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Transporter Classification Database
open-in-new
<h2 id="classification">Classification</h2> <p>The upper level of classification and a few examples of proteins with known 3D structure: </p> <h3>1. <a href="/facts/Ion_channel/A46LARFH">Channels</a> and pores</h3> <h4>1.A α-type channels</h4> <ul><li>1.A.1 <a href="/facts/Voltage-gated_ion_channel/PwgWQn8s">Voltage-gated ion channel superfamily</a></li> <li>1.A.2 <a href="/facts/Inward-rectifier_K%2B_channel/VYuvrz8U">Inward-rectifier K+ channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.3 <a href="/facts/Ryanodine-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate_receptor_Ca2%2B_channel/DrntsRrs">Ryanodine-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.4 <a href="/facts/Transient_receptor_potential_Ca2%2B_channel/bbJSljzL">Transient receptor potential Ca2+ channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.5 <a href="/facts/Polycystin_cation_channel_family/vyyBCljH">Polycystin cation channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.6 <a href="/facts/Epithelial_sodium_channel/s7hc7WLd">Epithelial Na+ channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.7 <a href="/facts/P2X_purinoreceptor/oCYaQG5I">ATP-gated P2X receptor cation channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.8 <a href="/facts/Major_intrinsic_protein/BX1HX8vy">Major intrinsic protein superfamily</a></li> <li>1.A.9 <a href="/facts/Ligand-gated_ion_channel/gN9RkNC2">Neurotransmitter receptor, Cys loop, ligand-gated ion channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.10 <a href="/facts/Glutamate-gated_ion_channel_family/RqSxqHqF">Glutamate-gated ion channel family</a> of <a href="/facts/Neurotransmitter_receptor/6a6WnCwT">neurotransmitter receptors</a></li> <li>1.A.11 <a href="/facts/Ammonia_transporter/62BUroAT">Ammonium channel transporter family</a></li> <li>1.A.12 <a href="/facts/Chloride_channel/Ervc5tBe">Intracellular chloride channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.13 <a href="/facts/Chloride_channel/Ervc5tBe">Epithelial chloride channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.14 <a href="/facts/Testis-enhanced_gene_transfer_family/fFHxecwq">Testis-enhanced gene transfer family</a></li> <li>1.A.15 <a href="/facts/Non-selective_cation_channel-2_family/jBskRC0J">Nonselective cation channel-2 family</a></li> <li>1.A.16 <a href="/facts/Formate-nitrite_transporter/S5dWNCBw">Formate-nitrite transporter family</a></li> <li>1.A.17 <a href="/facts/Calcium-dependent_chloride_channel/4W6ujLyK">Calcium-dependent chloride channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.18 <a href="/facts/Tic110_family/pqRwIUQe">Chloroplast envelope anion-channel-forming Tic110 family</a></li> <li>1.A.19 <a href="/facts/M2_proton_channel/JnpN8MX8">Type A influenza virus matrix-2 channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.20 <a href="/facts/BNIP3/tWzh30Qn">BCL2/Adenovirus E1B-interacting protein 3 family</a></li> <li>1.A.21 <a href="/facts/Bcl-2_family/6qPtchtp">Bcl-2 family</a></li> <li>1.A.22 <a href="/facts/Large-conductance_mechanosensitive_ion_channel/P9BWPKlv">Large-conductance mechanosensitive ion channel</a></li> <li>1.A.23 <a href="/facts/Small-conductance_mechanosensitive_ion_channel/Wd9UyMCq">Small-conductance mechanosensitive ion channel</a></li> <li>1.A.24 <a href="/facts/Connexin/RK87nd90">Gap-junction-forming connexin family</a></li> <li>1.A.25 <a href="/facts/Innexin/6kdyAJT0">Gap-junction-forming innexin family</a></li> <li>1.A.26 <a href="/facts/Magnesium_transporter_E/HmGSm6Vg">Mg2+ transporter-E family</a></li> <li>1.A.27 <a href="/facts/Phospholemman/Hwoj5Gl3">Phospholemman family</a></li> <li>1.A.28 <a href="/facts/Urea_transporter_family/ugv1YHqD">Urea transporter family</a></li> <li>1.A.29 Urea/amide channel family</li> <li>1.A.30 H+- or Na+-translocating bacterial MotAB flagellar motor/ExbBD outer-membrane transport energizer superfamily</li> <li>1.A.31 <a href="/facts/Annexin/k6TIjfh9">Annexin family</a></li> <li>1.A.32 Type B influenza virus NB channel family</li> <li>1.A.33 <a href="/facts/Heat-shock_protein_70/Knm5v3Yv">Cation-channel-forming heat shock protein 70 family</a></li> <li>1.A.34 Bacillus gap junction-like channel-forming complex family</li> <li>1.A.35 <a href="/facts/CorA_metal_ion_transporter/phTgvKR8">CorA metal ion transporter family</a></li> <li>1.A.36 <a href="/facts/Chloride_channel/Ervc5tBe">Intracellular chloride channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.37 CD20 Ca2+ channel family</li> <li>1.A.38 Golgi pH regulator family</li> <li>1.A.39 Type C influenza virus CM2 channel family</li> <li>1.A.40 <a href="/facts/Vpu_protein/MH9RlBEX">Human immunodeficiency virus type I Vpu channel family</a></li> <li>1.A.41 Avian reovirus p10 Vvroporin family</li> <li>1.A.42 HIV viral protein R family</li> <li>1.A.43 Camphor resistance or fluoride exporter family</li> <li>1.A.44 Pore-forming tail Tip pb2 protein of phage T5 family</li> <li>1.A.45 Phage P22 injectisome family</li> <li>1.A.46 Anion channel-forming bestrophin family</li> <li>1.A.47 Nucleotide-sensitive anion-selective channel, ICln family</li> <li>1.A.48 Anion channel Tweety family</li> <li>1.A.49 Human coronavirus ns12.9 viroporin family</li> <li>1.A.50 <a href="/facts/Phospholamban/XwAbNwxo">Phospholamban (Ca2+-channel and Ca2+-ATPase regulator) family</a></li> <li>1.A.51 The Voltage-gated Proton Channel (VPC) Family</li> <li>1.A.52 The Ca2+ Release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) Channel (CRAC-C) Family</li> <li>1.A.53 The Hepatitis C Virus P7 Viroporin Cation-selective Channel (HCV-P7) Family</li> <li>1.A.54 The Presenilin ER Ca2+ Leak Channel (Presenilin) Family</li> <li>1.A.55 The Synaptic Vesicle-Associated Ca2+ Channel, Flower (Flower) Family</li> <li>1.A.56 The Copper Transporter (Ctr) Family</li> <li>1.A.57 The Human SARS Coronavirus Viroporin (SARS-VP)</li> <li>1.A.58 The Type B Influenza Virus Matrix Protein 2 (BM2-C) Family</li> <li>1.A.59 The Bursal Disease Virus Pore-Forming Peptide, Pep46 (Pep46) Family</li> <li>1.A.60 The Mammalian Reovirus Pre-forming Peptide, Mu-1 (Mu-1) Family</li> <li>1.A.61 The Insect Nodavirus Channel-forming Chain F (Gamma-Peptide) Family</li> <li>1.A.62 The Homotrimeric Cation Channel (TRIC) Family</li> <li>1.A.63 The Ignicoccus Outer Membrane α-helical Porin (I-OMP Family</li> <li>1.A.64 The Plasmolipin (Plasmolipin) Family</li> <li>1.A.65 The Coronavirus Viroporin E Protein (Viroporin E) Family</li> <li>1.A.66 The Pardaxin (Pardaxin) Family</li> <li>1.A.67 The Membrane Mg2+ Transporter (MMgT) Family</li> <li>1.A.68 The Viral Small Hydrophobic Viroporin (V-SH) Family</li> <li>1.A.69 The Heteromeric Odorant Receptor Channel (HORC) Family</li> <li>1.A.70 The Molecule Against Microbes A (MamA) Family</li> <li>1.A.71 The Brain Acid-soluble Protein Channel (BASP1 Channel) Family</li> <li>1.A.72 The Mer Superfamily</li> <li>1.A.73 The Colicin Lysis Protein (CLP) Family</li> <li>1.A.74 The Mitsugumin 23 (MG23) Family</li> <li>1.A.75 The Mechanical Nociceptor, Piezo (Piezo) Family</li> <li>1.A.76 The Magnesium Transporter1 (MagT1) Family</li> <li>1.A.77 The Mg2+/Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) Family</li> <li>1.A.78 The K+-selective Channel in Endosomes and Lysosomes (KEL) Family</li> <li>1.A.79 The Cholesterol Uptake Protein (ChUP) or Double Stranded RNA Uptake Family</li> <li>1.A.80 The NS4a Viroporin (NS4a) Family</li> <li>1.A.81 The Low Affinity Ca2+ Channel (LACC) Family</li> <li>1.A.82 The Hair Cell Mechanotransduction Channel (HCMC) Family</li> <li>1.A.83 The SV40 Virus Viroporin VP2 (SV40 VP2) Family</li> <li>1.A.84 The Calcium Homeostasis Modulator Ca2+ Channel (CALHM-C) Family</li> <li>1.A.85 The Poliovirus 2B Viroporin (2B Viroporin) Family</li> <li>1.A.86 The Human Papilloma Virus type 16 (HPV16) L2 Viroporin (L2 Viroporin) Family</li> <li>1.A.87 The Mechanosensitive Calcium Channel (MCA) Family</li> <li>1.A.88 The Fungal Potassium Channel (F-Kch) Family</li> <li>1.A.89 The Human Coronavirus 229E Viroporin (229E Viroporin) Family</li> <li>1.A.90 The Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Viroporin (HMPV-Viroporin) Family</li> <li>1.A.91 The Cytoadherence-linked Asexual Protein 3.2 of Plasmodium falciparum (Clag3) Family</li> <li>1.A.92 The Reovirus Viroporin VP10 (RVP10) Family</li> <li>1.A.93 The Bluetongue Virus Non-Structural Protein 3 Viroporin (NS3) Family</li> <li>1.A.94 The Rotavirus Non-structural Glycoprotein 4 Viroporin (NSP4) Family</li> <li>1.A.95 The Ephemerovirus Viroporin (EVVP) Family</li> <li>1.A.96 The Human Polyoma Virus Viroporin (PVVP) Family</li> <li>1.A.97 The Human Papillomavirus type 16 E5 Viroporin (HPV-E5) Family</li> <li>1.A.98 Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 P13 protein (HTLV1-P13) Family</li> <li>1.A.99 The Infectious Bronchitis Virus Envelope Small Membrane Protein E (IBV-E) Family</li> <li>1.A.100 The Rhabdoviridae Putative Viroporin, U5 (RV-U5) Family</li> <li>1.A.101 The Peroxisomal Pore-forming Pex11 (Pex11) Family</li> <li>1.A.102 Influenza A viroporin PB1-F2 (PB1-F2) Family</li> <li>1.A.103 The Simian Virus 5 (Parainfluenza Virus 5) SH (SV5-SH) Family</li> <li>1.A.104 The Proposed Flagellar Biosynthesis Na+ Channel, FlaH (FlaH) Family</li> <li>1.A.105 The Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-like (MLKL) Family</li> <li>1.A.106 The Calcium Load-activated Calcium Channel (CLAC) Family</li> <li>1.A.107 The Pore-forming Globin (Globin) Family</li></ul> <h4>1.B. <a href="/facts/Porin_(protein)/XeNDIN4x">β-Barrel porins</a> and other outer membrane proteins</h4> <ul><li>1.B.1 <a href="/facts/General_bacterial_porin_family/vqI08Ha7">General bacterial porin family</a></li> <li>1.B.2 <a href="/facts/Chlamydia_(genus)/zbm60vHX">Chlamydial</a> porin (CP) family</li> <li>1.B.3 <a href="/facts/Maltoporin/68fEd89Y">Sugar porin</a> (SP) family</li> <li>1.B.4 Brucella-Rhizobium porin (BRP) family</li> <li>1.B.5 <a href="/facts/Pseudomonas/FKEX7p7K">Pseudomonas</a> OprP porin (POP) family</li> <li>1.B.6 <a href="/facts/OmpA-like_transmembrane_domain/yRy6ueL5">OmpA-OmpF porin (OOP) family</a></li> <li>1.B.7 Rhodobacter PorCa porin (RPP) family</li> <li>1.B.8 <a href="/facts/Voltage-dependent_anion_channel/V8fVzXNt">Mitochondrial and plastid porin (MPP) family</a></li> <li>1.B.9 <a href="/facts/FadL_outer_membrane_protein_transport_family/HV9LkrBc">FadL outer membrane protein (FadL) family</a></li> <li>1.B.10 <a href="/facts/Nucleoside-specific_porin/gH2RQ8tI">Nucleoside-specific channel-forming outer membrane porin (Tsx) family</a></li> <li>1.B.11 Outer membrane fimbrial usher porin (FUP) family</li> <li>1.B.12 <a href="/facts/Autotransporter_domain/bLtL3Qp0">Autotransporter-1</a> (AT-1) family</li> <li>1.B.13 Alginate export porin (AEP) family</li> <li>1.B.14 <a href="/facts/Outer_Membrane_Receptor/vUttTckK">Outer membrane receptor (OMR) family</a></li> <li>1.B.15 Raffinose porin (RafY) family</li> <li>1.B.16 Short chain amide and urea porin (SAP) family</li> <li>1.B.17 <a href="/facts/Outer_membrane_efflux_proteins/G6QeseSt">Outer membrane factor (OMF) family</a></li> <li>1.B.18 <a href="/facts/Outer_membrane_polysaccharide_transporter/8YprwGD7">Outer membrane auxiliary (OMA) protein family</a></li> <li>1.B.19 Glucose-selective OprB porin (OprB) family</li> <li>1.B.20 Two-partner secretion (TPS) family</li> <li>1.B.21 <a href="/facts/Outer_membrane_protein_G/QWBrYX1C">OmpG porin (OmpG) family</a></li> <li>1.B.22 Outer bacterial membrane secretin (secretin) family</li> <li>1.B.23 Cyanobacterial porin (CBP) family</li> <li>1.B.24 <a href="/facts/Mycobacterial_porin/8aszmHN9">Mycobacterial porin</a></li> <li>1.B.25 <a href="/facts/Outer_membrane_porin_D/6C0fSbPp">Outer membrane porin (Opr) family</a></li> <li>1.B.26 Cyclodextrin porin (CDP) family</li> <li>1.B.31 <a href="/facts/Campylobacter_jejuni/d2290pML">Campylobacter jejuni</a> major outer membrane porin (MomP) family</li> <li>1.B.32 Fusobacterial outer membrane porin (FomP) family</li> <li>1.B.33 Outer membrane protein insertion porin (Bam complex) (OmpIP) family</li> <li>1.B.34 <a