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Geographic top-level domain
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<h2 id="proposals">Proposals</h2> <p>Examples of <a href="/facts/Proposed_top-level_domain/tdf0f3VP">proposed top-level domains</a> in this category are: </p> <ul><li>.corsica (the <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">French</a> island of <a href="/facts/Corsica/6xJ6aREr">Corsica</a>)</li> <li>.αθήνα (<a href="/facts/Athens/mBxlp8X1">Athens</a>, <a href="/facts/Greece/lqHw8bTB">Greece</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.berlin/kaCoDGDz">.berlin</a> (city of <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a>, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.wien/shNPS5AI">.wien</a> (city of <a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a>, <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.bcn/zsyEIrPC">.bcn</a> (city of <a href="/facts/Barcelona/8PWLdRbW">Barcelona</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.bzh/4xThsfjB">.bzh</a> (<a href="/facts/Breton_language/e0Rpgyvf">Breton</a> community)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.cym/87LFCzPg">.cym</a> (<a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a> (<i><a href="/facts/Cymru/xa3W6PHH">Cymru</a></i>); awarded to the Cayman Islands)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.cymru/0hyUJYKs">.cymru</a> (Wales (<i>Cymru</i>))</li> <li><a href="/facts/.wales/hNq8KPlF">.wales</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.eus/f8dkglum">.eus</a> (<a href="/facts/Basque_language/rEMpH97p">Basque language</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.gal/1fNYlWSw">.gal</a> (<a href="/facts/Galician_language/bGIhIvMX">Galician language</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.lat/KWSbvglM">.lat</a> (Latin America)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.saarland/8eM2eGhW">.saarland</a> (the German state of <a href="/facts/Saarland/n0THWKUa">Saarland</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.africa/gxTxPMk0">.africa</a> (African and <a href="/facts/Pan_African/IGqVoWGk">Pan African</a> communities)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.scot/rdJb0XSX">.scot</a> (<a href="/facts/Scotland/VGwbbxB2">Scotland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.vlaanderen/8QmUNFK1">.vlaanderen</a> (<a href="/facts/Flanders/JDsTRuR4">Flanders</a>, <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>.上海 (<a href="/facts/Shanghai/nYyuBo2S">Shanghai</a>)</li> <li>.ln and .le - Currently being sold by Dennis Hope's "<a href="/facts/Extraterrestrial_real_estate/sKopc8PB">Lunar Embassy Commission</a>" alongside .lunar, .moon, .venus, .mars, .jupiter, .saturn, .uranus, .neptune, .pluto, .space. People who purchase novelty deeds for outer space property from him are also given free domains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> None of these TLDs are supported by the root servers and it is unlikely they will be in the future (Although, with the ICANN decision to allow registration of custom gTLDs, it becomes possible).</li> <li>.toronto (<a href="/facts/Toronto/cnXH7881">Toronto</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="applications">Applications</h2> <p>On June 13, 2012 <a href="/facts/ICANN/2EHgcUU1">ICANN</a> revealed nearly 2,000 applications for new top-level domains, which were expected to go live throughout 2014 after thorough examination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>Many of these are geographic, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/.africa/gxTxPMk0">.africa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.alsace/MSXIp87H">.alsace</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.amsterdam/0t5K1Fs5">.amsterdam</a> <a href="http://nic.amsterdam">.amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.bar/CNRoQ6ml">.bar</a> (intended for <a href="/facts/Bar%2c_Montenegro/rmdJ21I4">Bar, Montenegro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.barcelona/zsyEIrPC">.barcelona</a></li> <li>.bayern</li> <li><a href="/facts/.bcn/zsyEIrPC">.bcn</a> (for Barcelona)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.berlin/kaCoDGDz">.berlin</a> <a href="http://dot.berlin">.berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.brussels/BmRKlHBj">.brussels</a> <a href="http://nic.brussels">.brussels</a></li> <li>.budapest</li> <li><a href="/facts/.bzh/4xThsfjB">.bzh</a> (for Brittany)</li> <li>.catalonia</li> <li><a href="/facts/.corsica/ElHBNYuY">.corsica</a> <a href="https://www.puntu.corsica">.corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.cymru/0hyUJYKs">.cymru</a> (for Wales, in <a href="/facts/Welsh_language/4Pz8r6yk">Welsh</a>)</li> <li>.doha</li> <li>.durban</li> <li><a href="/facts/.hamburg/w55RgA4P">.hamburg</a> <a href="http://nic.hamburg">.hamburg</a></li> <li>.helsinki</li> <li><a href="/facts/.istanbul/RWKqH1TX">.istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.kiwi/0Fvxhg8E">.kiwi</a> (for <a href="/facts/New_Zealand/4mpSlJdg">New Zealand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.koeln/b12p5NXN">.koeln</a> (for <a href="/facts/Cologne/U2qmyGga">Cologne</a>)</li> <li>.kyoto</li> <li><a href="/facts/.lat/KWSbvglM">.lat</a> (for Latin America)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.london/nxcjjGvv">.london</a></li> <li>.madrid</li> <li><a href="/facts/.melbourne/NSS85xac">.melbourne</a> <a href="http://live.melbourne">.melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.miami/ElHBNYuY">.miami</a></li> <li>.moscow</li> <li>.nagoya</li> <li><a href="/facts/.nrw_(domain)/Twjpvx3p">.nrw</a> (for <a href="/facts/North_Rhine-Westphalia/0QmCWxjo">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.nyc/Et6Ak3zP">.nyc</a> (for New York City)</li> <li>.osaka</li> <li><a href="/facts/.paris/PbHp2zKv">.paris</a></li> <li>.persiangulf</li> <li><a href="/facts/.quebec/apKVRgF5">.quebec</a> (<a href="https://www.registre.quebec">for quebec</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.rio/UE3TRTGM">.rio</a> (for Rio de Janeiro)</li> <li>.roma</li> <li><a href="/facts/.saarland/8eM2eGhW">.saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.scot/rdJb0XSX">.scot</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.stockholm/Xr0yAVrL">.stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.sydney/NSS85xac">.sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.taipei/ElHBNYuY">.taipei</a></li> <li>.thai</li> <li><a