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Umbilical cord compression
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<h2 id="causes">Causes</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Nuchal_cord/X0zrb3vm">Nuchal cord</a>, when the umbilical cord is (tightly) around the neck of the fetus<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>Entanglement of the cord<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>Knot in the cord<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Umbilical_cord_prolapse/nfYa9Dw5">Cord prolapse</a>, where the umbilical cord exits the birth canal before the baby, which can cause cord compression.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>As a complication of <a href="/facts/Oligohydramnios/xGs9D9eP">oligohydramnios</a> in which there is insufficient <a href="/facts/Amniotic_fluid/Cjt7wfLk">amniotic fluid</a></li> <li>Compression during <a href="/facts/Uterine_contraction/s9C4eRMY">uterine contractions</a> in <a href="/facts/Childbirth/KaWFJ4kG">childbirth</a></li></ul> <h2 id="diagnosis">Diagnosis</h2> <p>On <a href="/facts/Cardiotocography/TFf7EcFj">cardiotocography</a> (CTG), umbilical cord compression can present with <a href="/facts/Variable_decelerations/TFf7EcFj">variable decelerations</a> in fetal heart rate.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2> <p>Umbilical cord compression may be relieved by the mother switching to another position or through maternal hydration. Secondary treatments include <a href="/facts/Amnioinfusion/wACs0V1x">amnioinfusion</a>. In persistent severe signs of fetal distress, <a href="/facts/Cesarean_section/GJ623ers">Cesarean section</a> may be needed. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Childbirth Complications at medicinenet.com. Last Editorial Review: 1/30/2005 <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=51734&page=2" target="_blank">http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=51734&page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>P02.5 Fetus and newborn affected by other compression of umbilical cord in ICD-10, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases <a href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5" target="_blank">http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>P02.5 Fetus and newborn affected by other compression of umbilical cord in ICD-10, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases <a href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5" target="_blank">http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>P02.5 Fetus and newborn affected by other compression of umbilical cord in ICD-10, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases <a href="http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5" target="_blank">http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/P02.5</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Holton, Tim. "How Umbilical Cord Complications Can Endanger A Baby's Life". www.holtonlaw.com. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2017-02-23. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170224055144/https://www.holtonlaw.com/library/umbilical-cord-complications-can-have-lifelong-consequences.cfm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170224055144/https://www.holtonlaw.com/library/umbilical-cord-complications-can-have-lifelong-consequences.cfm</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Childbirth Complications at medicinenet.com. Last Editorial Review: 1/30/2005 <a href="http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=51734&page=2" target="_blank">http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=51734&page=2</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>