href="/facts/Corynebacterial_porin_B/EIKyRfkI">Corynebacterial porins</a></li> <li>1.B.35 <a href="/facts/Oligogalacturonate-specific_porin/U6mWY00j">Oligogalacturonate-specific porin (KdgM) family</a></li> <li>1.B.39 <a href="/facts/Outer_membrane_protein_W_family/b0Rruz0H">Bacterial porin, OmpW (OmpW) family</a></li> <li>1.B.42 Outer membrane lipopolysaccharide export porin (LPS-EP) family</li> <li>1.B.43 Coxiella porin P1 (CPP1) family</li> <li>1.B.44 Probable protein translocating porphyromonas gingivalis porin (PorT) family</li> <li>1.B.49 Anaplasma P44 (A-P44) porin family</li> <li>1.B.48 Curli-like transporters</li> <li>1.B.54 <a href="/facts/Intimin/JrjKYF4g">Intimin</a>/Invasin (Int/Inv) or <a href="/facts/Autotransporter_domain/bLtL3Qp0">Autotransporter-3</a> family</li> <li>1.B.55 Poly-acetyl-D-glucosamine porin (PgaA) family</li> <li>1.B.57 Legionella major-outer membrane protein (LM-OMP) family</li> <li>1.B.60 Omp50 porin (Omp50 Porin) family</li> <li>1.B.61 Delta-proteobacterial porin (Delta-porin) family</li> <li>1.B.62 Putative bacterial porin (PBP) family</li> <li>1.B.66 Putative beta-barrel porin-2 (BBP2) family</li> <li>1.B.67 Putative beta barrel porin-4 (BBP4) family</li> <li>1.B.68 Putative beta barrel porin-5 (BBP5) superfamily</li> <li>1.B.70 Outer membrane channel (OMC) family</li> <li>1.B.71 Proteobacterial/verrucomicrobial porin (PVP) family</li> <li>1.B.72 Protochlamydial outer membrane porin (PomS/T) family</li> <li>1.B.73 Capsule biogenesis/assembly (CBA) family</li> <li>1.B.78 DUF3374 electron transport-associated porin (ETPorin) family</li></ul> <h4>1.C <a href="/facts/Pore-forming_toxin/MEj5bHdt">Pore-forming toxins</a> (proteins and peptides)</h4> <ul><li>1.C.3 α-<a href="/facts/Hemolysin/VFXR9Exg">Hemolysin</a> (αHL) family</li> <li>1.C.4 <a href="/facts/Aerolysin/Jd909Pu6">Aerolysin</a> family</li> <li>1.C.5 ε-toxin family</li> <li>1.C.11 <a href="/facts/RTX_toxin/bcADmRYh">RTX-toxin superfamily</a></li> <li>1.C.12 <a href="/facts/MACPF/4ttzJlxw">Membrane attack complex/perforin superfamily</a></li> <li>1.C.13 <a href="/facts/Leukocidin/QAJlvTo4">Leukocidin</a> family</li> <li>1.C.14 Cytohemolysin (CHL) family</li> <li>1.C.39 <a href="/facts/Cholesterol-dependent_cytolysin/9rvTkaCB">Thiol-activated cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family</a></li> <li>1.C.43 <a href="/facts/Lysenin/tNUIc9cs">Lysenin</a> family</li> <li>1.C.56 <a href="/facts/HrpZ_Family/aaPgjLK1"><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> HrpZ cation channel family</a></li> <li>1.C.57 <a href="/facts/Clostridial_Cytotoxin_family/hgwKcubE">Clostridial cytotoxin family</a></li> <li>1.C.58 <a href="/facts/Microcin/0Vmo6ehW">The Microcin E492/C24 (Microcin E492) Family</a></li> <li>1.C.74 <a href="/facts/Snake_venom/BBYrAvSh">Snake cytotoxin</a> (SCT) family</li> <li>1.C.97 <a href="/facts/Pleurotolysin/D4C4XorN">Pleurotolysin pore-forming family</a></li></ul> <h4>1.D Non-ribosomally synthesized channels</h4> <ul><li>1.D.1 The <a href="/facts/Gramicidin_A/lmnnzc9g">Gramicidin A</a> Channel Family</li> <li>1.D.2 The Channel-forming <a href="/facts/Syringomycin_E/rQJdu6a0">Syringomycin</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.3 The Channel-Forming Syringopeptin Family</li> <li>1.D.4 The Tolaasin Channel-forming Family</li> <li>1.D.5 The <a href="/facts/Alamethicin/nWjanIIL">Alamethicin</a> or <a href="/facts/Peptaibol/gflYeSYC">Peptaibol</a> Antibiotic Channel-forming Family</li> <li>1.D.6 The Complexed Poly 3-Hydroxybutyrate Ca2+ Channel (cPHB-CC) Family</li> <li>1.D.7 The Beticolin Family</li> <li>1.D.8 The <a href="/facts/Saponin/0cqUdnJM">Saponin</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.9 The Polyglutamine Ion Channel (PG-IC) Family</li> <li>1.D.10 The <a href="/facts/Ceramide/nLdl2GCr">Ceramide</a>-forming Channel Family</li> <li>1.D.11 The <a href="/facts/Surfactin/n7cUdPQE">Surfactin</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.12 The Beauvericin (Beauvericin) Family</li> <li>1.D.13 DNA-delivery Amphipathic Peptide Antibiotics (DAPA)</li> <li>1.D.14 The Synthetic Leu/Ser Amphipathic Channel-forming Peptide (l/S-SCP) Family</li> <li>1.D.15 <a href="/facts/Daptomycin/ysvhcyld">The Daptomycin (Daptomycin) Family</a></li> <li>1.D.16 The Synthetic Amphipathic Pore-forming Heptapeptide (SAPH) Family</li> <li>1.D.17 Combinatorially-designed, Pore-forming, β-sheet Peptide Family</li> <li>1.D.18 The Pore-forming Guanosine-Bile Acid Conjugate Family</li> <li>1.D.19 Ca2+ Channel-forming Drug, <a href="/facts/Digitoxin/M1R4ck24">Digitoxin</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.20 The Pore-forming Polyene Macrolide Antibiotic/fungal Agent (PMAA) Family</li> <li>1.D.21 The Lipid Nanopore (LipNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.22 The Proton-Translocating Carotenoid Pigment, <a href="/facts/Zeaxanthin/QFVJwTbE">Zeaxanthin</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.23 Phenylene Ethynylene Pore-forming Antimicrobial (PEPA) Family</li> <li>1.D.24 The Marine Sponge Polytheonamide B (pTB) Family</li> <li>1.D.25 The Arylamine Foldamer (AAF) Family</li> <li>1.D.26 The Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 9'-O-β-D-glucoside (DDDC9G) Family</li> <li>1.D.27 The Thiourea isosteres Family</li> <li>1.D.28 The Lipopeptaibol Family</li> <li>1.D.29 The Macrocyclic Oligocholate Family</li> <li>1.D.30 The Artificial Hydrazide-appended pillar[5]arene Channels (HAPA-C) Family</li> <li>1.D.31 The <a href="/facts/Amphotericin_B/c2H3NmRQ">Amphotericin B</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.32 The Pore-forming Novicidin Family</li> <li>1.D.33 The Channel-forming Polytheonamide B Family</li> <li>1.D.34 The Channel-forming Oligoester Bolaamphiphiles</li> <li>1.D.35 The Pore-forming cyclic Lipodepsipeptide Family</li> <li>1.D.36 The Oligobornene Ion Channel Family</li> <li>1.D.37 The Hibicuslide C Family</li> <li>1.D.38 The Cyclic Peptide Nanotube (cPepNT) Family</li> <li>1.D.39 The Light-controlled Azobenzene-based Amphiphilic Molecular Ion Channel (AAM-IC) Family</li> <li>1.D.40 The Protein-induced