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CCGS Labrador
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p>The builder used modified plans from the just-completed <a href="/facts/Wind-class_icebreaker/rAmBjX88">Wind-class</a> icebreakers of the <a href="/facts/United_States_Coast_Guard/6d7SWTP9">United States Coast Guard</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> The ship was modified to include then state-of-the-art technology, becoming the first Royal Canadian Navy vessel to have central heating and ventilation, air conditioning and bunks instead of hammocks. The ship's <a href="/facts/Hull_(watercraft)/hY6LxATt">hull</a> was plated in rolled, high tensile steel 1+5⁄8 inches (41 mm) thick.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>The ship had a <a href="/facts/Displacement_(ship)/19jbfNuM">displacement</a> of 6,490 long tons (6,590 t) and a tonnage of 3,823 <a href="/facts/Gross_register_tonnage/26nHHmCm">gross register tons</a> (GRT).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The vessel measured 82 metres (269 ft 0 in) <a href="/facts/Long_overall/SF12ag0c">long overall</a> and 76.2 metres (250 ft 0 in) <a href="/facts/Between_perpendiculars/KDMjnU3e">between perpendiculars</a> with a <a href="/facts/Beam_(nautical)/kG7egDLm">beam</a> of 19.5 metres (64 ft 0 in) and a <a href="/facts/Draft_(hull)/MHGIRjC0">draught</a> of 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p><i>Labrador</i> was equipped with Denny Brown <a href="/facts/Anti-rolling_gyro/oTwztxrt">gyro stabilizers</a>, and full <a href="/facts/Bridge_(nautical)/976E5bHV">bridge</a> control of the vessel's <a href="/facts/Diesel_engine/9B9opxvA">diesel engines</a>. <i>Labrador</i> was the RCN's first fully <a href="/facts/Diesel-electric/0AKK4nsE">diesel-electric</a> vessel, with six 2,000 <a href="/facts/Horsepower/jRMwmIxA">horsepower</a> (1,500 kW) engine/generators driving a 5,000 <a href="/facts/Horsepower/jRMwmIxA">shaft horsepower</a> (3,700 kW) motor on each <a href="/facts/Propeller/0IN0JKXC">shaft</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The vessel had a maximum speed of 16 <a href="/facts/Knot_(unit)/Sho0TF2y">knots</a> (30 km/h; 18 mph) <i>Labrador</i> was equipped with starboard and port <a href="/facts/Heeling_(sailing)/QsXNsSLR">heeling tanks</a> with 40,000 gallons per minute transfer capability, which facilitated icebreaking operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The ship was equipped with a <a href="/facts/Hangar/bRBnDpfx">hangar</a> and <a href="/facts/Flight_deck/6TX3sG3c">flight deck</a> capable of operating two <a href="/facts/Bell_47/kyRE9buJ">Bell HTL 4</a> light helicopters or a <a href="/facts/Piasecki_HUP_Retriever/8blb5cz9">Piasecki HUP II</a> transport helicopter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The icebreaker had a <a href="/facts/Ship%27s_company/0WkqapPV">complement</a> of 228.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="service-history">Service history</h2> <p>Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the Canadian government made limited exploration within the vast Arctic coast it laid claim to, largely because it lacked the capacity to make forays into much of this remote terrain. <i>Labrador</i> was conceived as Canada's first modern, powerful icebreaking vessel, which could help meet national defence needs in the high Arctic but also explore the vast area and its rich resources. </p><p>Ordered in February 1949, <i>Labrador</i> was built in the <a href="/facts/Marine_Industries/ya935rfs">Marine Industries</a> LTD yards at <a href="/facts/Sorel,_Quebec/zP3XSPfj">Sorel, Quebec</a> with the <a href="/facts/Yard_number/b2XlMKqN">yard number</a> 187.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The vessel was <a href="/facts/Laid_down/0GjIvoG1">laid down</a> on 18 November 1949 and <a href="/facts/Ceremonial_ship_launching/kFSJFllx">launched</a> on 14 December 1951, christened by Jeanne St. Laurent, the wife of Prime Minister <a href="/facts/Louis_St._Laurent/ethccWs4">Louis St. Laurent</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> The ship was commissioned on 8 July 1954.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> On 10 July 1954 <i>Labrador</i> departed Sorel, Quebec, en route to her new homeport in <a href="/facts/Dartmouth,_Nova_Scotia/njDJYNAc">Dartmouth, Nova Scotia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Whilst underway the vessel experienced engine troubles (lowered oil pressure), between Sorel and <a href="/facts/Quebec_City/l8pftRQK">Quebec City</a>, Quebec. Further difficulty was experienced in the <a href="/facts/Richelieu_River/BTpPbQmk">Richelieu River</a>, where she developed steering gear problems which were fixed. <i>Labrador</i> arrived at Halifax on 14 July 1954.