href="/facts/.tirol/f2FoMWSd">.tirol</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.tokyo/gyH58a0t">.tokyo</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.vegas/ElHBNYuY">.vegas</a> <a href="https://www.the.vegas">.vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/.wales/hNq8KPlF">.wales</a> (for <a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Wales</a>, in <a href="/facts/English_language/tpkxGt7b">English</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.wien/shNPS5AI">.wien</a> (for <a href="/facts/Vienna/NSpIURsA">Vienna</a>, <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/.vlaanderen/8QmUNFK1">.vlaanderen</a> (<a href="http://nic.vlaanderen">.vlaanderen</a> for <a href="/facts/Flanders/JDsTRuR4">Flanders</a>)</li> <li>.yokohama</li> <li><a href="/facts/.zuerich/ElHBNYuY">.zuerich</a></li> <li>.zulu</li> <li>.москва (for Moscow)</li> <li>.ابوظبي (for <a href="/facts/Abu_Dhabi/0fXh0jQ2">Abu Dhabi</a>)</li> <li>.佛山 (for <a href="/facts/Foshan/TKscbW3o">Foshan</a>)</li> <li>.广州 (for <a href="/facts/Guangzhou/9hxfmEjq">Guangzhou</a>)</li> <li>.深圳 (for <a href="/facts/Shenzhen/B8rnXRf8">Shenzhen</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="internationalized-country-codes">Internationalized country codes</h2> <p>An <a href="/facts/Internationalized_country_code/n3uFe8I1">internationalized country code</a> is similar to a GeoTLD, with two differences: it is a domain used exclusively for a sovereign state. The other difference is that an internationalized country code is considered a <a href="/facts/CcTLD/z1edVsqQ">ccTLD</a> and not a GeoTLD. More free geographic ccTLD have been applied for and will be active in 2013. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Generic_top-level_domain/X0sNABPE">Generic top-level domain</a> (gTLD)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Country_code_top-level_domain/z1edVsqQ">Country code top-level domain</a> (ccTLD)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Internationalized_domain_name/nbaJweyM">Internationalized domain name</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.intgovforum.org/contributions_for_1st_IGF.htm">Contribution about GeoTLD at the United Nations Internet Governance Forum IGF in Athens 2006</a></li> <li><a href="http://lists.cpsr.org/lists/arc/governance/2007-06/msg00185.html">Article about GeoTLDs by former German Governmental Advisory Committee GAC member at ICANN Michael Leibrandt</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070731155544/http://sanjuan2007.icann.org/node/35">Workshop on GeoTLDs at ICANN Meeting in San Juan June 2007</a></li> <li><a href="http://public.icann.org">ICANN Public Participation Website</a></li> <li><a href="https://icannwiki.org/GeoTLD">ICANN GeoTLD wiki page</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604201126/http://www.citytld.com/literature.htm">CityTLD literature</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Discover Why .London Is A Perfect Fit For Your Business". Dot London. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="https://domains.london/" target="_blank">https://domains.london/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Promoting local digital Identities for Cities, Regions, Languages and Cultures on the Internet". GeoTLD Group AISBL. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="http://geotld.group/" target="_blank">http://geotld.group/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne". .BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="https://www.pik.bzh/" target="_blank">https://www.pik.bzh/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Help Wales Profit from the Next Major Change to the Internet..." dotCYM. Cedwir pob hawl. 2008. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161213075517/http://www.dotcym.org/home/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161213075517/http://www.dotcym.org/home/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>".eus the Basque language and culture on the Internet". PuntuEus Elkartea. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727191638/http://www.puntueus.org/en/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110727191638/http://www.puntueus.org/en/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>".gal Asociación". Asociación PuntoGal (in Galician). 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="http://asociacion.dominio.gal/" target="_blank">http://asociacion.dominio.gal/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>GmbH, dotSaarland. "dotSaarland GmbH - Das kleinste Internet Deutschlands - nic.saarland". nic.saarland. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="https://nic.saarland/" target="_blank">https://nic.saarland/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Registry for .be, .brussels and .vlaanderen". www.dnsbelgium.be. Retrieved 16 February 2019. <a href="https://www.dnsbelgium.be/" target="_blank">https://www.dnsbelgium.be/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Hope, David. "The Lunar Embassy". Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055416/http://www.lunarembassy.com/shop/en/shops.lasso?-database=aa654s5677556pr&-layout=US$_pr9981_en&-response=searchresults_en.lasso&-NoResultsError=noproducts_en.lasso&-token.trackindex=2156945&-token.affindex=&-token.rn=68509398&-token.cs=US$&-token.rs29=33&-token.rscd=LE&-token.firstlogin=&-token.skip=&-token.category=&-show" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055416/http://www.lunarembassy.com/shop/en/shops.lasso?-database=aa654s5677556pr&-layout=US$_pr9981_en&-response=searchresults_en.lasso&-NoResultsError=noproducts_en.lasso&-token.trackindex=2156945&-token.affindex=&-token.rn=68509398&-token.cs=US$&-token.rs29=33&-token.rscd=LE&-token.firstlogin=&-token.skip=&-token.category=&-show</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Reveal Day 13 June 2012 – New gTLD Applied-For Strings Archived June 15, 2012, at the Wayback Machine <a href="http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en" target="_blank">http://newgtlds.icann.org/en/program-status/application-results/strings-1200utc-13jun12-en</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>