Lipid Toroidal Pore Family</li> <li>1.D.41 The Sprotetonate-type Ionophore (Spirohexanolide) Family</li> <li>1.D.42 The Phe-Arg Tripeptide-Pillar[5]Arene Channel (TPPA-C) Family</li> <li>1.D.43 The Triazole-tailored Guanosine Dinucleoside Channel (TT-GDN-C) Family</li> <li>1.D.44 The Synthetic Ion Channel with Redox-active Ferrocene (ICRF) Family</li> <li>1.D.45 The Sonoporation and Electroporation Membrane Pore (SEMP) Family</li> <li>1.D.46 The DNA Nanopore (DnaNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.47 The Pore-forming Synthetic Cyclic Peptide (PSCP) Family</li> <li>1.D.48 The Pore-forming <a href="/facts/Syringomycin_E/rQJdu6a0">Syringomycin E</a> Family</li> <li>1.D.49 The Transmembrane Carotenoid Radical Channel (CRC) Family</li> <li>1.D.50 The Amphiphilic bis-Catechol Anion Transporter (AC-AT) Family</li> <li>1.D.51 The Protein Nanopore (ProNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.52 The Aromatic Oligoamide Macrocycle Nanopore (OmnNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.53 The alpha, gamma-Peptide Nanotube (a,gPepNT) Family</li> <li>1.D.54 The potassium-selective Hexyl-Benzoureido-15-Crown-5-Ether Ion Channel (HBEC) Family</li> <li>1.D.55 The Porphyrin-based Nanopore (PorNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.56 The Alpha-Aminoisobutyrate (Aib) Oligomeric Nanopore (AibNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.57 The Lipid Electro-Pore (LEP) Family</li> <li>1.D.58 The Anion Transporting Prodigiosene (Prodigiosene) Family</li> <li>1.D.59 The Anion Transporting Perenosin (Perenosin) Family</li> <li>1.D.60 The Alpha,Gamma-Cyclic Peptide (AGCP) Family</li> <li>1.D.61 The Anionophoric 2,6-Bis(Benzimidazol-2-yl)Pyridine (ABBP) Family</li> <li>1.D.62 The Bis-Triazolyl DiGuanosine Derivative Channel-forming (TDG) Family</li> <li>1.D.63 The Peptide-based Nanopore (PepNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.64 The Carbon Nanotube (CarNT) Family</li> <li>1.D.65 The Pore-forming Amphidinol (Amphidinol) Family</li> <li>1.D.66 The Helical Macromolecule Nanopore (HmmNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.67 The Crown Ether-modified Helical Peptide Ion Channel (CEHP) Family</li> <li>1.D.68 The Pore-forming Pleuronic Block Polymer (PPBP) Family</li> <li>1.D.69 The Conical Nanopore (ConNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.70 The Metallic (Au/Ag/Pt/graphene) Nanopore (MetNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.71 The Synthetic TP359 Peptide (TP359) Family</li> <li>1.D.72 The Chloride Carrier Triazine-based Tripodal Receptor (CCTTR) Family</li> <li>1.D.73 The Mesoporous Silica Nanopore (SilNP) Family</li> <li>1.D.74 The Stimulus-responsive Synthetic Rigid p-Octiphenyl Stave Pore (SSROP) Family</li></ul> <h4>1.E <a href="/facts/Holin/kKWKTqvY">Holins</a></h4> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Holins/kKWKTqvY">Holins</a></p> <h4>1.F <a href="/facts/Vesicle_fusion/aksya4JS">Vesicle fusion</a> pores</h4> <ul><li>1.F.1 The Synaptosomal Vesicle Fusion Pore (SVF-Pore) Family</li> <li>1.F.2 The Octameric Exocyst (Exocyst) Family</li></ul> <h4>1.G <a href="/facts/Viral_protein/pGDxkDjB">Viral fusion</a> pores</h4> <ul><li>1.G.1 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-1 (VMFP1) Family</li> <li>1.G.2 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-2 (VMFP2) Family</li> <li>1.G.3 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-3 (VMFP3) Family</li> <li>1.G.4 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-4 (VMFP4) Family</li> <li>1.G.5 The Viral Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Protein-5 (VMFP5) Family</li> <li>1.G.6 The Hepadnaviral S Fusion Protein (HBV-S Protein) Family</li> <li>1.G.7 The Reovirus FAST Fusion Protein (R-FAST) Family</li> <li>1.G.8 The Arenavirus Fusion Protein (AV-FP) Family</li> <li>1.G.9 The Syncytin (Syncytin) Family</li> <li>1.G.10 The Herpes Simplex Virus Membrane Fusion Complex (HSV-MFC) Family</li> <li>1.G.11 Poxvirus Cell Entry Protein Complex (PEP-C) Family</li> <li>1.G.12 The Avian Leukosis Virus gp95 Fusion Protein (ALV-gp95) Family</li> <li>1.G.13 The Orthoreovirus Fusion-associated Small Transmembrane (FAST) Family</li> <li>1.G.14 The Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin/Fusion Pore-forming Protein (Influenza-H/FPP) Family</li> <li>1.G.15 The Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Major Envelope Glycoprotein GP64 (GP64) Family</li> <li>1.G.16 The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Fusion Peptide (HIV-FP) Family</li> <li>1.G.17 The Bovine Leukemia Virus Envelop Glycoprotein (BLV-Env) Family</li> <li>1.G.18 The SARS-CoV Fusion Peptide in the Spike Glycoprotein Precursor (SARS-FP) Family</li> <li>1.G.19 The Rotavirus Pore-forming Membrane Fusion Complex (Rotavirus MFC) Family</li> <li>1.G.20 The Hantavirus Gc Envelope Fusion Glycoprotein (Gc-EFG) Family</li> <li>1.G.21 The Epstein Barr Virus (Human Herpes Virus 4) Gp42 (Gp42) Family</li> <li>1.G.22 The Cytomegalovirus (Human Herpesvirus 5) Glycoprotein gO (gO) Family</li></ul> <h4>1.H Paracellular channels</h4> <ul><li>1.H.1 The <a href="/facts/Claudin/rElNDYnz">Claudin</a> Tight Junction (Claudin1) Family</li> <li>1.H.2 The Invertebrate PMP22-Claudin (Claudin2) Family</li></ul> <h4>1.I Membrane-bound channels</h4> <ul><li>1.I.1 <a href="/facts/Nuclear_pore_complex/CQ4IQG4s">Nuclear pore complex</a> family, including <a href="/facts/Karyopherin/kpvIIHnY">karyopherins</a></li> <li>1.I.2 Plant <a href="/facts/Plasmodesmata/GmTacJnX">plasmodesmata</a> family</li></ul> <h3>2. Electrochemical potential-driven transporters</h3> <h4>2.A Porters (<a href="/facts/Uniporter/qC0TWTu4">uniporters</a>, <a href="/facts/Symporter/cjVogHbF">symporters</a>, <a href="/facts/Antiporter/HHMvokyn">antiporters</a>)</h4> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Amino_acid_transporter/44MJkBmq">Amino acid transporter</a></p> <ul><li>2.A.1 <a href="/facts/Major_facilitator_superfamily/aEbAPdfN">Major Facilitator superfamily</a> (MFS), see also <a href="/facts/Lactose_permease/yIfrbvFG">Lactose permease</a>, <a