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h3>Royal Canadian Navy service</h3> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Northwest_Passage/Y0CrHCfL">Northwest Passage</a></p> <p><i>Labrador</i> set sail on her maiden voyage on 23 July 1954 from Halifax, bound for the <a href="/facts/Labrador_Sea/lVMcHdw9">Labrador Sea</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Over the next summer the vessel worked her way through Canada's <a href="/facts/Arctic_archipelago/M9FjXPrc">Arctic archipelago</a> from east to west, conducting <a href="/facts/Hydrography/FP9yHxSv">hydrographic</a> soundings, resupplying <a href="/facts/RCMP/yUUrtrGr">RCMP</a> outposts and deploying assorted scientific and geological teams.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Her rendezvous with her American <a href="/facts/Sister_ship/yACmRjhd">sister ships</a> <a href="/facts/USCGC_Northwind_(WAGB-282)/hd7YVWLn">USCGC <i>Northwind</i></a> and <a href="/facts/USCGC_Burton_Island/N37YQsbB">USCGC <i>Burton Island</i></a> off the coast of <a href="/facts/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)/eNw8kuAW">Melville Island</a> on 25 August 1954 marked the first time American and Canadian government ships had met in the Arctic from the east and west. <i>Labrador</i> had been sent to escort the American vessels through Canadian waters. The voyage had been kept secret, in case <i>Labrador</i> broke down. The three ships surveyed the <a href="/facts/Beaufort_Sea/EfLMrW3H">Beaufort Sea</a> together until the end of September 1954, at which point <i>Labrador</i> headed for the base of Canada's Pacific fleet at <a href="/facts/Esquimalt/Y9egW7pb">Esquimalt</a>, British Columbia, arriving on 27 September. <i>Labrador</i> became the first warship to transit the <a href="/facts/Northwest_Passage/Y0CrHCfL">Northwest Passage</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> Upon sailing down the west coast of the United States, through the <a href="/facts/Panama_Canal/Tau1ccDe">Panama Canal</a> and back to Halifax on 21 November 1954; <i>Labrador</i> also became the first warship to circumnavigate North America in a single voyage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <p>In January 1955 <i>Labrador</i> underwent refit. The remainder of <i>Labrador</i>'s early career involved considerable work on the <a href="/facts/Distant_Early_Warning_Line/aVyaXqq6">Distant Early Warning Line</a> (DEW Line) project. Beginning in June 1955, <i>Labrador</i> was sent to survey sites for the project. In August, <i>Labrador</i> escorted a 60-ship <a href="/facts/Convoy/03yMx0P1">convoy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> In 1956, the icebreaker spent five and a half months performing <a href="/facts/Hydrographic_survey/vf6kyGPc">hydrographic surveys</a> in the eastern Arctic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> In 1957, the ship made port visits to <a href="/facts/Portsmouth/JxMGK6jC">Portsmouth</a>, England, <a href="/facts/Oslo/PRJtFYUl">Oslo</a>, Norway and <a href="/facts/Copenhagen/58Tl28IX">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> <i>Labrador</i> was <a href="/facts/Ship_decommissioning/aPxGm7yB">decommissioned</a> on 22 November 1957 and transferred to civilian control in 1958.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> This was done with the condition that should the Royal Canadian Navy wish to take the ship back, they could.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> The decision was due to financial cutbacks a change of direction of the Royal Canadian Navy, with an intent to focus on <a href="/facts/Anti-submarine_warfare/dW89ebRA">anti-submarine warfare</a> rather than Arctic research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a> </p> <h3>Civilian service</h3> <p>On entering civilian service, the icebreaker operated within the <a href="/facts/Department_of_Transport_(Canada)/l08qr5fn">Department of Transport</a> (DOT) during the four years before the <a href="/facts/Canadian_Coast_Guard/cWkgK8Qn">Canadian Coast Guard</a> (CCG) was formally established. From 1958 until 1977, <i>Labrador</i> deployed to the Arctic every year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> In 1964, <i>Labrador</i> reached the most northerly position ever attained by a Canadian vessel to that point when the ship passed Hans Island.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> During winter months, the icebreaker would perform icebreaking operations in the lower <a href="/facts/St._Lawrence_River/5DvCUBp4">St. Lawrence River</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> </p><p>In 1974, <i>Labrador</i> was sent to Arctic waters to carry out hydrographic survey work.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> From 1977 onward, <i>Labrador</i> was used primarily for hydrographic survey work.