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Rollup
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Rollups are almost as old as modern commerce, with some early capitalists persuading their competitors to sell out. The trend reached a peak during the 19th century era of the <a href="/facts/Robber_baron_(industrialist)/A7vFpU7Q">robber barons</a>, when people like <a href="/facts/Andrew_Carnegie/rUwABKWN">Andrew Carnegie</a> were consolidating heavy industry and <a href="/facts/John_D._Rockefeller/v4JcIDq7">John D. Rockefeller</a> was aggregating the oil industry. <a href="/facts/James_Buchanan_Duke/bGGopvCq">James Buchanan Duke</a> bought so many manufacturers that at one point he was controlling 80% of the <a href="/facts/Tobacco_industry/Rzx61l8K">tobacco business</a> in the US and a huge share of the international trade. These monopolistic attempts concerned authorities and led to a series of anti-trust laws and measures in the early 20th century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>Kraft Foods (now renamed <a href="/facts/Mondel%C4%93z_International/XJ5Jwbcf">Mondelēz International</a>), created in 1923, was an important rollup in the food industry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Waste_Management,_Inc/rNgEmTxA">Waste Management</a> was the most notable rollup during the 1970s and 1980s. Waste Management's acquisition of 133 small-time haulers quickly became the largest waste disposal company in the US. <a href="/facts/AutoNation/hU3b3g5K">AutoNation</a> was also a rollup effort in the car dealership space spearheaded by <a href="/facts/Wayne_Huizenga/URCzrfKQ">Wayne Huizenga</a>, founder of Waste Management.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>A recent rollup is <a href="/facts/Valeant_Pharmaceuticals_International/TSbH36o5">Valeant Pharmaceuticals International</a> that used more than $30 billion to acquire over 100 companies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ideal_firm_size/GHaosGIB">Ideal firm size</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Economies_of_scale/gtAYHuNT">Economies of scale</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kelley, William A. (1998) [1998]. Real Estate Investment Trusts Handbook (Second ed.). Philadelphia, PA: American Law Institute – American Bar Association. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-8318-0789-4. <a href="978-0-8318-0789-4" target="_blank">978-0-8318-0789-4</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Hoffmann, Norman W. (2012). Mergers and Acquisitions Strategy for Consolidations: Roll Up, Roll Out and Innovate for Superior Growth and Returns. New York, Chicago, IL and San Francisco, CA: McGraw Hill Professional. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-07-179343-8. <a href="978-0-07-179343-8" target="_blank">978-0-07-179343-8</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Kuratko, Donald F. (2014) [2009]. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice (Ninth ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 506. ISBN 978-1-285-53182-3. <a href="978-1-285-53182-3" target="_blank">978-1-285-53182-3</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Kuratko, Donald F. (2014) [2009]. Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice (Ninth ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. p. 506. ISBN 978-1-285-53182-3. <a href="978-1-285-53182-3" target="_blank">978-1-285-53182-3</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hoffmann, Norman W. (2012). Mergers and Acquisitions Strategy for Consolidations: Roll Up, Roll Out and Innovate for Superior Growth and Returns. New York, Chicago, IL and San Francisco, CA: McGraw Hill Professional. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-07-179343-8. <a href="978-0-07-179343-8" target="_blank">978-0-07-179343-8</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Siegert, Lars (2014). Sustainable development approaches in the food and beverage industry: A comparison between Nestlé SA and Kraft Foods Inc. Hamburg, Germany: Anchor Academic Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-3-95489-576-2. <a href="978-3-95489-576-2" target="_blank">978-3-95489-576-2</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Vaughn, Jacqueline (2009). Waste Management: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. pp. 154. ISBN 978-1-59884-150-3. Waste Management company. <a href="978-1-59884-150-3" target="_blank">978-1-59884-150-3</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ireland, R. Duane; Hoskisson, Robert E.; Hitt, Michael A. (2009) [2007]. Understanding Business Strategy: Concepts and Cases (Second ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. pp. C-245. ISBN 978-0-324-57899-7. <a href="978-0-324-57899-7" target="_blank">978-0-324-57899-7</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>