href="/facts/Phosphate_permease/xfoYsUJU">Phosphate permease</a> and <a href="/facts/Glucose_transporter/3B7IGR9Q">Glucose transporter</a></li> <li>2.A.2 <a href="/facts/Glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide:cation_symporter_family/jKswIRAG">The Glycoside-Pentoside-Hexuronide (GPH):Cation Symporter Family</a></li> <li>2.A.3 <a href="/facts/APC_superfamily/4LykCLGH">The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Family</a></li> <li>2.A.4 <a href="/facts/Cation_diffusion_facilitator/BzG4fxrr">Cation diffusion facilitator</a> (CDF) Family</li> <li>2.A.5 <a href="/facts/Ferroportin/cmRIBMjv">Zinc (Zn2+)-Iron (Fe2+) Permease</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.6 <a href="/facts/Resistance-nodulation-cell_division_superfamily/eJnjGLL4">Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Superfamily</a>, see also <a href="/facts/SecDF_protein-export_membrane_protein/WTE8ttBX">SecDF protein-export membrane protein</a></li> <li>2.A.7 The <a href="/facts/Small_multidrug_resistance_protein/ghyHnlWL">Drug/Metabolite Transporter</a> (DMT) Superfamily</li> <li>2.A.8 The Gluconate:H+ Symporter (GntP) Family</li> <li>2.A.9 The Membrane Protein Insertase (YidC/Alb3/Oxa1) Family</li> <li>2.A.10 The 2-Keto-3-Deoxygluconate Transporter (KdgT) Family</li> <li>2.A.11 The Citrate-Mg2+:H+ (CitM) Citrate-Ca2+:H+ (CitH) Symporter (CitMHS) Family</li> <li>2.A.12 <a href="/facts/ATP:ADP_antiporter_family/IDHUJfnm">ATP:ADP Antiporter Family</a></li> <li>2.A.13 The C4-Dicarboxylate Uptake (Dcu) Family</li> <li>2.A.14 <a href="/facts/Lactate_permease_family/awcEIfuT">Lactate Permease Family</a></li> <li>2.A.15 <a href="/facts/Betaine_transporter/UeVVCPPo">The Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) Family</a></li> <li>2.A.16 <a href="/facts/Tellurite-resistance/dicarboxylate_transporter/6Chp71w3">Tellurite-resistance/Dicarboxylate Transporter</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.17 <a href="/facts/Proton-dependent_oligopeptide_transporter/I27yoam5">Proton-dependent Oligopeptide Transporter Family</a></li> <li>2.A.18 The Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family</li> <li>2.A.19 The Ca2+:Cation Antiporter (CaCA) Family</li> <li>2.A.20 The Inorganic Phosphate Transporter (PiT) Family</li> <li>2.A.21 <a href="/facts/Sodium-solute_symporter/tNG3vz0k">Solute:Sodium Symporter Family</a></li> <li>2.A.22 The <a href="/facts/Neurotransmitter_sodium_symporter/ErVVAKfE">Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.23 The Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family</li> <li>2.A.24 The 2-Hydroxycarboxylate Transporter (2-HCT) Family</li> <li>2.A.25 <a href="/facts/AGCS_family/f5a7Vf2I">Alanine or Glycine:Cation Symporter</a> (AGCS) Family</li> <li>2.A.26 The Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family</li> <li>2.A.27 The Glutamate:Na+ Symporter (ESS) Family</li> <li>2.A.28 <a href="/facts/Bile_acid:sodium_symporter/TtINvS5K">Bile Acid:Na+ Symporter</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.29 <a href="/facts/Mitochondrial_carrier/FI8nGR8s">Mitochondrial carrier</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.30 <a href="/facts/Chloride_potassium_symporter/q8p8vV5p">Cation-Chloride Cotransporter</a> (CCC) Family</li> <li>2.A.31 <a href="/facts/Anion_exchanger_family/awa2BovD">Anion Exchanger Family</a></li> <li>2.A.32 The Silicon Transporter (Sit) Family</li> <li>2.A.33 <a href="/facts/Sodium-proton_antiporter/eea96gU6">NhaA Na+:H+ Antiporter</a> (NhaA) Family</li> <li>2.A.34 The NhaB Na+:H+ Antiporter (NhaB) Family</li> <li>2.A.35 The NhaC Na+:H+ Antiporter (NhaC) Family</li> <li>2.A.36 <a href="/facts/Monovalent_cation:proton_antiporter-1/G9GTR1hJ">Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-1</a> (CPA1) Family</li> <li>2.A.37 <a href="/facts/Monovalent_cation:proton_antiporter-2/6sH48t55">Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-2</a> (CPA2) Family</li> <li>2.A.38 <a href="/facts/Potassium_transporter_family/2uLav1cl">K+ Transporter (Trk)</a> Family</li> <li>2.A.39 <a href="/facts/Nucleobase_cation_symporter-1/PlccCuRW">Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-1</a> (NCS1) Family</li> <li>2.A.40 <a href="/facts/Nucleobase_cation_symporter-2/VGwtgIGw">Nucleobase:Cation Symporter-2</a> (NCS2) Family</li> <li>2.A.41 The Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter (CNT) Family</li> <li>2.A.42 The Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family</li> <li>2.A.43 The Lysosomal Cystine Transporter (LCT) Family</li> <li>2.A.45 <a href="/facts/Arsenite-antimonite_transporter/vnnrqlFK">Arsenite-Antimonite Efflux Family</a></li> <li>2.A.46 The Benzoate:H+ Symporter (BenE) Family</li> <li>2.A.47 <a href="/facts/Divalent_anion%E2%80%93sodium_symporter/4zQyPwts">Divalent Anion:Na+ Symporter</a> (DASS) Family</li> <li>2.A.48 The Reduced Folate Carrier (RFC) Family</li> <li>2.A.49 <a href="/facts/Chloride_channel/Ervc5tBe">Chloride Carrier/Channel</a> (ClC) Family</li> <li>2.A.50 The Glycerol Uptake (GUP) Family</li> <li>2.A.51 The Chromate Ion Transporter (CHR) Family</li> <li>2.A.52 The Ni2+-Co2+ Transporter (NiCoT) Family</li> <li>2.A.53 <a href="/facts/Sulfate_permease/BaFBH30u">Sulfate permease</a> (SulP) Family</li> <li>2.A.54 The Mitochondrial Tricarboxylate Carrier (MTC) Family</li> <li>2.A.55 <a href="/facts/Natural_Resistance-Associated_Macrophage_Proteins/1FwXD2Kx">The Metal Ion (Mn2+-iron) Transporter</a> (Nramp) Family</li> <li>2.A.56 The Tripartite ATP-independent Periplasmic Transporter (TRAP-T) Family</li> <li>2.A.57 The Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter (ENT) Family</li> <li>2.A.58 The Phosphate:Na+ Symporter (PNaS) Family</li> <li>2.A.59 The Arsenical Resistance-3 (ACR3) Family</li> <li>2.A.60 <a href="/facts/Organo_anion_transporter_family/koDJmWr7">Organo Anion Transporter</a> (OAT) Family</li> <li>2.A.61 The C4-dicarboxylate Uptake C (DcuC) Family</li> <li>2.A.62 The NhaD Na+:H+ Antiporter (NhaD) Family</li> <li>2.A.63 <a href="/facts/Monovalent_cation:proton_antiporter-3/LqK2HMN0">The Monovalent