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Wilhelm scream
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The Wilhelm scream originates from a series of sound effects recorded for the 1951 movie <i><a href="/facts/Distant_Drums/Fcl7DCDr">Distant Drums</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> In a scene from the film, soldiers fleeing a <a href="/facts/Seminole/joWMK82W">Seminole</a> group are wading through a swamp in the <a href="/facts/Everglades/z73DWmu0">Everglades</a>, and one of them is bitten and dragged underwater by an <a href="/facts/American_alligator/xHStTfHT">alligator</a>. The screams for that scene, and other scenes in the movie, were recorded later in a single take. The recording was titled "Man getting bit by an alligator, and he screams." The fifth take of the scream was used for the soldier in the alligator scene.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> The 4th take would later become known as the "Wilhelm scream". It is thought to have been voiced by actor <a href="/facts/Sheb_Wooley/pN4A72SW">Sheb Wooley</a> (who also played the uncredited role of Pvt. Jessup in <i>Distant Drums</i>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>Because the costs of creating sound effects were high at that time, the scream was reused in a number of other <a href="/facts/Warner_Bros./JRF3lhQ6">Warner Bros.</a> films in that era.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Other films using the scream include <i><a href="/facts/Springfield_Rifle_(film)/ClnTkTLE">Springfield Rifle</a></i> (1952),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/The_Charge_at_Feather_River/n7RsQQPF">The Charge at Feather River</a></i> (1953),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <a href="/facts/A_Star_Is_Born_(1954_film)/Qn1PMmEp"><i>A Star Is Born</i></a> (1954),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Them!/zIa1ATMY">Them!</a></i> (1954), <i><a href="/facts/Land_of_the_Pharaohs/WHw0uhLs">Land of the Pharaohs</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/facts/The_Sea_Chase/GHowVcaE">The Sea Chase</a></i> (1955), <i><a href="/facts/Sergeant_Rutledge/NAzD1okL">Sergeant Rutledge</a></i> (1960), <i><a href="/facts/PT_109_(film)/r2FWF79F">PT 109</a></i> (1963), <i><a href="/facts/The_Wild_Bunch/YDSGvEA7">The Wild Bunch</a></i> (1969),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> and <i><a href="/facts/The_Green_Berets_(film)/fp4RHmec">The Green Berets</a></i> (1968).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>The Wilhelm scream became iconic in popular culture when motion picture sound designer <a href="/facts/Ben_Burtt/rzdIgUHr">Ben Burtt</a>, who had come across the original recording on a studio archive sound reel, incorporated it into the scene in <i><a href="/facts/Star_Wars_(film)/J4eECtTN">Star Wars</a></i> (1977) in which <a href="/facts/Luke_Skywalker/tSQLrLf2">Luke Skywalker</a> shoots a <a href="/facts/Stormtrooper_(Star_Wars)/urjPsbh0">Stormtrooper</a> off a ledge. The effect is heard as the Stormtrooper is falling.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Burtt named the scream after Pvt. Wilhelm, a minor character from <i>The Charge at Feather River</i> who appears to emit the scream, and adopted it as his personal sound signature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Burtt also found use for the effect in <i><a href="/facts/More_American_Graffiti/4pad9uUS">More American Graffiti</a></i> (1979); and over the next decades he incorporated it into other films that he worked on, such as <i><a href="/facts/Willow_(1988_film)/Kqvfd4Ha">Willow</a></i> (1988),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Gremlins/YSBIUJol">Gremlins</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Anchorman%3a_The_Legend_of_Ron_Burgundy/BJcl5uDR">Anchorman</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Die_Hard_with_a_Vengeance/bcB4lk0u">Die Hard with a Vengeance</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Lethal_Weapon_4/2HvLTp0j">Lethal Weapon 4</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/The_Fifth_Element/stAYKGzF">The Fifth Element</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> and several <a href="/facts/George_Lucas/1bLspXbj">George Lucas</a> and <a href="/facts/Steven_Spielberg/KeqLPKoS">Steven Spielberg</a> films. Notably, the rest of the <i><a href="/facts/Star_Wars/9Y5j3IPP">Star Wars</a></i> films made under Lucas<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> and all the <i><a href="/facts/Indiana_Jones/9p8H8HPn">Indiana Jones</a></i> movies included the effect.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p><p>Following its use in <i>Star Wars</i>, other sound designers have picked up and used the sound effect in works. Inclusion of the sound in films became a tradition among a certain community of sound designers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/National_Science_and_Media_Museum/Q69MmJ0b">National Science and Media Museum</a> said that the Wilhelm scream had been featured in more than 400 films as of 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p><p>As of mid-2023, the scream had not been made available in any commercial sound effects library.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> The entire collection of original sources of the sound effects made by Sunset Editorial, which includes the Wilhelm scream, was donated to the <a href="/facts/USC_School_of_Cinematic_Arts/6MlTCA9l">USC School of Cinematic Arts</a> in 1990.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> In 2023, Craig Smith released a copy of the complete recording from the original session on <a href="/facts/Freesound/SVTRIJ6B">Freesound</a> on behalf of the USC under the <a href="/facts/CC0/6AV3V7UJ">CC0</a> license, along with the rest of Sunset Editorial sound effects.