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Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation
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<h2 id="the-personnel-evaluation-standards">The Personnel Evaluation Standards</h2> <p>The second edition of the Personnel Evaluation Standards (2008) is based on knowledge about personnel evaluation gained from the professional literature and research/development since 1988. In this edition, six new standards were added to the original 21 of the first edition. The Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation requires that personnel evaluations be ethical, fair, useful, feasible, and accurate. The standards also provide special consideration to issues of diversity. </p><p>It is not the intent of these standards to design or promote specific systems of evaluation, rather to ensure that whatever system is in place provides a sound process most likely to produce the desired results. </p><p>The four attributes of sound educational evaluation practices are: </p> <ul><li>The propriety standards require that evaluations be conducted legally, ethically, and with due regard for the welfare of evaluatees and clients involved in. There are seven standards under this attribute which include service orientation, appropriate policies and procedures, access to evaluation information, interactions with evaluatees, comprehensive evaluation, conflict of interest, and legal viability.</li> <li>The utility standards are intended to guide evaluations so that they will be informative, timely, and influential. There are six standards under this attribute which include constructive orientation, defined uses, evaluator qualifications, explicit criteria, functional reporting, and follow-up/professional development.</li> <li>The feasibility standards call for evaluation systems that are as easy to implement as possible, efficient in their use of time and resources, adequately funded, and viable from a number of other standpoints. There are three standards under this attribute including practical procedures, political viability, and fiscal viability.</li> <li>The accuracy standards require that the obtained information be technically accurate and that conclusions be linked logically to the data. There are eleven standards under this attribute including validity orientation, defined expectations, analysis of context, documented purposes and procedures, defensible information, systemic data control, bias identification and management, analysis of information, justified conclusions, and metaevaluation.</li></ul> <h2 id="the-program-evaluation-standards">The Program Evaluation Standards</h2> <ul><li>The utility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will serve the information needs of intended users. The utility standards for program evaluation incorporate the following:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li>Stakeholder Identification: the people involved in the evaluation and those who will be affected by the evaluation must be identified so that their needs can be addressed.</li> <li>Evaluator Credibility: the people conducting the evaluation must be trustworthy and competent to perform the evaluation in order for the evaluation's findings to achieve maximum credibility and acceptance.</li> <li>Information Scope and Selection: the collected information must be broadly selected so that it addresses pertinent questions about the program and is able to be responsive to the needs and interests of clients and other specified stakeholders.</li> <li>Values Identification: the perspectives, procedures and rationale used to interpret the findings of the evaluation should be carefully described so that the bases for value judgments are clear.</li> <li>Report Clarity: an evaluation report must precisely describe the program being evaluated, including its context, purposes, procedures and findings so that the essential information is provided and easy to understand.</li> <li>Report Timelines and Dissemination: evaluation reports and any significant interim findings should be disseminated to intended users so that they may be used in a timely fashion.</li> <li>Evaluation Impact: the way an evaluation is planned, conducted and reported should encourage follow-through by stakeholders in order to increase the likelihood that the evaluation will be used.</li></ul> <ul><li>The feasibility standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will be realistic, prudent, diplomatic, and frugal. The feasibility standards for program evaluation incorporate the following:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li>Practical Procedures: evaluation procedures should be practical in order to keep disruption to a minimum while relevant and needed information is obtained.</li> <li>Political Viability: whilst planning and conducting the evaluation one must anticipate the different positions of various interest groups so that their co-operation may be obtained. This will also allow one to avert or counteract any possible attempts by these groups to obstruct evaluation operations or to bias or misapply the evaluation's results.</li> <li>Cost Effectiveness: a good evaluation should be efficient and produce information of sufficient value to justify the use of available resources.</li></ul> <ul><li>The propriety standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will be conducted legally, ethically, and with due regard for the welfare of those involved in the evaluation, as well as those affected by its results. The propriety standards for program evaluation incorporate the following:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li>Service Orientation</li> <li>Formal Agreement</li> <li>Rights of Human Subjects</li> <li>Human Interactions</li> <li>Complete and Fair Assessment</li> <li>Disclosure of Findings</li> <li>Conflict of Interest</li> <li>Fiscal Responsibility</li></ul> <ul><li>The accuracy standards are intended to ensure that an evaluation will reveal and convey technically adequate information about the features that determine worth or merit of the program being evaluated. The accuracy standards for program evaluation incorporate the following:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li></ul> <ul><li>Program Documentation</li> <li>Context Analysis</li> <li>Described Purposes and Procedures</li> <li>Defensible Information Sources</li> <li>Valid Information</li> <li>Reliable Information</li> <li>Systematic Information</li> <li>Analysis of Quantitative Information</li> <li>Analysis of Qualitative Information</li> <li>Justified Conclusions</li> <li>Impartial Reporting</li> <li>Meta-Evaluation</li></ul> <h2 id="the-student-evaluation-standards">The Student Evaluation Standards</h2> <ul><li>The Propriety standards help ensure that student evaluations are conducted lawfully, ethically, and with regard to the rights of students and other persons affected by student evaluation.