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Khmer (Unicode block)
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<h2 id="block">Block</h2> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="17">Khmer[1][2][3]<a href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1780.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>D</td><td>E</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><td>U+178x</td><td>ក</td><td>ខ</td><td>គ</td><td>ឃ</td><td>ង</td><td>ច</td><td>ឆ</td><td>ជ</td><td>ឈ</td><td>ញ</td><td>ដ</td><td>ឋ</td><td>ឌ</td><td>ឍ</td><td>ណ</td><td>ត</td></tr><tr><td>U+179x</td><td>ថ</td><td>ទ</td><td>ធ</td><td>ន</td><td>ប</td><td>ផ</td><td>ព</td><td>ភ</td><td>ម</td><td>យ</td><td>រ</td><td>ល</td><td>វ</td><td>ឝ</td><td>ឞ</td><td>ស</td></tr><tr><td>U+17Ax</td><td>ហ</td><td>ឡ</td><td>អ</td><td>ឣ</td><td>ឤ</td><td>ឥ</td><td>ឦ</td><td>ឧ</td><td>ឨ</td><td>ឩ</td><td>ឪ</td><td>ឫ</td><td>ឬ</td><td>ឭ</td><td>ឮ</td><td>ឯ</td></tr><tr><td>U+17Bx</td><td>ឰ</td><td>ឱ</td><td>ឲ</td><td>ឳ</td><td> KIV AQ</td><td> KIV AA</td><td>ា</td><td>ិ</td><td>ី</td><td>ឹ</td><td>ឺ</td><td>ុ</td><td>ូ</td><td>ួ</td><td>ើ</td><td>ឿ</td></tr><tr><td>U+17Cx</td><td>ៀ</td><td>េ</td><td>ែ</td><td>ៃ</td><td>ោ</td><td>ៅ</td><td>ំ</td><td>ះ</td><td>ៈ</td><td>៉</td><td>៊</td><td>់</td><td>៌</td><td>៍</td><td>៎</td><td>៏</td></tr><tr><td>U+17Dx</td><td>័</td><td>៑</td><td> ្ </td><td>៓</td><td>។</td><td>៕</td><td>៖</td><td>ៗ</td><td>៘</td><td>៙</td><td>៚</td><td>៛</td><td>ៜ</td><td>៝</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U+17Ex</td><td>០</td><td>១</td><td>២</td><td>៣</td><td>៤</td><td>៥</td><td>៦</td><td>៧</td><td>៨</td><td>៩</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U+17Fx</td><td>៰</td><td>៱</td><td>៲</td><td>៳</td><td>៴</td><td>៵</td><td>៶</td><td>៷</td><td>៸</td><td>៹</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="17">Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points3.^ U+17A3 and U+17A4 are deprecated as of Unicode versions 4.0 and 5.2 respectively</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Khmer block: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Version</a></th><th>Final code points<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></th><th>Count</th><th><a href="/facts/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards/CXq4JYfR">L2</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2/IcW7grUW">WG2</a> ID</th><th>Document</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="51">3.0</td><td rowspan="51">U+1780..17DC, 17E0..17E9</td><td rowspan="51">103</td><td>L2/97-040</td><td><a href="https://www.evertype.com/standards/km/km.html">N1524</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Michael_Everson/8Se2cLdz">Everson, Michael</a> (1997-01-22), <i>Proposal for encoding the Khmer script in ISO 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td>L2/97-194</td><td></td><td>Bauhahn, Maurice (1997-07-30), <i>Proposal for Encoding of the Khmer Script</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1997/97255r.pdf">L2/97-255R</a></td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan (1997-12-03), "Khmer [L2/194]", <i>Approved Minutes – UTC #73 & L2 #170 joint meeting, Palo Alto, CA – August 4-5, 1997</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98039.pdf">L2/98-039</a></td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-02-24), "3.A.2. Khmer", <i>Preliminary Minutes - UTC #74 & L2 #171, Mountain View, CA - December 5, 1997</i></td></tr><tr><td>L2/98-101</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1729.pdf">N1729</a></td><td><i>Ad-hoc report on Burmese and Khmer</i>, 1998-03-18</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98175.pdf">L2/98-175</a></td><td>N1779</td><td><i>Text for PDAM registration and consideration ballot for ISO 10646-1 Amendment 25 - Khmer</i>, 1998-05-11</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1825.doc">N1825</a></td><td>Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-11), <i>PDAM25 - Khmer cover sheet</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1825khmer.pdf">N1825.1</a></td><td>Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-11), <i>PDAM25 - Khmer full text</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98158.html">L2/98-158</a></td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Khmer", <i>Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998</i></td></tr><tr><td>L2/98-286</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc">N1703</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.17", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20</i></td></tr><tr><td>L2/98-359</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1856.pdf">N1856</a></td><td>Sato, T. K. (1998-08-21), <i>Addition of Rial sign on ISO/IEC 10646-1</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3201.pdf">L2/98-324</a></td><td>N1901</td><td><i>ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 25, AMENDMENT 25: Khmer</i>, 1998-10-23</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3199.htm">L2/98-341</a></td><td></td><td><i>Disposition of comments report on SC2 N3105, ISO 10646 Amd. 25: Khmer</i>, 1998-10-23</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1911_02n3201_fpdam25_khmer.pdf">N1911</a></td><td>Paterson, Bruce; Everson, Michael (1998-10-23), <i>Text of FPDAM 25 - Khmer - SC2 N3201</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf">L2/99-010</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf">N1903 