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Enthalpy of sublimation
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<h2 id="sublimation-enthalpies">Sublimation enthalpies</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>symbol</th><th>substances</th><th>Sublimation enthalpy (kJ/mol)</th></tr><tr><td>Li</td><td><a href="/facts/Lithium/7vXX6BWA">lithium</a></td><td>159<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Na</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium/eYuSPu2V">sodium</a></td><td>107<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>K</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium/FWPwS7Rj">potassium</a></td><td>89<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Rb</td><td><a href="/facts/Rubidium/KDHSe2HM">rubidium</a></td><td>81<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Cs</td><td><a href="/facts/Caesium/dXKN1S5k">caesium</a></td><td>76<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Mg</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium/XyIhd2FG">magnesium</a></td><td>148<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ca</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium/hf252CC0">calcium</a></td><td>178<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Sr</td><td><a href="/facts/Strontium/ABaA5qQK">strontium</a></td><td>164<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ba</td><td><a href="/facts/Barium/IkL09XHQ">barium</a></td><td>180<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Fe</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron/QK1JYy8E">iron</a></td><td>416<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ni</td><td><a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a></td><td>430<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Cu</td><td><a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a></td><td>338<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Zn</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a></td><td>131<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Ag</td><td><a href="/facts/Silver/xXe41BGg">silver</a></td><td>285<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>W</td><td><a href="/facts/Tungsten/WYwbNDYX">tungsten</a></td><td>849<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Au</td><td><a href="/facts/Gold/1znknojp">gold</a></td><td>366<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td><a href="/facts/Graphite/sSf3KMXr">graphite</a></td><td>717<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>C</td><td><a href="/facts/Diamond/IBUdnd1y">diamond</a></td><td>715<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Si</td><td><a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">silicon</a></td><td>456<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Sn</td><td><a href="/facts/Tin/obW9mqc3">tin</a></td><td>302<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Pb</td><td><a href="/facts/Lead/EYljasJN">lead</a></td><td>195<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>Fm</td><td><a href="/facts/Fermium/Us3rnvG5">fermium</a></td><td>141<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>I2</td><td><a href="/facts/Iodine/JlfMecMf">iodine</a></td><td>62.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>C10H8</td><td><a href="/facts/Naphthalene/RU2sV8mN">naphthalene</a></td><td>72.9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>CO2</td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a></td><td>25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td>H2O</td><td><a href="/facts/Water/0lkXnJPK">water</a></td><td>51.1</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Heat/FjDGssCs">Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sublimation_(chemistry)/KDoKokMn">Sublimation (chemistry)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Phase_transition/eLP2BY8R">Phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Clausius-Clapeyron_equation/Lo9SfNqM">Clausius-Clapeyron equation</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).Principles of Modern Chemistry, Brooks Cole. Appendix D. ISBN 978-1305079113 <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Haire, Richard G.; Gibson, John K. "The enthalpy of sublimation and thermodynamic functions of fermium". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 91: 7085–7096. doi:10.1063/1.457326. <a href="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/91/11/7085/95919/The-enthalpy-of-sublimation-and-thermodynamic" target="_blank">https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/91/11/7085/95919/The-enthalpy-of-sublimation-and-thermodynamic</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689. <a href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333" target="_blank">http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689. <a href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333" target="_blank">http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Chickos, James S.; Acree, William E. (2002). "Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 31 (2): 537–698. doi:10.1063/1.1475333. ISSN 0047-2689. <a href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333" target="_blank">http://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.1475333</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>