Cation (K+ or Na+):Proton Antiporter-3</a> (CPA3) Family</li> <li>2.A.64 <a href="/facts/Twin-arginine_translocation_pathway/gNmm2TPS">Twin Arginine Targeting (Tat) Family</a></li> <li>2.A.65 The Bilirubin Transporter (BRT) Family</li> <li>2.A.66 The Multidrug/Oligosaccharidyl-lipid/Polysaccharide (MOP) Flippase Superfamily</li> <li>2.A.67 The Oligopeptide Transporter (OPT) Family</li> <li>2.A.68 The p-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate Transporter (AbgT) Family</li> <li>2.A.69 The Auxin Efflux Carrier (AEC) Family</li> <li>2.A.70 The Malonate:Na+ Symporter (MSS) Family</li> <li>2.A.71 The Folate-Biopterin Transporter (FBT) Family</li> <li>2.A.72 The K+ Uptake Permease (KUP) Family</li> <li>2.A.73 The Short Chain Fatty Acid Uptake (AtoE) Family</li> <li>2.A.74 The 4 TMS Multidrug Endosomal Transporter (MET) Family</li> <li>2.A.75 The L-Lysine Exporter (LysE) Family</li> <li>2.A.76 The Resistance to Homoserine/Threonine (RhtB) Family</li> <li>2.A.77 The Cadmium Resistance (CadD) Family</li> <li>2.A.78 The Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family</li> <li>2.A.79 The Threonine/Serine Exporter (ThrE) Family</li> <li>2.A.80 The Tricarboxylate Transporter (TTT) Family</li> <li>2.A.81 The Aspartate:Alanine Exchanger (AAEx) Family</li> <li>2.A.82 The Organic Solute Transporter (OST) Family</li> <li>2.A.83 The Na+-dependent Bicarbonate Transporter (SBT) Family</li> <li>2.A.84 The Chloroplast Maltose Exporter (MEX) Family</li> <li>2.A.85 The Aromatic Acid Exporter (ArAE) Family</li> <li>2.A.86 The Autoinducer-2 Exporter (AI-2E) Family (Formerly the PerM Family, TC #9.B.22)</li> <li>2.A.87 The Prokaryotic Riboflavin Transporter (P-RFT) Family</li> <li>2.A.88 Vitamin Uptake Transporter (VUT or ECF) Family</li> <li>2.A.89 The Vacuolar Iron Transporter (VIT) Family</li> <li>2.A.90 <a href="/facts/Vitamin_A_receptor/8M7yAMTM">Vitamin A Receptor/Transporter</a> (STRA6) Family</li> <li>2.A.91 Mitochondrial tRNA Import Complex (M-RIC) (Formerly 9.C.8)</li> <li>2.A.92 The Choline Transporter-like (CTL) Family</li> <li>2.A.94 The Phosphate Permease (Pho1) Family</li> <li>2.A.95 The 6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family</li> <li>2.A.96 The Acetate Uptake Transporter (AceTr) Family</li> <li>2.A.97 The Mitochondrial Inner Membrane K+/H+ and Ca2+/H+ Exchanger (LetM1) Family</li> <li>2.A.98 The Putative Sulfate Exporter (PSE) Family</li> <li>2.A.99 The 6TMS Ni2+ uptake transporter (HupE-UreJ) Family</li> <li>2.A.100 The Ferroportin (Fpn) Family</li> <li>2.A.101 The Malonate Uptake (MatC) Family (Formerly UIT1)</li> <li>2.A.102 The 4-Toluene Sulfonate Uptake Permease (TSUP) Family</li> <li>2.A.103 The Bacterial Murein Precursor Exporter (MPE) Family</li> <li>2.A.104 The L-Alanine Exporter (AlaE) Family</li> <li>2.A.105 The Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) Family</li> <li>2.A.106 The Ca2+:H+ Antiporter-2 (CaCA2) Family</li> <li>2.A.107 The MntP Mn2+ Exporter (MntP) Family</li> <li>2.A.108 The Iron/Lead Transporter (ILT) Family</li> <li>2.A.109 The Tellurium Ion Resistance (TerC) Family</li> <li>2.A.110 The Heme Transporter, heme-responsive gene protein (HRG) Family</li> <li>2.A.111 The Na+/H+ Antiporter-E (NhaE) Family</li> <li>2.A.112 The KX Blood-group Antigen (KXA) Family</li> <li>2.A.113 The Nickel/cobalt Transporter (NicO) Family</li> <li>2.A.114 The Putative Peptide Transporter Carbon Starvation CstA (CstA) Family</li> <li>2.A.115 The Novobiocin Exporter (NbcE) Family</li> <li>2.A.116 The Peptidoglycolipid Addressing Protein (GAP) Family</li> <li>2.A.117 The Chlorhexadine Exporter (CHX) family</li> <li>2.A.118 The Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family</li> <li>2.A.119 The Organo-Arsenical Exporter (ArsP) Family</li> <li>2.A.120 The Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family</li> <li>2.A.121 The Sulfate Transporter (CysZ) Family</li> <li>2.A.122 The LrgB/CidB holin-like auxiliary protein (LrgB/CidB) Family</li> <li>2.A.123 The Sweet; PQ-loop; Saliva; MtN3 (Sweet) Family</li> <li>2.A.124 The Lysine Exporter (LysO) Family</li> <li>2.A.125 The Eukaryotic Riboflavin Transporter (E-RFT) Family</li> <li>2.A.126 The Fatty Acid Exporter (FAX) Family</li> <li>2.A.127 Enterobacterial Cardiolipin Transporter (CLT) Family</li></ul> <h4>2.B Nonribosomally synthesized porters</h4> <ul><li>2.B.1 The <a href="/facts/Valinomycin/uvFTYPQ9">Valinomycin</a> Carrier Family</li> <li>2.B.2 The <a href="/facts/Monensin/37gy8Mec">Monensin</a> Family</li> <li>2.B.3 The <a href="/facts/Nigericin/AwrEbtkA">Nigericin</a> Family</li> <li>2.B.4 The Macrotetrolide Antibiotic (MA) Family</li> <li>2.B.5 The Macrocyclic Polyether (MP) Family</li> <li>2.B.6 The <a href="/facts/Ionomycin/q77GSfXH">Ionomycin</a> Family</li> <li>2.B.7 The Transmembrane α-helical Peptide Phospholipid Translocation (TMP-PLT) Family</li> <li>2.B.8 The <a href="/facts/Bafilomycin/qn3NVA3U">Bafilomycin</a> A1 (Bafilomycin) Family</li> <li>2.B.9 The <a href="/facts/Cell_Penetrating_Peptide/fFTFqmKX">Cell Penetrating Peptide</a> (CPP) Functional Family</li> <li>2.B.10 The Synthetic CPP, Transportan Family</li> <li>2.B.11 The <a href="/facts/Calcimycin/NGYh0YMm">Calcimycin</a> or A23187 Carrier-type Ionophore Family</li> <li>2.B.12 The <a href="/facts/Salinomycin/aK2pkHpP">Salinomycin</a> Family</li> <li>2.B.13 The Tetrapyrrolic Macrocyclic Anion Antiporter (TPMC-AA) Family</li> <li>2.B.14 The Lasalocid A or X-537A Ionophore (Lasalocid) Family</li> <li>2.B.15 The Tris-thiourea Tripodal-based Chloride Carrier (TTT-CC) Family</li> <li>2.B.16 The Halogen-bond-containing Compound Anion Carrier (HCAC) Family</li> <li>2.B.17 The Isophthalaminde Derivative H+:Cl− Co-transporter (IDC) Family</li> <li>2.B.18 The Pyridine-2,6-Dicarboxamine Derivative (PDCA) H+:Cl− Co-transporter Family</li> <li>2.B.19 The Calix(4)pyrrole Derivative (C4P) Family</li> <li>2.B.20 The Prodigiosin (Prodigiosin) Chloride/Bicarbonate Exchanger Family</li> <li>2.B.21 The ortho-Phenylenediamine-bis-Urea Derivative Anion Transporter (oPDA-U) Family</li> <li>2.B.22 The Imidazolium-functionalized Anion