In simulation, the first goal of the system designer is to construct a system which can support a task to be accomplished, and to record the learner's task performance for any particular trial. The task(s)—and therefore, the task performance—on the simulator should be representative of the real world that they model. Face validity is a subjective measure of the extent to which this selection appears reasonable "on the face of it"—that is, subjectively to an expert after only a superficial examination of the content.
Some assume that it is representative of the realism of the system, according to users and others who are knowledgeable about the real system being simulated.5 Those would say that if these experts feel the model is adequate, then it has face validity. However, in fact face validity refers to the test, not the system.
Holden, Ronald B. (2010). "Face validity". In Weiner, Irving B.; Craighead, W. Edward (eds.). The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. pp. 637–638. ISBN 978-0-470-17024-3. 978-0-470-17024-3 ↩
Gravetter, Frederick J.; Forzano, Lori-Ann B. (2012). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (4th ed.). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-111-34225-8. 978-1-111-34225-8 ↩
"University of Salford: School of Community, Health Sciences and Social Care". Archived from the original on 2007-06-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20070625051652/http://www.chssc.salford.ac.uk/healthSci/resmeth2000/resmeth/validity.htm ↩
Anastasi, A. (1988). Psychological testing. New York: Macmillan. p. 144. ISBN 0023030208. 0023030208 ↩
Banks, J. (2005). Discrete-Event System Simulation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0136062127.[page needed] 978-0136062127 ↩