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Emergency text messaging services
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>The technology allows an individual that requires emergency assistance may text an emergency number as opposed to calling it. Emergency services are conventionally reached through voice-based calls dialling an <a href="/facts/Emergency_telephone_number/jKDLAklu">emergency telephone number</a>. However, such systems assume that the caller is able to communicate by voice and may exclude the <a href="/facts/Disability/vr9BPUxo">impaired</a>. It is generally presented as an alternative, and not as a replacement, to calling (which is still preferred.)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Texting to emergency services present themselves as a viable alternative if the individual is disabled, in a situation where speaking out loud would compromise the caller's safety, where speaking would impede help, or where <a href="/facts/Network_coverage/aCogHsR7">network coverage</a> is limited, as text messages take up less data.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Some services require prior registration (such as in Singapore and the United Kingdom, <i>see below</i>), some are strictly for the medically impaired, while most are available for usage by the public-at-large as necessary. </p> <h2 id="adoption">Adoption</h2> <h3>Australia</h3> <p>Unlike 911 used in the United States, <a href="/facts/Australia/qLHpbppq">Australia</a> uses <a href="/facts/000_(emergency_telephone_number)/NqoKfss0">triple zero</a> as its emergency number. As of November 22nd 2023, contacting emergency services through texting 000 is not currently possible. However, for individuals with hearing or speech impairment, 106 remains the only option, as it is accessed via a <a href="/facts/Teletypewriter/pn5SQKTf">teletypewriter</a> (TTY.)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h3>Canada</h3> <p>Texting to emergency services is adopted in <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a> in the form of T9-1-1, however it is not as mature or accessible as the systems found elsewhere. The system is strictly for used by the 'deaf, deafened, hard of hearing, or speech impaired persons' and is not available for the general public. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Furthermore, a voice call to 911 must be made to initiate the text connection and cannot be contacted simply by texting to 911. It also requires registration and a valid messaging plan. It is also noted that coverage is not as extensive compared to other nations, and the <a href="/facts/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police/yUUrtrGr">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> discourages its usage unless medically necessary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h3>France</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">France</a>, there is a separate phone number for the deaf and hearing impaired, 114. It is separate from the phone numbers 15, 17, 18 or 112. Through this service, individuals can contact emergency services through text and an application. However, it is not strictly restricted to disabled individuals and there is no registration process; the Deputy Director stated that it is for 'anyone... even temporarily.'<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h3>Singapore</h3> <p>In <a href="/facts/Singapore/CQDkhUvD">Singapore</a>, a joint initiative called the '<i>Emergency Short Message Service Helpline Services</i>' allows for texting (via SMS) to reach emergency services. There are two numbers for contacting emergency services through SMS, they are 70999 (<a href="/facts/Singapore_Police_Force/2yGFtr5J">Singapore Police Force</a>) and 70996 (<a href="/facts/Singapore_Civil_Defence_Force/C49xxYHn">Singapore Civil Defence Force</a>.) However, unlike other emergency texting services, it is only available for professionally diagnosed persons with hearing loss and/or speech difficulties and requires registration for usage through organisations such as SG Enable, <a href="/facts/Singapore_Association_for_the_Deaf/1mm8YreA">Singapore Association for the Deaf</a>, or TOUCH Community Services.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p> <h3>United Kingdom</h3> <p>Texting emergency services in <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">Britain</a> is offered by Relay UK.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> through a service called emergencySMS (eSMS).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Similar to the system in Singapore, individuals must register beforehand to use the service; however it is done in the UK by texting 'register' to 999 instead of contacting a separate association. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> It was first proposed as an <a href="/facts/Early_day_motion/D31R1xTe">early day motion</a> (EDM) in <a href="/facts/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom/7bFbPI9g">Parliament</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> and implemented in the United Kingdom in 2009 for impaired individuals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h3>United States</h3> <p>In the United States, the technology is referred to as Text-to-911. The <a href="/facts/Federal_Communications_Commission/Ueghz8W0">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) maintains a registry of areas supporting text-to-911. All carriers are required to send bounce-back messages to inform the sender that the message could not be received if the technology is not supported by the local call centre.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Text-to-911 has been supported by the four major cellular providers in the United States since 2014,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> but as of August 2024<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emergency_text_messaging_services&action=edit">[update]</a>, it is only supported by approximately 54% of the country's more than 6,000 <a href="/facts/Emergency_telephone_number/jKDLAklu">emergency call centres</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> However, in many areas that do not support text-to-911, the message will be directed to a statewide response centre. The <a href="/facts/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)/MwNSGhlE">National Association of the Deaf</a> and AccesSOS maintain a map of counties providing text-to-911.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> </p><p>In August 2009, <a href="/facts/Waterloo,_Iowa/N6fobLtD">Waterloo, Iowa</a>, was the first county to begin receiving texts to 911.