Transporter (IAT) Family</li> <li>2.B.23 The Homotetrameric Transmembrane Zn2+/Co2+:Proton Synthetic Antiporter, Rocker (Rocker) Family</li> <li>2.B.24 The 2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine Anion Carrier (BBP-AC) Family</li> <li>2.B.25 The Peptide-mediated Lipid Flip-Flop (PLFF) Family</li> <li>2.B.26 The Bis(imidazolyl)-functionalized Bis(Choloyl) Conjugate (BIBCC) Family</li> <li>2.B.27 The Tris-Urea Anion Transporter Family</li> <li>2.B.29 The Anionophoric Marine Alkaloid <a href="/facts/Tambjamine/KHI7hxwg">Tambjamine</a> Family</li></ul> <h4>2.C Ion-gradient-driven energizers</h4> <ul><li>2.C.1 The TonB-ExbB-ExbD/TolA-TolQ-TolR (TonB) Family of Auxiliary Proteins for Energization of Outer Membrane Receptor (OMR)-mediated Active Transport</li></ul> <h3>3. <a href="/facts/Primary_active_transport/7EAcsfb2">Primary active transporters</a></h3> <h4>3.A. P-P-bond hydrolysis-driven transporters</h4> <ul><li>3.A.1 <a href="/facts/ABC_transporter/aXPf4sA9">ABC transporters</a> including BtuCD, molybdate uptake transporter, <a href="/facts/Cystic_fibrosis_transmembrane_conductance_regulator/02a5WJ5n">Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator</a> and others</li> <li>3.A.2 The H+- or Na+-translocating <a href="/facts/F-type_ATPase/gw2r7PUE">F-type ATPase</a>, <a href="/facts/V-type_ATPase/K1Lh2P3j">V-type ATPase</a> and A-type ATPase superfamily</li> <li>3.A.3 <a href="/facts/P-type_ATPase/9PCbqUNF">The P-type ATPase</a> Superfamily</li> <li>3.A.4 <a href="/facts/ArsB_and_ArsAB_transporters/mAau2gwQ">The Arsenite-Antimonite efflux</a> family</li> <li>3.A.5 <a href="/facts/SecY_protein/8XVhUN3u">General secretory pathway</a> (Sec) <a href="/facts/Translocon/qfPhCvM5">translocon</a> (preprotein translocase SecY)</li> <li>3.A.6 The Type III (Virulence-related) Secretory Pathway (IIISP) Family</li> <li>3.A.7 The Type IV (Conjugal DNA-Protein Transfer or VirB) Secretory Pathway (IVSP) Family</li> <li>3.A.8 The Mitochondrial Protein Translocase (MPT) Family</li> <li>3.A.9 The Chloroplast Envelope Protein Translocase (CEPT or Tic-Toc) Family</li> <li>3.A.10 <a href="/facts/H%2B,_Na%2B-translocating_pyrophosphatase_family/NFzfdywo">H+, Na+-translocating Pyrophosphatase</a> family</li> <li>3.A.11 The Bacterial Competence-related DNA Transformation Transporter (DNA-T) Family</li> <li>3.A.12 The Septal DNA Translocator (S-DNA-T) Family</li> <li>3.A.13 The Filamentous Phage Exporter (FPhE) Family</li> <li>3.A.14 The Fimbrilin/Protein Exporter (FPE) Family</li> <li>3.A.15 The Outer Membrane Protein Secreting Main Terminal Branch (MTB) Family</li> <li>3.A.16 The Endoplasmic Reticular Retrotranslocon (ER-RT) Family</li> <li>3.A.17 The Phage T7 Injectisome (T7 Injectisome) Family</li> <li>3.A.18 The Nuclear mRNA Exporter (mRNA-E) Family</li> <li>3.A.19 The TMS Recognition/Insertion Complex (TRC) Family</li> <li>3.A.20 The Peroxisomal Protein Importer (PPI) Family</li> <li>3.A.21 The C-terminal Tail-Anchored Membrane Protein Biogenesis/ Insertion Complex (TAMP-B) Family</li> <li>3.A.22 The Transcription-coupled TREX/TAP Nuclear mRNA Export Complex (TREX) Family</li> <li>3.A.23 The Type VI Symbiosis/Virulence Secretory Pathway (VISP) Family</li> <li>3.A.24 Type VII or ESX Protein Secretion System (T7SS) Family</li> <li>3.A.25 The Symbiont-specific ERAD-like Machinery (SELMA) Family</li> <li>3.A.26 The Plasmodium Translocon of Exported proteins (PTEX) Family</li></ul> <h4>3.B Decarboxylation-driven transporters</h4> <ul><li>3.B.1 The Na+-transporting Carboxylic Acid Decarboxylase (NaT-DC) Family</li></ul> <h4>3.C Methyltransfer-driven transporters</h4> <ul><li>3.C.1 The Na+ Transporting Methyltetrahydromethanopterin:Coenzyme M Methyltransferase (NaT-MMM) Family</li></ul> <h4>3.D. Oxidoreduction-driven transporters</h4> <p>They include a number of transmembrane <a href="/facts/Cytochrome_b/eTCkFSD8">cytochrome b</a>-like proteins including <a href="/facts/Coenzyme_Q_-_cytochrome_c_reductase/ks7D8CzI">coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase</a> (cytochrome bc1 ); <a href="/facts/Cytochrome_b6f_complex/W1V0MjYM">cytochrome b6f complex</a>; formate dehydrogenase, respiratory <a href="/facts/Nitrate_reductase/7VANS3ab">nitrate reductase</a>; <a href="/facts/Succinate_-_coenzyme_Q_reductase/AswKYLm3">succinate - coenzyme Q reductase</a> (fumarate reductase); and <a href="/facts/Succinate_dehydrogenase/AswKYLm3">succinate dehydrogenase</a>. See <a href="/facts/Electron_transport_chain/QjcIkgeR">electron transport chain</a>. </p> <ul><li>3.D.1 <a href="/facts/NADH:ubiquinone_reductase_(H%2B-translocating)/Vn8Lf26t">The H+ or Na+-translocating NADH Dehydrogenase</a> ("complex I") family</li> <li>3.D.2 The Proton-translocating Transhydrogenase (PTH) Family</li> <li>3.D.3 <a href="/facts/Cytochrome_c_nitrite_reductase/YruQWCb9">The Proton-translocating Quinol:Cytochrome c Reductase</a>) Superfamily</li> <li>3.D.4 <a href="/facts/Cytochrome_c_oxidase/U67QVCv8">Proton-translocating Cytochrome Oxidase</a> (COX) Superfamily</li> <li>3.D.5 The Na+-translocating NADH:Quinone Dehydrogenase (Na-NDH or NQR) Family</li> <li>3.D.6 The Putative Ion (H+ or Na+)-translocating NADH:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (NFO or RNF) Family</li> <li>3.D.7 The H2:Heterodisulfide Oxidoreductase (HHO) Family</li> <li>3.D.8 The Na+- or H+-Pumping Formyl Methanofuran Dehydrogenase (FMF-DH) Family</li> <li>3.D.9 The H+-translocating F420H2 Dehydrogenase (F420H2DH) Family</li> <li>3.D.10 The Prokaryotic Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) Family</li></ul> <h4>3.E. Light absorption-driven transporters</h4> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bacteriorhodopsin/nlfvmDPm">Bacteriorhodopsin</a>-like proteins including <a href="/facts/Rhodopsin/BM1wUdgl">rhodopsin</a> (see also <a href="/facts/Opsin/5kBeewYI">opsin</a>)</li> <li>Bacterial <a href="/facts/Photosynthetic_reaction_centre/SNdpK0Dp">photosynthetic reaction centres</a> and <a href="/facts/Photosystem/80xW3Cpm">photosystems</a> I and II</li> <li><a href="/facts/Light_harvesting_complex/jwAEMRUN">Light