tr><td>El Salvador</td><td>737,000</td><td>6,167,000</td><td>12.0</td><td>127,840</td><td>30,000</td></tr><tr><td>England and Wales</td><td>2,731,000</td><td>58,877,000</td><td>4.6</td><td>-</td><td>28,000</td></tr><tr><td>Equatorial Guinea</td><td>112,000</td><td>894,000</td><td>12.5</td><td>2,760</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Eritrea</td><td>23,000</td><td>5,482,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>668,550</td><td>12,000</td></tr><tr><td>Estonia</td><td>65,000</td><td>1,306,000</td><td>5.0</td><td>38,760</td><td>18,000</td></tr><tr><td>Ethiopia</td><td>377,000</td><td>104,345,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>525,600</td><td>79,000</td></tr><tr><td>Falkland Islands (Malvinas)</td><td>2,000</td><td>3,000</td><td>62.1</td><td>-</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Faroe Islands</td><td>5,000</td><td>49,000</td><td>9.9</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Fiji</td><td>5,000</td><td>903,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>16,700</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Finland</td><td>1,793,000</td><td>5,541,000</td><td>32.4</td><td>475,030</td><td>14,000</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>12,732,000</td><td>64,939,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>566,430</td><td>497,000</td></tr><tr><td>French Guiana</td><td>55,000</td><td>283,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>–</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>French Polynesia</td><td>7,000</td><td>289,000</td><td>2.5</td><td>-</td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td>Gabon</td><td>61,000</td><td>1,801,000</td><td>3.4</td><td>5,640</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Gambia</td><td>137,000</td><td>2,120,000</td><td>6.5</td><td>1,080</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Georgia</td><td>402,000</td><td>3,973,000</td><td>10.1</td><td>63,950</td><td>41,000</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>15,822,000</td><td>80,636,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>483,016</td><td>466,000</td></tr><tr><td>Ghana</td><td>2,280,000</td><td>28,657,000</td><td>8.0</td><td>18,600</td><td>28,000</td></tr><tr><td>Gibraltar</td><td>1,000</td><td>32,000</td><td>4.1</td><td>-</td><td>600</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>1,920,000</td><td>10,893,000</td><td>17.6</td><td>642,510</td><td>99,000</td></tr><tr><td>Greenland</td><td>13,000</td><td>56,000</td><td>22.3</td><td>–</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>Grenada</td><td>5,000</td><td>108,000</td><td>4.6</td><td>–</td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Guadeloupe</td><td>40,000</td><td>472,000</td><td>8.5</td><td>-</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Guam</td><td>20,000</td><td>174,000</td><td>11.5</td><td>-</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>Guatemala</td><td>2,062,000</td><td>17,005,000</td><td>12.1</td><td>160,600</td><td>43,000</td></tr><tr><td>Guinea</td><td>130,000</td><td>13,291,000</td><td>1.0</td><td>23,080</td><td>13,000</td></tr><tr><td>Guinea-Bissau</td><td>29,000</td><td>1,933,000</td><td>1.5</td><td>10,260</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Guyana</td><td>122,000</td><td>774,000</td><td>15.8</td><td>10,890</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Haiti</td><td>291,000</td><td>10,983,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>380</td><td>15,000</td></tr><tr><td>Holy See</td><td>0</td><td>1,000</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Honduras</td><td>1,171,000</td><td>8,305,000</td><td>14.1</td><td>107,720</td><td>29,000</td></tr><tr><td>Hong Kong SAR, China</td><td>265,000</td><td>7,402,000</td><td>3.6</td><td>-</td><td>28,000</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>1,023,000</td><td>9,788,000</td><td>10.5</td><td>147,880</td><td>17,000</td></tr><tr><td>Iceland</td><td>106,000</td><td>334,000</td><td>31.7</td><td>650</td><td>590</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>71,101,000</td><td>1,342,513,000</td><td>5.3</td><td>3,900,000</td><td>1,700,000</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>82,000</td><td>263,510,000</td><td>0.0</td><td>1,711,450</td><td>429,000</td></tr><tr><td>Iran, Islamic Republic of</td><td>5,890,000</td><td>80,946,000</td><td>7.3</td><td>3,333,550</td><td>98,000</td></tr><tr><td>Iraq</td><td>7,588,000</td><td>38,654,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>611,000</td><td>56,000</td></tr><tr><td>Ireland</td><td>342,000</td><td>4,749,000</td><td>7.2</td><td>26,636</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>557,000</td><td>8,323,000</td><td>6.7</td><td>1,016,900</td><td>41,000</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>8,609,000</td><td>59,798,000</td><td>14.4</td><td>502,960</td><td>273,000</td></tr><tr><td>Jamaica</td><td>246,000</td><td>2,813,000</td><td>8.8</td><td>8,681</td><td>12,000</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>377,000</td><td>126,045,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>745,514</td><td>252,000</td></tr><tr><td>Jordan</td><td>1,473,000</td><td>7,877,000</td><td>18.7</td><td>286,450</td><td>60,000</td></tr><tr><td>Kazakhstan</td><td>504,000</td><td>18,064,000</td><td>2.8</td><td>375,690</td><td>65,000</td></tr><tr><td>Kenya</td><td>750,000</td><td>48,467,000</td><td>1.5</td><td>45,790</td><td>51,527</td></tr><tr><td>Kiribati</td><td>900</td><td>116,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Korea, DPR (North)</td><td>76,000</td><td>25,405,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>8,363,100</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>Korea, Republic of (South)</td><td>79,000</td><td>50,705,000</td><td>0.2</td><td>2,688,020</td><td>115,000</td></tr><tr><td>Kosovo</td><td>436,000</td><td>1,831,000</td><td>23.8</td><td>9,500</td><td>21,000</td></tr><tr><td>Kuwait</td><td>685,000</td><td>4,100,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>82,580</td><td>11,000</td></tr><tr><td>Kyrgyzstan</td><td>171,000</td><td>6,125,000</td><td>2.8</td><td>145,010</td><td>18,000</td></tr><tr><td>Lao, People's Democratic Republic</td><td>215,000</td><td>7,038,000</td><td>3.0</td><td>224,690</td><td>21,000</td></tr><tr><td>Latvia</td><td>205,000</td><td>1,945,000</td><td>10.5</td><td>27,936</td><td>17,000</td></tr><tr><td>Lebanon</td><td>1,927,000</td><td>6,039,000</td><td>31.9</td><td>130,150</td><td>41,000</td></tr><tr><td>Lesotho</td><td>105,000</td><td>2,185,000</td><td>4.8</td><td>2,400</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Liberia</td><td>97,000</td><td>4,730,000</td><td>2.1</td><td>2,520</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Libya</td><td>851,000</td><td>6,409,000</td><td>13.3</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Liechtenstein</td><td>11,000</td><td>38,000</td><td>28.8</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Lithuania</td><td>385,000</td><td>2,831,000</td><td>13.6</td><td>81,240</td><td>17,000</td></tr><tr><td>Luxembourg</td><td>110,000</td><td>584,000</td><td>18.9</td><td>2,340</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of</td><td>621,000</td><td>2,083,000</td><td>29.8</td><td>29,530</td><td>21,000</td></tr><tr><td>Madagascar</td><td>168,000</td><td>25,613,000</td><td>0.7</td><td>25,320</td><td>20,000</td></tr><tr><td>Malawi</td><td>47,000</td><td>18,299,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>24,480</td><td>8,400</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>217,000</td><td>31,164,000</td><td>0.7</td><td>428,170</td><td>102,000</td></tr><tr><td>Maldives</td><td>23,000</td><td>376,000</td><td>6.2</td><td>9,500</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mali</td><td>206,000</td><td>18,690,000</td><td>1.1</td><td>15,800</td><td>3,000</td></tr><tr><td>Malta</td><td>119,000</td><td>421,000</td><td>28.3</td><td>5,547</td><td>1,637</td></tr><tr><td>Marshall Islands</td><td>300</td><td>53,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>-</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Martinique</td><td>34,000</td><td>396,000</td><td>8.5</td><td>-</td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritania</td><td>120,000</td><td>4,266,000</td><td>2.8</td><td>22,820</td><td>10,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mauritius</td><td>106,000</td><td>1,281,000</td><td>8.3</td><td>4,845</td><td>11,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>16,809,000</td><td>130,223,000</td><td>12.9</td><td>895,285</td><td>591,000</td></tr><tr><td>Micronesia, Fed. Sts.</td><td>700</td><td>106,000</td><td>0.7</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Moldova, Republic of</td><td>121,000</td><td>4,055,000</td><td>3.0</td><td>98,600</td><td>21,000</td></tr><tr><td>Monaco</td><td>7,000</td><td>38,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>-</td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mongolia</td><td>242,000</td><td>3,052,000</td><td>7.9</td><td>323,400</td><td>7,000</td></tr><tr><td>Montenegro</td><td>245,000</td><td>626,000</td><td>39.1</td><td>5,396</td><td>8,000</td></tr><tr><td>Montserrat</td><td>300</td><td>5,000</td><td>5.4</td><td>-</td><td>90</td></tr><tr><td>Morocco</td><td>1,690,000</td><td>35,241,000</td><td>4.8</td><td>588,020</td><td>91,000</td></tr><tr><td>Mozambique</td><td>1,337,000</td><td>29,538,000</td><td>4.5</td><td>60,000</td><td>24,000</td></tr><tr><td>Myanmar</td><td>877,000</td><td>54,836,000</td><td>1.6</td><td>788,900</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>Namibia</td><td>396,000</td><td>2,569,000</td><td>15.4</td><td>11,880</td><td>15,000</td></tr><tr><td>Nauru</td><td>0</td><td>10,000</td><td>0.0</td><td>-</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><td>Nepal</td><td>444,000</td><td>29,187,000</td><td>1.5</td><td>183,540</td><td>62,000</td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>442,000</td><td>17,033,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>108,676</td><td>96,000</td></tr><tr><td>New