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> On May 20, 2023, the entire collection of Sunset Editorial SFX was mirrored in the <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Internet Archive</a> (also under the CC0 license) for the purpose of enabling a wider distribution, especially thanks to its <a href="/facts/BitTorrent/HP9ChWWW">BitTorrent</a> support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> </p> <h3>Voice of the scream</h3> <p>There is no definitive information identifying the original performer of the scream. However, research by Ben Burtt suggested that Sheb Wooley, best known for his 1958 novelty song "<a href="/facts/The_Purple_People_Eater/TvDkF7uu">The Purple People Eater</a>" and his character of American Indian scout Pete Nolan on the television series <i><a href="/facts/Rawhide_(TV_series)/ryqWDWWb">Rawhide</a></i>, is likely to have been the voice actor who originally performed the scream. Wooley's widow, Linda Dotson, supported the view that it was Wooley's voice in a 2005 interview.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> Burtt discovered records at Warner Bros. from the editor of <i>Distant Drums</i>, including a short list of names of actors scheduled to record lines of dialogue for miscellaneous roles in the movie. Wooley was one of a few actors assembled for the recording of additional "pick-up" vocal elements for the film. Dotson confirmed Wooley's scream had been in many Westerns, adding that he "always used to joke about how he was so great about screaming and dying in films".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_filmmakers%2527_signatures/nlhxWYGk">List of filmmakers' signatures</a></li></ul> <h2 id="explanatory-notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/WilhelmScreamSample">Wilhelm Scream Sample (1951)</a> from The <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Community Audio collection</a> at the Internet Archive</li> <li><a href="https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?keywords=wilhelm-scream">List of "Wilhelm Scream" Titles</a> at IMDb.com</li> <li>Wilhelm Scream remastered files (free to use)</li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvmgHyPeAXI">Wilhelm Scream Compilation</a> on YouTube.com; 14:06</li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BM_-TOMwMCA">Female Wilhelm Scream</a> on YouTube; 0:04</li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU">CBS This Morning: <i>An iconic Hollywood sound effect called the Wilhelm scream was uncovered in an archive</i> June 25, 2023</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Lee, James (September 25, 2007). "Cue the Scream: Meet Hollywood's Go-To Shriek". Wired. Vol. 15, no. 10. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Malvern, Jack (May 21, 2005). "Aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh!! (Paywalled)". The Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2009. <a href="https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv" target="_blank">https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Malvern, Jack (May 21, 2005). "Aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh!! (Paywalled)". The Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2009. <a href="https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv" target="_blank">https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Lee, Steve (May 17, 2005). Burtt, Ben; Anderson, Richard; Mitchell, Rick; Rydstrom, Gary; Schulkey, Curt; Boyes, Chris; Whittaker, David; Stone, David; Kovats, Phil; Fein, David; Linke, Chris; Malvern, Jack; Dotson-Wooley, Linda (eds.). "The Wilhelm Scream". Hollywood Lost and Found. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>The fourth, fifth, and sixth screams recorded in the session were used earlier in the film, reportedly when several Native Americans are shot during a raid on a U.S. Army fort. <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" target="_blank">/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Times article in which Sheb Wooley's widow states her belief that her husband was the man behind the scream". Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017125348/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191017125348/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>An iconic Hollywood sound effect called the Wilhelm scream was uncovered in an archive. CBS News. June 28, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Wilhelm Scream: The History of Film's Most Popular Sound Effect". February 15, 2023. <a href="https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/" target="_blank">https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Origin of iconic sound effect you've probably heard that has appeared in over 400 films". July 26, 2024. <a href="https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/film/wilhelm-scream-sound-effect-origin-explained-film-384254-20240726" target="_blank">https://www.ladbible.com/entertainment/film/wilhelm-scream-sound-effect-origin-explained-film-384254-20240726</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"- YouTube". YouTube. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp_tMV9YoU" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mp_tMV9YoU</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Valjak, Domagoj (April 23, 2018). "The origin of the Wilhelm scream, the most famous sound effect in the history of cinema". The Vintage News. Retrieved August 24, 2018. <a href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/04/23/wilhelm-scream/" target="_blank">https://www.thevintagenews.com/2018/04/23/wilhelm-scream/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Lee, Steve (May 17, 2005). Burtt, Ben; Anderson, Richard; Mitchell, Rick; Rydstrom, Gary; Schulkey, Curt; Boyes, Chris; Whittaker, David; Stone, David; Kovats, Phil; Fein, David; Linke, Chris; Malvern, Jack; Dotson-Wooley, Linda (eds.). "The Wilhelm Scream". Hollywood Lost and Found. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Facts about "The Wild Bunch" (p3) : Classic Movie Hub (CMH)". Classic Movie Hub - CMH. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2023. <a href="https://www.classicmoviehub.com/facts-and-trivia/film/the-wild-bunch-1969/page/3/" target="_blank">https://www.classicmoviehub.com/facts-and-trivia/film/the-wild-bunch-1969/page/3/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Lee, Steve (May 17, 2005). Burtt, Ben; Anderson, Richard; Mitchell, Rick; Rydstrom, Gary; Schulkey, Curt; Boyes, Chris; Whittaker, David; Stone, David; Kovats, Phil; Fein, David; Linke, Chris; Malvern, Jack; Dotson-Wooley, Linda (eds.). "The Wilhelm Scream". Hollywood Lost and Found. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Lee, James (September 25, 2007). "Cue the Scream: Meet Hollywood's Go-To Shriek". Wired. Vol. 15, no. 10. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Rinzler, J. W. (2010). The Sounds of Star Wars. San Francisco: Simon & Schuster. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-8118-7546-2. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2020. <a href="978-0-8118-7546-2" target="_blank">978-0-8118-7546-2</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Lee, Steve (May 17, 2005). Burtt, Ben; Anderson, Richard; Mitchell, Rick; Rydstrom, Gary; Schulkey, Curt; Boyes, Chris; Whittaker, David; Stone, David; Kovats, Phil; Fein, David; Linke, Chris; Malvern, Jack; Dotson-Wooley, Linda (eds.). "The Wilhelm Scream". Hollywood Lost and Found. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Lee, Steve (May 17, 2005). Burtt, Ben; Anderson, Richard; Mitchell, Rick; Rydstrom, Gary; Schulkey, Curt; Boyes, Chris; Whittaker, David; Stone, David; Kovats, Phil; Fein, David; Linke, Chris; Malvern, Jack; Dotson-Wooley, Linda (eds.). "The Wilhelm Scream". Hollywood Lost and Found. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.hollywoodlostandfound.net/wilhelm/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>An iconic Hollywood sound effect called the Wilhelm scream was uncovered in an archive. CBS News. June 28, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Fm39bUqjqU</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Lee, James (September 25, 2007). "Cue the Scream: Meet Hollywood's Go-To Shriek". Wired. Vol. 15, no. 10. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Does That Scream Sound Familiar?". ABC News. October 14, 2007. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Lee, James (September 25, 2007). "Cue the Scream: Meet Hollywood's Go-To Shriek". Wired. Vol. 15, no. 10. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/entertainment/hollywood/magazine/15-10/st_scream</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>It was announced in February 2018 that the Star Wars franchise would no longer use the Wilhelm scream, with The Force Awakens (2015) being the last film in the series to use it.[13][14] <a href="/wiki/The_Force_Awakens" target="_blank">/wiki/The_Force_Awakens</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Wilhelm". On the Media (Podcast). WNYC Studios. December 30, 2005. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved November 13, 2015. <a href="https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/128898-wilhelm" target="_blank">https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/128898-wilhelm</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Dudley, Joshua (June 22, 2023). "The Wilhelm Scream: The History of Film's Most Popular Sound Effect". Backstage. <a href="https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/" target="_blank">https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/wilhelm-scream-explained-75982/</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Does That Scream Sound Familiar?". ABC News. October 14, 2007. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Smith, Craig (March 10, 2023). "Preserving the Sunset Editorial Sound Effects Library from the USC Archive". Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 8, 2023. <a href="https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515" target="_blank">https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Smith, Craig (March 10, 2023). "Preserving the Sunset Editorial Sound Effects Library from the USC Archive". Archived from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 8, 2023. <a href="https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515" target="_blank">https://blog.freesound.org/?p=1515</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Scott, Jason (May 20, 2023). "CRASH! BARK! BOOM! The USC Sound Effects Library". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on May 31, 2023. <a href="/wiki/Jason_Scott" target="_blank">/wiki/Jason_Scott</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"Times article in which Sheb Wooley's widow states her belief that her husband was the man behind the scream". Archived from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017125348/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20191017125348/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Malvern, Jack (May 21, 2005). "Aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh!! (Paywalled)". The Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2009. <a href="https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv" target="_blank">https://www.thetimes.com/culture/tv-radio/article/aaaaaaaarrrrrrrrgggggghhh-v62r36ldbvv</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Does That Scream Sound Familiar?". ABC News. October 14, 2007. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1" target="_blank">https://abcnews.go.com/WN/story?id=3728693&page=1</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>