harvesting complexes</a> from <a href="/facts/Bacteria/wC8xSCsU">bacteria</a> and <a href="/facts/Chloroplasts/fo8U3yTx">chloroplasts</a></li></ul> <h3>4. Group translocators</h3> <h4>4.A Phosphotransfer-driven group translocators</h4> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/PTS-GFL_superfamily/xa3W3GAN">PTS-GFL superfamily</a></p> <ul><li>4.A.1 <a href="/facts/The_PTS_glucose-glucoside_(Glc)_family/GzFuIg8S">The PTS Glucose-Glucoside (Glc) Family</a></li> <li>4.A.2 The PTS Fructose-Mannitol (Fru) Family</li> <li>4.A.3 The PTS Lactose-N,N'-Diacetylchitobiose-β-glucoside (Lac) Family</li> <li>4.A.4 The PTS Glucitol (Gut) Family</li> <li>4.A.5 The PTS Galactitol (Gat) Family</li> <li>4.A.6 <a href="/facts/PTS_Mannose-Fructose-Sorbose_Family/HNSSQPjk">The PTS Mannose-Fructose-Sorbose (Man) Family</a></li> <li>4.A.7 The PTS L-Ascorbate (L-Asc) Family</li></ul> <h4>4.B Nicotinamide ribonucleoside uptake transporters</h4> <ul><li>4.B.1 The Nicotinamide Ribonucleoside (NR) Uptake Permease (PnuC) Family</li></ul> <h4>4.C Acyl CoA ligase-coupled transporters</h4> <ul><li>4.C.1 The Proposed Fatty Acid Transporter (FAT) Family</li> <li>4.C.2 The Carnitine O-Acyl Transferase (CrAT) Family</li> <li>4.C.3 The Acyl-CoA Thioesterase (AcoT) Family</li></ul> <h4>4.D Polysaccharide Synthase/Exporters</h4> <ul><li>4.D.1 The Putative Vectorial Glycosyl Polymerization (VGP) Family</li> <li>4.D.2 The Glycosyl Transferase 2 (GT2) Family</li> <li>4.D.3 The Glycan Glucosyl Transferase (OpgH) Family</li></ul> <h4>4.E. Vacuolar Polyphosphate Polymerase-catalyzed Group Translocators</h4> <ul><li>4.E.1 The Vacuolar (Acidocalcisome) Polyphosphate Polymerase (V-PPP) Family</li></ul> <h3>5. Transport electron carriers</h3> <h4>5.A Transmembrane 2-electron transfer carriers</h4> <ul><li>5.A.1 The Disulfide Bond Oxidoreductase D (DsbD) Family</li> <li>5.A.2 The Disulfide Bond Oxidoreductase B (DsbB) Family</li> <li>5.A.3 The Prokaryotic Molybdopterin-containing Oxidoreductase (PMO) Family</li></ul> <h4>5.B Transmembrane 1-electron transfer carriers</h4> <ul><li>5.B.1 The Phagocyte (<a href="/facts/Gp91phox/LAM5G4Hf">gp91phox</a>) <a href="/facts/NADPH_oxidase/x0f5sfNn">NADPH Oxidase</a> Family</li> <li>5.B.2 The Eukaryotic <a href="/facts/Cytochrome_b561/SP5XQQap">Cytochrome b561</a> (Cytb561) Family</li> <li>5.B.3 The Geobacter Nanowire Electron Transfer (G-NET) Family</li> <li>5.B.4 The Plant Photosystem I Supercomplex (PSI) Family</li> <li>5.B.5 The Extracellular Metal Oxido-Reductase (EMOR) Family</li> <li>5.B.6 The <a href="/facts/STEAP3/z77rBmeq">Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen Protein-3</a> Ferric Reductase (STEAP) Family</li> <li>5.B.7 The <a href="/facts/YedZ_family/zL9vIIvX">YedZ (YedZ) Family</a></li> <li>5.B.8 The Trans-Outer Membrane Electron Transfer Porin/Cytochrome Complex (ET-PCC) Family</li> <li>5.B.9 The Porin-Cytochrome c (Cyc2) Family</li></ul> <h3>8. Accessory factors involved in transport</h3> <h4>8.A Auxiliary transport proteins</h4> <h4>8.B Ribosomally synthesized protein/peptide toxins that target channels and carriers</h4> <h4>8.C Non-ribosomally synthesized toxins that target channels and carriers</h4> <h3>9. Incompletely characterized transport systems</h3> <h4>9.A Recognized transporters of unknown biochemical mechanism</h4> <h4>9.B Putative transport proteins</h4> <h4>9.C Functionally characterized transporters lacking identified sequences</h4> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.tcdb.org/">Transporter Classification Database</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/mtp/">List</a> at qmul.ac.uk</li> <li>Saier MH, Tran CV, Barabote RD (January 2006). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1334385">"TCDB: the Transporter Classification Database for membrane transport protein analyses and information"</a>. <i>Nucleic Acids Res</i>. 34 (Database issue): D181–6. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnar%2Fgkj001">10.1093/nar/gkj001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1334385">1334385</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16381841">16381841</a>.</li> <li>Busch W, Saier MH (2002). "The transporter classification (TC) system, 2002". <i>Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol</i>. 37 (5): 287–337. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10409230290771528">10.1080/10409230290771528</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12449427">12449427</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10558982">10558982</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=TRANSPORTER">Classification of human transporters in pharmacology</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Saier, Milton H.; Reddy, Vamsee S.; Tamang, Dorjee G.; Västermark, Åke (January 2014). "The Transporter Classification Database". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (D1): D251 – D258. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1097. PMC 3964967. PMID 24225317. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964967" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3964967</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Saier, M. H.; Yen, M. R.; Noto, K.; Tamang, D. G.; Elkan, C. (1 January 2009). "The Transporter Classification Database: recent advances". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (Database): D274 – D278. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn862. PMC 2686586. PMID 19022853. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686586" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686586</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Saier, M. H.; Tran, C. V.; Barabote, R. D. (1 January 2006). "TCDB: the Transporter Classification Database for membrane transport protein analyses and information". Nucleic Acids Research. 34 (90001): D181 – D186. doi:10.1093/nar/gkj001. PMC 1334385. PMID 16381841. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1334385" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1334385</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>