Caledonia</td><td>115,000</td><td>270,000</td><td>42.5</td><td>-</td><td>700</td></tr><tr><td>New Zealand</td><td>1,212,000</td><td>4,605,000</td><td>26.3</td><td>38,280</td><td>13,000</td></tr><tr><td>Nicaragua</td><td>323,000</td><td>6,218,000</td><td>5.2</td><td>261,800</td><td>8,590</td></tr><tr><td>Niger</td><td>117,000</td><td>21,564,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>11,110</td><td>10,000</td></tr><tr><td>Nigeria</td><td>6,154,000</td><td>191,836,000</td><td>3.2</td><td>224,200</td><td>362,400</td></tr><tr><td>Northern Ireland</td><td>206,000</td><td>1,873,000</td><td>11.0</td><td>-</td><td>13,000</td></tr><tr><td>Northern Mariana Islands</td><td>1,000</td><td>56,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>-</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td>Norway</td><td>1,537,000</td><td>5,331,000</td><td>28.8</td><td>188,646</td><td>13,000</td></tr><tr><td>Oman</td><td>792,000</td><td>4,741,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>118,360</td><td>31,000</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>43,917,000</td><td>196,744,000</td><td>22.3</td><td>2,315,480</td><td>944,000</td></tr><tr><td>Palau</td><td>100</td><td>22,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>-</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><td>Palestinian Territories</td><td>56,000</td><td>4,952,000</td><td>1.1</td><td>44,410</td><td>33,000</td></tr><tr><td>Panama</td><td>436,000</td><td>4,051,000</td><td>10.8</td><td>-</td><td>30,000</td></tr><tr><td>Papua New Guinea</td><td>79,000</td><td>7,934,000</td><td>1.0</td><td>7,200</td><td>4,800</td></tr><tr><td>Paraguay</td><td>1,140,000</td><td>6,812,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>235,780</td><td>21,000</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>633,000</td><td>32,166,000</td><td>2.0</td><td>473,400</td><td>142,000</td></tr><tr><td>Philippines</td><td>3,776,000</td><td>103,797,000</td><td>3.6</td><td>454,700</td><td>139,043</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>968,000</td><td>38,564,000</td><td>2.5</td><td>307,200</td><td>188,000</td></tr><tr><td>Portugal</td><td>2,186,000</td><td>10,265,000</td><td>21.3</td><td>333,640</td><td>89,000</td></tr><tr><td>Puerto Rico</td><td>422,000</td><td>3,679,000</td><td>11.5</td><td>-</td><td>26,000</td></tr><tr><td>Puntland</td><td>246,000</td><td>1,995,000</td><td>12.3</td><td>3,600</td><td>8,000</td></tr><tr><td>Qatar</td><td>390,000</td><td>2,338,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>30,680</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Réunion</td><td>171,000</td><td>873,000</td><td>19.6</td><td>-</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td>506,000</td><td>19,238,000</td><td>2.6</td><td>240,180</td><td>251,000</td></tr><tr><td>Russian Federation</td><td>17,620,000</td><td>143,375,000</td><td>12.3</td><td>30,272,900</td><td>2,432,000</td></tr><tr><td>Rwanda</td><td>66,000</td><td>12,160,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>66,500</td><td>14,000</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Kitts and Nevis</td><td>2,000</td><td>57,000</td><td>3.4</td><td>-</td><td>600</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Lucia</td><td>6,000</td><td>188,000</td><td>3.4</td><td>-</td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Martin (France)</td><td>3,000</td><td>32,000</td><td>8.5</td><td>-</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</td><td>4,000</td><td>110,000</td><td>3.4</td><td>-</td><td>1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Samoa</td><td>20,000</td><td>196,000</td><td>10.1</td><td>-</td><td>400</td></tr><tr><td>San Marino</td><td>5,000</td><td>32,000</td><td>14.4</td><td>-</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>São Tomé and Principe</td><td>7,000</td><td>198,000</td><td>3.4</td><td>570</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>5,468,000</td><td>32,743,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>481,350</td><td>214,000</td></tr><tr><td>Scotland</td><td>305,000</td><td>5,436,000</td><td>5.6</td><td>-</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Senegal</td><td>323,000</td><td>16,054,000</td><td>2.0</td><td>16,320</td><td>6,000</td></tr><tr><td>Serbia</td><td>2,719,000</td><td>6,946,000</td><td>39.1</td><td>384,422</td><td>53,100</td></tr><tr><td>Seychelles</td><td>4,000</td><td>98,000</td><td>4.1</td><td>798</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Sierra Leone</td><td>35,000</td><td>6,733,000</td><td>0.5</td><td>10,200</td><td>12,000</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>20,000</td><td>5,785,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>574,140</td><td>9,000</td></tr><tr><td>Sint Maarten (Netherlands)</td><td>2,000</td><td>40,000</td><td>4.2</td><td>-</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>Slovakia</td><td>355,000</td><td>5,432,000</td><td>6.5</td><td>33,150</td><td>43,000</td></tr><tr><td>Slovenia</td><td>324,000</td><td>2,071,000</td><td>15.6</td><td>131,686</td><td>13,000</td></tr><tr><td>Solomon Islands</td><td>1,000</td><td>606,000</td><td>0.2</td><td>-</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><td>Somalia</td><td>1,145,000</td><td>9,225,000</td><td>12.4</td><td>37,620</td><td>8,000</td></tr><tr><td>Somaliland</td><td>456,000</td><td>3,823,000</td><td>11.9</td><td>23,750</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td>5,351,000</td><td>55,436,000</td><td>9.7</td><td>350,636</td><td>250,481</td></tr><tr><td>South Sudan</td><td>1,255,000</td><td>13,096,000</td><td>9.6</td><td>351,500</td><td>42,000</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>3,464,000</td><td>46,070,000</td><td>7.5</td><td>333,660</td><td>264,196</td></tr><tr><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>494,000</td><td>20,905,000</td><td>2.4</td><td>509,700</td><td>134,000</td></tr><tr><td>Sudan</td><td>2,768,000</td><td>42,166,000</td><td>6.6</td><td>590,170</td><td>129,000</td></tr><tr><td>Suriname</td><td>88,000</td><td>552,000</td><td>15.9</td><td>5,985</td><td>2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Swaziland</td><td>64,000</td><td>1,320,000</td><td>4.8</td><td>5,700</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td>2,296,000</td><td>9,921,000</td><td>23.1</td><td>139,180</td><td>38,000</td></tr><tr><td>Switzerland</td><td>2,332,000</td><td>8,454,000</td><td>27.6</td><td>324,484</td><td>34,000</td></tr><tr><td>Syrian Arab Republic</td><td>1,547,000</td><td>18,907,000</td><td>8.2</td><td>655,500</td><td>124,000</td></tr><tr><td>Taiwan (Republic of China)</td><td>10,000</td><td>23,405,000</td><td>0.0</td><td>2,022,150</td><td>76,000</td></tr><tr><td>Tajikistan</td><td>37,000</td><td>8,858,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>56,490</td><td>9,000</td></tr><tr><td>Tanzania, United Republic of Africa</td><td>427,000</td><td>56,878,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>190,050</td><td>37,000</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>10,342,000</td><td>68,298,000</td><td>15.1</td><td>1,052,815</td><td>230,000</td></tr><tr><td>Timor-Leste (East Timor)</td><td>3,000</td><td>1,237,000</td><td>0.3</td><td>2,527</td><td>4,000</td></tr><tr><td>Togo</td><td>58,000</td><td>7,692,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>12,850</td><td>5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Tonga</td><td>9,000</td><td>108,000</td><td>8.0</td><td>-</td><td>200</td></tr><tr><td>Trinidad and Tobago</td><td>43,000</td><td>1,369,000</td><td>3.2</td><td>7,695</td><td>9,000</td></tr><tr><td>Tunisia</td><td>123,000</td><td>11,495,000</td><td>1.1</td><td>68,020</td><td>73,000</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>13,249,000</td><td>80,418,000</td><td>16.5</td><td>1,390,180</td><td>620,000</td></tr><tr><td>Turkmenistan</td><td>23,000</td><td>5,503,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>184,700</td><td>27,000</td></tr><tr><td>Turks and Caicos Islands</td><td>1,000</td><td>35,000</td><td>3.3</td><td>-</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Tuvalu</td><td>100</td><td>10,000</td><td>1.2</td><td>-</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><td>Uganda</td><td>331,000</td><td>41,653,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>116,660</td><td>54,000</td></tr><tr><td>Ukraine</td><td>4,396,000</td><td>44,405,000</td><td>9.9</td><td>6,600,000</td><td>289,000</td></tr><tr><td>United Arab Emirates</td><td>1,569,000</td><td>9,398,000</td><td>16.7</td><td>163,800</td><td>41,000</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom Combined civilian, military and law enforcement numbers for (England and Wales), (Northern Ireland) & (Scotland).</td><td>3,242,000</td><td>66,186,000</td><td>4.9</td><td>539,680</td><td>43,000</td></tr><tr><td>United States of America</td><td>393,347,000</td><td>326,474,000</td><td>120.5</td><td>4,535,380</td><td>1,016,000</td></tr><tr><td>Uruguay</td><td>1,198,000</td><td>3,457,000</td><td>34.7</td><td>62,130</td><td>30,000</td></tr><tr><td>Uzbekistan</td><td>127,000</td><td>30,691,000</td><td>0.4</td><td>268,400</td><td>150,000</td></tr><tr><td>Vanuatu</td><td>11,000</td><td>276,000</td><td>3.9</td><td>-</td><td>350</td></tr><tr><td>Venezuela</td><td>5,895,000</td><td>31,926,000</td><td>18.5</td><td>353,300</td><td>173,000</td></tr><tr><td>Vietnam</td><td>1,562,000</td><td>95,415,000</td><td>1.6</td><td>3,829,200</td><td>285,000</td></tr><tr><td>Virgin Islands (U.K.)</td><td>300</td><td>31,000</td><td>0.8</td><td>-</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>Virgin Islands (U.S.)