</li> <li>The Utility standards promote the design and implementation of informative, timely, and useful student evaluations.</li> <li>The Feasibility standards help ensure that student evaluations are practical; viable; cost-effective; and culturally, socially, and politically appropriate.</li> <li>The Accuracy standards help ensure that student evaluations will provide sound, accurate, and credible information about student learning and performance.</li></ul> <h2 id="sponsoring-organizations">Sponsoring Organizations</h2> <p>The Joint Committee includes sixteen Sponsoring Organizations that reflect a balance of primarily client practitioner and evaluation technical specialist perspectives. These organizations appoint and sponsor a member of the Joint Committee. Each Sponsoring Organization is kept informed of the work of the Joint Committee and is afforded an opportunity to contribute to the standard-setting process. Sponsoring Organizations include the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="http://www.aasa.org/">American Association of School Administrators (AASA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.counseling.org/">American Counseling Association (ACA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.aera.net/">American Educational Research Association (AERA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.eval.org/">American Evaluation Association (AEA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.aihec.org/">American Indian Higher Education Consortium (AIHEC)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.apa.org/">American Psychological Association (APA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.evaluationcanada.ca/">Canadian Evaluation Society (CES)</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060203202622/http://csse.ca/">Canadian Society for the Study of Education (CSSE)</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209162554/http://www.wmich.edu/evalctr/create/">Consortium for Research on Educational Assessment and Teacher Effectiveness (CREATE)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ccsso.org/">Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.naesp.org/">National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nasponline.org/">National Association of School Psychologists (NASP)</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060214050145/http://www.infolit.org/members/nassp.htm">National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP)</a></li> <li><a href="http://ncme.org/">National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nea.org/">National Education Association (NEA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090705111458/http://www.ncsl.org/programs/nlpes/">National Legislative Program Evaluation Society (NLPES)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nrea.net/">National Rural Education Association (NREA)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="executive-committee">Executive committee</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Member</th><th>Current Term</th><th>Organization</th></tr><tr><td>Dr. Donald Yarbrough</td><td>2009-2012</td><td>Chair, At-Large Member</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Patricia McDivitt</td><td>2009-2012</td><td>Vice-Chair, Association for Assessment in Counseling and Education</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Stephan Henry</td><td>2007-2010</td><td>American Educational Research Association</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Flora Caruthers</td><td>2010-2013</td><td>National Legislative Program Evaluation Society</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Leslie Lukin</td><td>2010-2013</td><td>National Council on Measurement in Education</td></tr><tr><td>Dr. Patricia L. Hardre</td><td>2012-2015</td><td>National Rural Education Association</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ol><li>^ <a href="http://www.jcsee.org/">Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation</a></li> <li>^ Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (1988). The Personnel Evaluation Standards: How to Assess Systems for Evaluating Educators. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.</li> <li>^ Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (2011). The Program Evaluation Standards. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.</li> <li>^ Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation. (2003). The Student Evaluation Standards: How to Improve Evaluations of Students. Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.</li> <li>^ ANSI Membership Directory. <i><a href="http://eseries.ansi.org/Source/directory/">ANSI Member Organizations</a></i></li> <li>^ ANSI Online Library - JCSEE Directory. <i><a href="http://webstore.ansi.org/FindStandards.aspx?Action=displaydept&DeptID=3165&Acro=JCSEE">Publication Listing</a></i></li></ol> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.ansi.org/">American National Standards Institute</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Programme Policy and Procedures Manual: Programme Operations, UNICEF, New York, Revised May 2003, pp.109-120. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Programme Policy and Procedures Manual: Programme Operations, UNICEF, New York, Revised May 2003, pp.109-120. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Programme Policy and Procedures Manual: Programme Operations, UNICEF, New York, Revised May 2003, pp.109-120. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Programme Policy and Procedures Manual: Programme Operations, UNICEF, New York, Revised May 2003, pp.109-120. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>