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Albert Neuberger
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<h2 id="education-in-germany">Education in Germany</h2> <p>Born in <a href="/facts/Ha%C3%9Ffurt/Ib6U9gvk">Hassfurt</a>, northern <a href="/facts/Bavaria/CLbr6NIG">Bavaria</a>, the first of the three children of <a href="/facts/Max_Neuburger/Iu9E5IjT">Max Neuberger</a> (1877–1931), cloth merchant and businessman, and Bertha, née Hiller (1888–1974), both religious Jews.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> He studied medicine at the <a href="/facts/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg/LeK2xKVW">University of Würzburg</a> where he was awarded a <i><a href="/facts/Summa_cum_laude/BqMYAlgN">summa cum laude</a></i> medical degree.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> He also took courses in chemistry there and also attended lectures given by <a href="/facts/Bonhoeffer_family/x1pSfgS0">Karl Bonhöffer</a>, the outstanding psychiatrist and neurologist. He also worked for a while in research in <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a> where he began a lifelong friendship with <a href="/facts/Ernst_Chain/VC1EwmT0">Ernst Chain</a>. Chain shared the 1945 Nobel prize with <a href="/facts/Alexander_Fleming/qvMjfNVA">Alexander Fleming</a> and <a href="/facts/Howard_Florey/DEoR72FC">Howard Florey</a> for their work on <a href="/facts/Penicillin/Abo8VQ3p">penicillin</a>. </p> <h2 id="education-and-career-in-england">Education and career in England</h2> <p>Neuberger foresaw <a href="/facts/Hitler/3zyXG1L8">Hitler</a>'s persecution of the Jews after he came to power in 1933, and, as with numerous other Jewish intellectuals (including <a href="/facts/Ernst_Chain/VC1EwmT0">Chain</a>), he fled to London. He received a PhD from the <a href="/facts/University_College_London/7dmHhCf5">University College London</a> (UCL) after attending UCL Medical School under <a href="/facts/Charles_Robert_Harington/MEDjs2fa">Professor Sir Charles Robert Harington</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> FRS in 1936 and continued research there. At the start of the Second World War he moved to the Department of <a href="/facts/Biochemistry/fa2pWEBp">Biochemistry</a> at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Cambridge/0la7aX9o">University of Cambridge</a> where he took on <a href="/facts/Fred_Sanger/M460rBQg">Fred Sanger</a> as his PhD student. They published a paper together on the nitrogen content of potatoes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> In 1942 he moved back to London to work at the <a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Medical_Research/jBgx2C2G">National Institute for Medical Research</a>. During the war, he spent some time in India as a consultant in nutrition to the army. From 1950 to 1955 he was Head of Biochemistry at the National Institute for Medical Research. He then moved to St Mary's Hospital as Professor. </p><p>He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Society/KI5yXCuV">Royal Society</a> in 1951,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> as was his son, <a href="/facts/Michael_Neuberger/1kL73jmg">Michael Neuberger</a>, in 1993—a rare case of both father and son being <a href="/facts/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society/cWs8TdC5">FRS</a>. He was appointed a <a href="/facts/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire/HlY9buuN">CBE</a> in 1964. He was also a Fellow of the <a href="/facts/Royal_College_of_Physicians/e2XN5DvU">Royal College of Physicians</a> and the <a href="/facts/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry/1fg4xnqR">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>. Other awards include the Heberden medal of the <a href="/facts/Royal_Society_of_Medicine/sWUummy1">Royal Society of Medicine</a> (1959), the Frederick Gowland Hopkins medal of the <a href="/facts/Biochemical_Society/ddfP35rk">Biochemical Society</a> (1960) and of which he was elected an honorary member (1973). He was also a foreign honorary member of the <a href="/facts/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences/KptWYgz4">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (1972). He received honorary doctorates from the <a href="/facts/University_of_Aberdeen/F6X2yVXk">University of Aberdeen</a> (1967), the <a href="/facts/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem/aEpNukpQ">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> (1968), and the <a href="/facts/University_of_Hull/p6eAWUtJ">University of Hull</a> (1981).