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Scombriformes
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>Scombriformes includes the following families:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <ul><li>Suborder <a href="/facts/Stromateoidei/F3kWEnqm">Stromateoidei</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Amarsipus/LfXKeFHg">Amarsipidae</a> (amarsipa)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Medusafish/29pEqHBI">Centrolophidae</a> (medusafishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Driftfish/8V6EQS6J">Nomeidae</a> (driftfishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Squaretail/46qUehsf">Tetragonuridae</a> (squaretails)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Ariommatidae/1SHkQbzX">Ariommatidae</a> (ariommas)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Stromateidae/PnaIgvGs">Stromateidae</a> (butterfishes)</li></ul></li> <li>Suborder <a href="/facts/Scombroidei/CFbkzQ4o">Scombroidei</a> <ul><li>Family <a href="/facts/Pomatomidae/8kFdaFzP">Pomatomidae</a> (bluefishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Ragfish/8SLvhEA0">Icosteidae</a> (ragfish)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Arripis/gm5PmvsR">Arripidae</a> (Australasian salmon (kahawai))</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Chiasmodontidae/b0tMKYGk">Chiasmodontidae</a> (swallowers)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Scombridae/tQ4LAW6a">Scombridae</a> <ul><li>Subfamily <a href="/facts/Butterfly_kingfish/hxWXkka0">Gasterochismatinae</a> (butterfly kingfish)</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/facts/Scombrinae/8SoMgGR9">Scombrinae</a> (mackerels, bonitos and tunas)</li></ul></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Caristiidae/JKQh9Yev">Caristiidae</a> (manefishes)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Pomfrets/Djdshrsh">Bramidae</a> (pomfrets)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Longfin_escolar/WcplYWBG">Scombrolabracidae</a> (longfin escolar)</li> <li>Family †<a href="/facts/Euzaphlegidae/EKVQGr9l">Euzaphlegidae</a></li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Gempylidae/7l2rrr1W">Gempylidae</a> (snake mackerels)</li> <li>Family <a href="/facts/Cutlassfish/G6q6auLm">Trichiuridae</a> (cutlassfishes) <ul><li>Subfamily <a href="/facts/Aphanopodinae/G6q6auLm">Aphanopodinae</a> (frostfishes)</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/facts/Lepidopodinae/G6q6auLm">Lepidopodinae</a> (scabbardfishes)</li> <li>Subfamily <a href="/facts/Trichiurinae/G6q6auLm">Trichiurinae</a> (hairtails)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <h3>Phylogeny</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Phylogenetic/bw4rsovt">phylogenetic</a> relationships within Scombriformes are shown in this <a href="/facts/Cladogram/fWFYhUFo">cladogram</a> from Near & Thacker (2024):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Scombriformes</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Arripis/gm5PmvsR">Arripis</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td>pan‑stromateoids</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p>†<i><a href="/facts/Pinichthys/WrBg4dnC">Pinichthys</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Stromateidae/PnaIgvGs">Stromateidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Ariomma/1SHkQbzX">Ariomma</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Nomeidae/8V6EQS6J">Nomeidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Icosteus_aenigmaticus/8SLvhEA0">Icosteus aenigmaticus</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Centrolophidae/29pEqHBI">Centrolophidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td>pan‑pomatomids</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p>†<i><a href="/facts/Carangopsis/weTuDCVt">Carangopsis</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Pomatomus_saltatrix/8kFdaFzP">Pomatomus saltatrix</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Scombridae/tQ4LAW6a">Scombridae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Amarsipus_carlsbergi/LfXKeFHg">Amarsipus carlsbergi</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Tetragonurus/46qUehsf">Tetragonurus</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td>pan‑chiasmodontids</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p>†<i>Bannikovichthys</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Chiasmodontidae/b0tMKYGk">Chiasmodontidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Bramidae/Djdshrsh">Bramidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Caristiidae/JKQh9Yev">Caristiidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Scombrolabrax_heterolepis/WcplYWBG">Scombrolabrax heterolepis</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td>pan‑gempyloids</td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p>†<i>Argestichthys</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Lepidocybium_flavobrunneum/CIAsx7oh">Lepidocybium flavobrunneum</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Gempylidae/7l2rrr1W">Gempylidae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p>†<i><a href="/facts/Anenchelum/5nQrSaMD">Anenchelum</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><a href="/facts/Trichiuridae/G6q6auLm">Trichiuridae</a></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>R. Betancur-R; E. O. Wiley; G. Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Scombroidei". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 13 May 2018. <a href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151748" target="_blank">https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=151748</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Friedman, Matt; V. Andrews, James; Saad, Hadeel; El-Sayed, Sanaa (2023-06-16). "The Cretaceous–Paleogene transition in spiny-rayed fishes: surveying "Patterson's Gap" in the acanthomorph skeletal record André Dumont medalist lecture 2018". Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2023.002. ISSN 1374-8505. <a href="https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048" target="_blank">https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=7048</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W. N.; Van der Laan, R. (2025). "ESCHMEYER'S CATALOG OF FISHES: CLASSIFICATION". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2025-02-10. <a href="https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification" target="_blank">https://www.calacademy.org/eschmeyers-catalog-of-fishes-classification</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Near, T. J.; Thacker, C. E. (2024). "Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 65 (1). doi:10.3374/014.065.0101. <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/records/8352027/files/Near%26Thacker_preprint.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>