</td><td>18,000</td><td>107,000</td><td>16.6</td><td>-</td><td>300</td></tr><tr><td>Yemen</td><td>14,859,000</td><td>28,120,000</td><td>52.8</td><td>28,500</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><td>Zambia</td><td>158,000</td><td>17,238,000</td><td>0.9</td><td>41,040</td><td>16,000</td></tr><tr><td>Zimbabwe</td><td>455,000</td><td>16,338,000</td><td>2.8</td><td>91,580</td><td>23,000</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>American gun ownership</h3> <p>American civilians own over 393 million guns. "Americans made up 4 percent of the world's population but owned about 46 percent of the entire global stock of 857 million civilian firearms."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> That is three times as many guns as the combined stockpile of the world's armed forces.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> American civilians own more guns "than those held by civilians in the other top 25 countries combined."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reception">Reception</h2> <p>The Small Arms Survey's reports are widely used and considered to be accurate, though all of the figures involve "some degree of estimation", and estimates for certain countries are highly uncertain.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p>In response to a report about the number of firearms in Finland, the Finnish Ministry of the Interior issued a statement saying that the number was inflated and completely wrong.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="publications">Publications</h2> <p>The project's flagship publication is the <i>Small Arms Survey</i>, an annual review of global small arms issues such as production, stockpiles, brokering, legal and illicit arms transfers, the effects of small arms, and national, bilateral, and multilateral measures to deal with the problems associated with small arms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> Published by Cambridge University Press, it is recognized as the principal international source of impartial and reliable information on all aspects of small arms. It is widely used by policy-makers, government officials and non-governmental organizations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2007</i>, titled <i>Guns in the City</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2009</i>, titled <i>Shadows of War</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2010</i>, titled <i>Gangs, Groups, and Guns</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2011</i>, titled <i>States of Security</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2012</i>, titled <i>Moving Targets</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2013</i>, titled <i>Everyday Dangers</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2014</i>, titled <i>Women and Guns</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2015</i>, titled <i>Weapons and the World</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2018</i>, titled <i>Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2018</i>, titled <i>Estimating Global Civilian Held Firearms Numbers</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2018</i>, titled <i>Estimating Global Military Owned Firearms Numbers</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>The <i>Small Arms Survey 2018</i>, titled <i>Estimating Global Law Enforcement Firearms Numbers</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li></ul> <p>In addition to its annual yearbook, the Small Arms Survey publishes a wide range of periodical research findings. These include a Book Series, Occasional Papers, Special Reports, Working Papers, and short Issue Briefs and Research Notes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> These publications present substantial research findings on data, methodological, and conceptual issues related to small arms or detailed country and regional case studies. Most of these are published in hard copy and are also accessible on the project's web site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Conflict_Armament_Research/Wdv5aNeP">Conflict Armament Research</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gun_ownership/GDG4TXBJ">Gun ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gun_politics/Cj6cg4ft">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Small_arms/GuHx4aGE">Small arms</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Small_arms_proliferation/DpXeM5ge">Small arms proliferation</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org">Official website</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Home". Small Arms Survey. 2011-06-10. Retrieved 14 June 2011. <a href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org" target="_blank">http://www.smallarmssurvey.org</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Small Arms Survey | GPPlatform". Gpplatform.ch. Retrieved 14 June 2011. <a href="http://www.gpplatform.ch/node/1876" target="_blank">http://www.gpplatform.ch/node/1876</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Graduate Institute – Geneva; Small Arms Survey". Un-instraw.org. 2010-12-16. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011. Retrieved 14 June 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720115403/http://www.un-instraw.org/gtcop/wiki/item/87-the-graduate-institute-geneva-small-arms-survey" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110720115403/http://www.un-instraw.org/gtcop/wiki/item/87-the-graduate-institute-geneva-small-arms-survey</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"IUHEI: Small Arms Survey (SAS) - Texts". Administration Research Actions Management Information System (ARAMIS). Retrieved 2022-09-21. <a href="https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Texte/?ProjectID=27870&Sprache=en-US" target="_blank">https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Texte/?ProjectID=27870&Sprache=en-US</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"About the Small Arms Survey" (PDF). Small Arms Survey. 2002. Retrieved 19 September 2022. <a href="https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/Small-Arms-Survey-2002-About-1-SAS-EN.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sites/default/files/resources/Small-Arms-Survey-2002-About-1-SAS-EN.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"IUHEI: Small Arms Survey (SAS) - Texts". Administration Research Actions Management Information System (ARAMIS). Retrieved 2022-09-21. <a href="https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Texte/?ProjectID=27870&Sprache=en-US" target="_blank">https://www.aramis.admin.ch/Texte/?ProjectID=27870&Sprache=en-US</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Krause, Keith (September 2019). "CV" (PDF). Geneva Graduate Institute. 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Retrieved 14 February 2019. <a href="http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/" target="_blank">http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Sudan Human Security Baseline Assessment – Empirical research & support of violence reduction initiatives". Smallarmssurveysudan.org. Retrieved 14 June 2011. <a href="http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/" target="_blank">http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Home". Small Arms Survey. 2013-07-25. Retrieved 23 November 2013. <a href="http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sana" target="_blank">http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/sana</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Small Arms Survey - Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world". www.smallarmssurvey.org. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120414/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120414/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Estimating Global CivilianHELD Firearms Numbers. Aaron Karp. June 2018 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231909/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231909/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Americans Own 46% of the World's 1 Billion Guns, Says U.N. Report". Time. June 2018. Archived from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180622212521/http://time.com/5315400/gun-ownership-america/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180622212521/http://time.com/5315400/gun-ownership-america/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Estimating Global CivilianHELD Firearms Numbers. Aaron Karp. June 2018 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231909/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180620231909/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/T-Briefing-Papers/SAS-BP-Civilian-Firearms-Numbers.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Estimating Global CivilianHELD Firearms Numbers. Aaron Karp. 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Retrieved 14 February 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120414/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120414/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/de/about-us/highlights/2018/highlight-bp-firearms-holdings.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"Small Arms Survey - Small Arms Survey reveals: More than one billion firearms in the world". www.smallarmssurvey.org. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. 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Small Arms Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050416/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/Weapons_and_Markets/Tools/Firearms_holdings/SAS-BP-Law-enforcement-firearms-annexe.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050416/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/Weapons_and_Markets/Tools/Firearms_holdings/SAS-BP-Law-enforcement-firearms-annexe.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>The Washington Post. There are more guns than people in the United States, according to a new study of global firearm ownership. By Christopher Ingraham. 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