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> In 1979, the icebreaker took part in the search for the sunken merchant vessel <a href="/facts/Breadalbane_(ship)/XGM18NNe"><i>Breadalbane</i></a>. The site of the wreck was found during the expedition, but the sunken vessel's identity was not confirmed until the following year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> During the ship's final years, <i>Labrador</i> was restricted to southern waters due to metal fatigue and worked in the <a href="/facts/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence/SnURDrbt">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a> during the winter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> <i>Labrador</i> was taken out of service in 1987 and replaced by <a href="/facts/CCGS_Henry_Larsen/ayvw6RDz">CCGS <i>Henry Larsen</i></a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> The vessel was renamed <i>1210</i> in 1988 and sold for <a href="/facts/Ship_breaking/qh49CobX">scrap</a> to Chi Hsiang Steel Enterprise Co Ltd. The vessel was taken to <a href="/facts/Kaohsiung/6sk9owHq">Kaohsiung</a>, Taiwan, arriving on 24 June 1989 with work beginning on the dismantling of the ship on 29 July.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p><i>Pogo</i> (YFL-104), HMCS <i>Labrador</i>'s hydrographic sounding craft was obtained by the Outaouais Branch of the <a href="/facts/Navy_League_of_Canada/X9fw1WuR">Navy League of Canada</a> from the <a href="/facts/Canadian_War_Museum/BAsFXBjm">Canadian War Museum</a> in 2005. <i>Pogo</i>, a 36-foot (11 m) all-welded aluminum motor boat constructed in 1954, is used in <a href="/facts/Royal_Canadian_Sea_Cadets/EPMdQHNb">Royal Canadian Sea Cadets</a> Program support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="citations">Citations</h2> <h2 id="sources">Sources</h2> <ul><li>Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). <i>RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968</i>. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7748-0196-4.</li> <li>Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). <i>The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002</i> (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-55125-072-1.</li> <li>Maginley, Charles D. (2003). <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi"><i>The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002</i></a>. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-55125-075-6.</li> <li>Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). <i>The Ships of Canada's Marine Services</i>. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-55125-070-5.</li> <li>Milner, Marc (2010). <i>Canada's Navy: The First Century</i> (Second ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-8020-9604-3.</li> <li>Moore, John, ed. (1981). <i>Jane's Fighting Ships 1981–82</i>. New York: Jane's Publishing Incorporated. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-531-03977-3.</li> <li>Pigott, Peter (2011). <i>From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty</i>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9781554889877.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110055727/http://www.aviation.technomuses.ca/assets/pdf/e_PiaseckiHUP-3.pdf">HMCS Labrador History & Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.readyayeready.com/ships/shipview.php?id=1209">HMCS Labrador page at ReadyAyeReady</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081231213829/http://www.canfoh.org/Vignettes/Survey%20Hazards/Survey%20Hazards.htm">HMCS Labrador Helicopter Accident</a></li> <li><a href="http://myrcn.ca/18labrador/labrador.html">HMCS Labrador Newspaper Clippings</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050224093742/http://myrcn.ca/18labrador/labrador.html">Archived</a> 24 February 2005 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Pigott 2011, p. 207. - Pigott, Peter (2011). From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781554889877. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Moore 1981, p. 86. - Moore, John, ed. (1981). Jane's Fighting Ships 1981–82. New York: Jane's Publishing Incorporated. ISBN 0-531-03977-3. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Labrador (5201336)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 1 June 2017. <a href="https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336" target="_blank">https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 150. - Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). The Ships of Canada's Marine Services. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-070-5. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Boutiller 1982, p. 287. - Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Moore 1981, p. 86. - Moore, John, ed. (1981). Jane's Fighting Ships 1981–82. New York: Jane's Publishing Incorporated. ISBN 0-531-03977-3. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Milner 2010, p. 211. - Milner, Marc (2010). Canada's Navy: The First Century (Second ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9604-3. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Labrador (5201336)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 1 June 2017. <a href="https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336" target="_blank">https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Moore 1981, p. 86. - Moore, John, ed. (1981). Jane's Fighting Ships 1981–82. New York: Jane's Publishing Incorporated. ISBN 0-531-03977-3. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Labrador (5201336)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 1 June 2017. <a href="https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336" target="_blank">https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Boutiller 1982, p. 287. - Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 150. - Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). The Ships of Canada's Marine Services. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-070-5. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Boutiller 1982, p. 287. - Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4. <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Pigott 2011, p. 207. - Pigott, Peter (2011). From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781554889877. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Boutiller 1982, p. 287. - Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4. <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Pigott 2011, p. 207. - Pigott, Peter (2011). From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781554889877. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>Pigott 2011, p. 208. - Pigott, Peter (2011). From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781554889877. <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Maginley 2003, p. 32. - Maginley, Charles D. (2003). The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-075-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Milner 2010, p. 222. - Milner, Marc (2010). Canada's Navy: The First Century (Second ed.). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9604-3. <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Maginley 2003, p. 52. - Maginley, Charles D. (2003). The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-075-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Boutiller 1982, p. 306. - Boutiller, James A., ed. (1982). RCN in Retrospect, 1910–1968. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. ISBN 0-7748-0196-4. <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 150. - Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). The Ships of Canada's Marine Services. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-070-5. <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>Pigott 2011, p. 238. - Pigott, Peter (2011). From Far and Wide: A Complete History of Canada's Arctic Sovereignty. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 9781554889877. <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 283. - Macpherson, Ken & Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1. <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>Maginley 2003, pp. 124–126. - Maginley, Charles D. (2003). The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-075-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 150. - Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). The Ships of Canada's Marine Services. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-070-5. <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>Maginley 2003, pp. 124–126. - Maginley, Charles D. (2003). The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-075-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>Maginley & Collin 2001, p. 150. - Maginley, Charles D. & Collin, Bernard (2001). The Ships of Canada's Marine Services. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-070-5. <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>Maginley 2003, p. 61. - Maginley, Charles D. (2003). The Canadian Coast Guard 1962–2002. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-075-6. <a href="https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/canadiancoastgua0000magi</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"Labrador (5201336)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 1 June 2017. <a href="https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336" target="_blank">https://www.miramarshipindex.nz/ship/5201336</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Pogo Outaouais Branch of the Navy League of Canada". Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419031123/http://affairesmaritimes.org/en/our-boats/pogo-hydrographic.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140419031123/http://affairesmaritimes.org/en/our-boats/pogo-hydrographic.html</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>