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>He married Lilian Ida Dreyfus in 1943 and was the father of (1) <a href="/facts/James_Neuberger/QGxxQMvS">James Neuberger</a>, (2) <a href="/facts/David_Neuberger,_Baron_Neuberger_of_Abbotsbury/I7WQh9dY">David Neuberger, Baron Neuberger of Abbotsbury</a>, (3) <a href="/facts/Anthony_Neuberger/blQafbSH">Anthony Neuberger</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Professor of Finance, <a href="/facts/University_of_Warwick/A88IPplp">University of Warwick</a>, (4) <a href="/facts/Michael_Neuberger/1kL73jmg">Michael Neuberger</a> and (5) Janet Neuberger. He was also the brother of Rabbi <a href="/facts/Herman_Neuberger/sbTsbIWG">Herman Neuberger</a>. </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/The_Lister_Institute_of_Preventive_Medicine/2y9J1o2E">The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sharon, Nathan (2004). "Neuberger, Albert (1908–1996), biochemist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61494. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" target="_blank">/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Allen, A. K.; Muir, H. M. (2001). "Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 -- 14 August 1996: Elected F.R.S. 1951". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 47: 369–382. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021. PMID 15124648. S2CID 72943723. <a href="/wiki/Helen_Muir" target="_blank">/wiki/Helen_Muir</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Sharon, Nathan (2004). "Neuberger, Albert (1908–1996), biochemist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61494. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" target="_blank">/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Sharon, N.; Barzu, T.; Herault, J. P.; Herbert, J. M. (1997). "Obituary". Glycobiology. 7 (3): 323–327. doi:10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-b. PMID 9147040. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fglycob%2F7.3.323-b" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fglycob%2F7.3.323-b</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sharon, N. (1997). "Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research". Glycobiology. 7 (3): x–xiii. doi:10.1093/glycob/7.3.323-c. PMID 9147039. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fglycob%2F7.3.323-c" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fglycob%2F7.3.323-c</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Sharon, N. (1997). "Albert Neuberger (1908-96): Founder of modern glycoprotein research". Glycoconjugate Journal. 14 (2): 155–158. PMID 9111132. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Allen, A. K.; Palmer, T. N. (1979). "Glycoproteins: A tribute to Albert Neuberger". Biochemical Society Transactions. 7 (4): 781–782. doi:10.1042/bst0070781. PMID 383551. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, OUP 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Transcript of Prof. Albert Neuberger in conversation with Prof. Robin Marshall and Dr. George Tait, December 1989, with link to download option via Athens login. Covers his entire life in some detail including time in Berlin and early experience of London". Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Transcript of Prof. Albert Neuberger in conversation with Prof. Robin Marshall and Dr. George Tait, December 1989, with link to download option via Athens login. Covers his entire life in some detail including time in Berlin and early experience of London". Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090515164155/http://www.filmandsound.ac.uk/collections/records/0028-0000-2668-0000-0-0000-0000-0.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Neuberger, A.; Sanger, F. (1942), "The nitrogen of the potato", Biochemical Journal, 36 (7–9): 662–671, doi:10.1042/bj0360662, PMC 1266851, PMID 16747571. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Allen, A. K.; Muir, H. M. (2001). "Albert Neuberger. 15 April 1908 -- 14 August 1996: Elected F.R.S. 1951". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 47: 369–382. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2001.0021. PMID 15124648. S2CID 72943723. <a href="/wiki/Helen_Muir" target="_blank">/wiki/Helen_Muir</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Sharon, Nathan (2004). "Neuberger, Albert (1908–1996), biochemist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61494. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" target="_blank">/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"University of Warwick Business school, faculty members". Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 13 July 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003122810/http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20081003122810/http://www.wbs.ac.uk/faculty/members/anthony/neuberger</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>