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h4>Challenges for widespread implementation in the US</h4> <p>Call centres in the United States are usually funded by both state and federal funding, therefore limited funding and outdated technology have slowed the widespread adoption of text-to-911.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Moreover, many communities are concerned about overuse of texting, which may slow response times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> This leads to decreased local allocation of resources and funding as it is not conclusive whether text-to-911 is effective to invest in, thereby relying on federal funding which may be slower. </p> <h4>Availability by state or territory</h4> <p>Below is the list of individual states and territories of the <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States of America</a>, sorted by alphabetical order, and their implementation of Text-to-911 (as of July 2024):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>State</th><th>Two Letter Code</th><th>Supporting Text to 911</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Alabama/1Xk8EveN">Alabama</a></td><td>AL</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Alaska/LlDNr2uR">Alaska</a></td><td>AK</td><td>Partial</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Arizona/6ayM3swJ">Arizona</a></td><td>AZ</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Arkansas/Qun124UP">Arkansas</a></td><td>AR</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/American_Samoa/mpcHoegY">American Samoa</a></td><td>AS</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a></td><td>CA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Colorado/IgIHrJI5">Colorado</a></td><td>CO</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Connecticut/LeDhYdJG">Connecticut</a></td><td>CT</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Delaware/4n4I3Rhu">Delaware</a></td><td>DE</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Washington,_D.C./enXPK156">District of Columbia</a></td><td>DC</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a></td><td>FL</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Georgia_(U.S._state)/KKnTDY6F">Georgia</a></td><td>GA</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Guam/z77Ql3fM">Guam</a></td><td>GU</td><td>Yes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hawaii/ImxFefeK">Hawaii</a></td><td>HI</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Idaho/68ELs9Um">Idaho</a></td><td>ID</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Illinois/MuPb1Ctn">Illinois</a></td><td>IL</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Indiana/VRnvjXoQ">Indiana</a></td><td>IN</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Iowa/taAwUvKE">Iowa</a></td><td>IA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kansas/koenIXmE">Kansas</a></td><td>KS</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kentucky/DaTW05Rt">Kentucky</a></td><td>KY</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Louisiana/2GvfFcKE">Louisiana</a></td><td>LA</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Maine/7ww4UY8B">Maine</a></td><td>ME</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Maryland/tVy9fC1n">Maryland</a></td><td>MD</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Massachusetts/9uumCbFI">Massachusetts</a></td><td>MA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Michigan/bCurmfT2">Michigan</a></td><td>MI</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Minnesota/ncgVuC4Q">Minnesota</a></td><td>MN</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mississippi/7KwuWxxT">Mississippi</a></td><td>MS</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Missouri/wQ3VAb99">Missouri</a></td><td>MO</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Montana/jPFKMuK5">Montana</a></td><td>MT</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nebraska/g9hHfRFU">Nebraska</a></td><td>NE</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nevada/HNWhCrQv">Nevada</a></td><td>NV</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/New_Hampshire/DljxSg3H">New Hampshire</a></td><td>NH</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/New_Jersey/pI5k19S7">New Jersey</a></td><td>NJ</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/New_Mexico/wosJCGaW">New Mexico</a></td><td>NM</td><td>No<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/New_York_(state)/mnl67G1G">New York</a></td><td>NY</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/North_Carolina/VhKNTULI">North Carolina</a></td><td>NC</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/North_Dakota/9aNh8gAf">North Dakota</a></td><td>ND</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Northern_Mariana_Islands/Tb6CPrao">Northern Mariana Islands</a></td><td>MP</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ohio/YutCnTlh">Ohio</a></td><td>OH</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Oklahoma/fK28L1a4">Oklahoma</a></td><td>OK</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Oregon/4Uq446Ko">Oregon</a></td><td>OR</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Pennsylvania/HGqC5bBm">Pennsylvania</a></td><td>PA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Puerto_Rico/jVStMyG4">Puerto Rico</a></td><td>PR</td><td>Yes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Rhode_Island/WgrYmlzj">Rhode Island</a></td><td>RI</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/South_Carolina/lQQX84IS">South Carolina</a></td><td>SC</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/South_Dakota/R51Fbf1t">South Dakota</a></td><td>SD</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Tennessee/A3mLY9bu">Tennessee</a></td><td>TN</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Texas/B987WHF0">Texas</a></td><td>TX</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Utah/te7zUyBX">Utah</a></td><td>UT</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Vermont/dcj3usCm">Vermont</a></td><td>VT</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Virginia/g2kucGdn">Virginia</a></td><td>VA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/U.S._Virgin_Islands/VwDBzBGT">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></td><td>VI</td><td>Partial</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Washington_(state)/7tCrTFnN">Washington (state)</a></td><td>WA</td><td>Statewide<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/West_Virginia/USP8LtCq">West Virginia</a></td><td>WV</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Wisconsin/XvyqH6vN">Wisconsin</a></td><td>WI</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Wyoming/kuKmWryL">Wyoming</a></td><td>WY</td><td>Partial<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/3-1-1/kEUfaTYY">311</a>, the non-emergency number in North America.</li> <li><a href="/facts/911_Tapping_Protocol/kbpbbXLy">911 Tapping Protocol</a>, a New York City initiative to provide viable alternatives to voice-based emergency calls for the impaired.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Emergency_medical_dispatcher/XhGxLLtY">Emergency medical dispatcher</a>, a professional tele-communicator tasked with organising responses for medical emergencies</li> <li><a href="/facts/Enhanced_911/5Uz1sT28">Enhanced 911</a>, a system in the United States that provides location data for call operators to locate the caller.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Next_Generation_9-1-1/SglQre04">Next Generation 9-1-1</a>, a project to modernise the 911 system in the United States</li> <li><a href="/facts/Reverse_911/1wVWEoNr">Reverse 911</a>, a protocol used in North America to inform individuals in a geographic area by public safety organisations.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.fcc.gov/file/12285/download">FCC registry of areas that support Text-to-9-1-1 services</a> (Microsoft Excel format)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Tsukayama, Hayley. "What you need to know about texting 911". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-03-10. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/05/15/what-you-need-to-know-about-texting-911/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/05/15/what-you-need-to-know-about-texting-911/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Too dangerous to talk? Some cities explore 911 texting". AP NEWS. 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2020-03-10. <a href="https://apnews.com/03aa9a33df3a4de1afcfdcb03ca40400" target="_blank">https://apnews.com/03aa9a33df3a4de1afcfdcb03ca40400</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Text-to-911 is here, but it isn't everything you might think". CNET. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/text-to-911-is-here-but-it-isnt-everything-you-might-think/" target="_blank">https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/text-to-911-is-here-but-it-isnt-everything-you-might-think/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Text to 911". San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District. Retrieved 13 Jul 2024. <a href="https://www.firedepartment.org/our-district/emergency-communications-technology/text-to-911" target="_blank">https://www.firedepartment.org/our-district/emergency-communications-technology/text-to-911</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Text to 911 Services". Weld County. pp. 'When should I use Text-to-911 services?'. Retrieved 13 Jul 2024. <a href="https://www.weld.gov/Government/Departments/Public-Safety-Communications/Text-to-911-Services" target="_blank">https://www.weld.gov/Government/Departments/Public-Safety-Communications/Text-to-911-Services</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Joel (2019-05-03). "Calling Triple Zero (000)". AMTA | The Voice of the Australian Mobile Telecommunications Industry. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://amta.org.au/calling-triple-zero-from-your-mobile/" target="_blank">https://amta.org.au/calling-triple-zero-from-your-mobile/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Frequently Asked Questions (Text with 9-1-1)". textwith911.ca. Retrieved 12 Jul 2024. <a href="https://www.textwith911.ca/en/faqs/#a3" target="_blank">https://www.textwith911.ca/en/faqs/#a3</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Government of Canada, RCMP (2008-10-07). "BC RCMP - RCMP cautions against using text messaging for emergencies". bc-cb.rcmp-grc.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://bc-cb.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=2073&languageId=1&contentId=6533" target="_blank">https://bc-cb.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=2073&languageId=1&contentId=6533</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Thompson, Hannah (2024-02-09). "114 emergency number helps if you cannot communicate easily in France". www.connexionfrance.com. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/114-emergency-number-helps-if-you-cannot-communicate-easily-in-france/626154" target="_blank">https://www.connexionfrance.com/news/114-emergency-number-helps-if-you-cannot-communicate-easily-in-france/626154</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Emergency Short Messaging Service (SMS) Helpline Services - A joint initiative by the Singapore Police Force, the Singapore Civil Defence Force and the National Council of Social Service" (PDF). scdf.gov.sg. Retrieved 12 Jul 2024. <a href="https://www.scdf.gov.sg/docs/default-source/scdf-library/smshelplinev7brochure.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.scdf.gov.sg/docs/default-source/scdf-library/smshelplinev7brochure.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Contact 999 using Relay UK". relayuk.bt.com. 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Retrieved 7 September 2024. <a href="https://www.tn.gov/commerce/e911/district-resources/text-to-911.html" target="_blank">https://www.tn.gov/commerce/e911/district-resources/text-to-911.html</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>Text to 9-1-1 FAQs, Texas Commission on State Emergency Communications. Retrieved 7 September 2024. <a href="https://csec.app.box.com/s/k4ravu3epk59xewhw15f98hvdaq3dtej" target="_blank">https://csec.app.box.com/s/k4ravu3epk59xewhw15f98hvdaq3dtej</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>Text to 911, Utah Communications Authority. Retrieved 7 September 2024. <a href="https://www.uca911.org/Text-911" target="_blank">https://www.uca911.org/Text-911</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>Text-to-911, State of Vermont Enhanced 911 Board. 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Retrieved 7 September 2024. <a href="https://mil.wa.gov/texting911" target="_blank">https://mil.wa.gov/texting911</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>Annual Collection of Information Related to the Collection and Use of 911 and E911 Fees by States and Other Jurisdictions: West Virginia, Federal Communications Commission, 2021. <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/file/22272/download" target="_blank">https://www.fcc.gov/file/22272/download</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:74"><p>Annual Collection of Information Related to the Collection and Use of 911 and E911 Fees by States and Other Jurisdictions: Wisconsin, Federal Communications Commission, 2021. <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/file/22273/download" target="_blank">https://www.fcc.gov/file/22273/download</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:75"><p>Next Generation 911 (NG911), Public Safety Communications Commission, Wyoming Department of Transportation. 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