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm">html</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "6.7.8", <i>Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/02n3318.pdf">L2/99-128</a></td><td></td><td>Paterson, Bruce (1999-04-14), <i>Text for FDAM ballot ISO/IEC 10646 FDAM #25 - Khmer</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/N2003.pdf">L2/99-232</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2003.pdf">N2003</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "6.2.8 FPDAM25 – Khmer script", <i>Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00009-n2149.pdf">L2/00-009</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2149.doc">N2149</a></td><td>Sato, T. K. (2000-01-05), <i>Khmer Up-Date</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00056-n2164.pdf">L2/00-056</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2164.doc">N2164</a></td><td>Sato, T. K. (2000-02-23), <i>AMD-25 (Khmer) correction request</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00109-khmer-corr.htm">L2/00-109</a></td><td></td><td>Suignard, Michel (2000-04-06), <i>Corrections to Khmer character tables in 10646 and Unicode</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00234-n2203m.pdf">L2/00-234</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.rtf">N2203 (rtf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.txt">txt</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.1", <i>Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00338-n2274.pdf">L2/00-338</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2274.pdf">N2274</a></td><td><i>Working Draft of Tables & Character Names for Editorial correction to Khmer for 10646-1:2000</i>, 2000-09-19</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01307-Myanmar-ken.txt">L2/01-307</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2001-08-06), <i>Serious bug in Khmer, Myanmar combining classes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01308-myanmar-hosken.htm">L2/01-308</a></td><td></td><td>Hosken, Martin; Whistler, Ken (2001-08-08), <i>Serious bug in Khmer, Myanmar combining classes</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01310-khmer.htm">L2/01-310</a></td><td></td><td>McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken (2001-08-12), <i>Khmer issues on the Horizon</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01372-N2380-Cambodian.pdf">L2/01-372</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2380.pdf">N2380</a></td><td><i>Cambodian official objection to the existing Khmer block in UCS</i>, 2001-10-08</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01382-n2385-response-to-n2380.pdf">L2/01-382</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2385.pdf">N2385</a></td><td>Bauhahn, Maurice; Everson, Michael (2001-10-11), <i>Response to Cambodian official objection to Khmer block (N2380)</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01421-n2380r.pdf">L2/01-421</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2380r.pdf">N2380R</a></td><td><i>Cambodian official objection to the existing Khmer block in UCS</i>, 2001-10-14</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01394-02n3571.pdf">L2/01-394</a></td><td></td><td>Phu, Leewood (2001-10-17), <i>Letter from Cambodia to JTC 1 Chairman Regarding Khmer Character Encoding in ISO/IEC 10646</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01443-N2406.pdf">L2/01-443</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2406.pdf">N2406</a></td><td><i>Response to WG2 Document N2385, 2001-10-11</i>, 2001-11-04</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01476-khmer-order6.pdf">L2/01-476</a></td><td></td><td>Karlsson, Kent (2001-12-19), <i>Ordering rules for Khmer</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02016-whistler.pdf">L2/02-016</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2002-01-14), <i>Character Properties for repetition marks</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02017-whistler.pdf">L2/02-017</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2002-01-14), <i>Character Properties for avagrahas, etc.</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02073-cambodian.htm">L2/02-073</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Mark_Davis_(Unicode)/9xdIRMGW">Davis, Mark</a> (2002-02-08), <i>Cambodian</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02097-KhmerDeprecate.pdf">L2/02-097</a></td><td></td><td>Chea, Sok Huor; Lao, Kim Leang; Harada, Shiro; Klein, Norbert (2002-02-13), <i>Proposal to deprecate Khmer characters</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02131-N2412-khmer.pdf">L2/02-131</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2412.pdf">N2412</a></td><td>Everson, Michael (2002-03-31), <i>On the suitability of the COENG encoding model for Khmer</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02154-n2403-minutes.pdf">L2/02-154</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2403.pdf">N2403</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-04-22), "5.1", <i>Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02196-response-to-n2412.pdf">L2/02-196</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2458.pdf">N2458</a></td><td>Harada, Shiro (2002-05-03), <i>On the Unsuitability of "COENG encoding model" for Khmer</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02211-n2459-cambodian-stance.pdf">L2/02-211</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2459.pdf">N2459</a></td><td><i>Cambodian stance regarding Khmer code table in Unicode 3.2</i>, 2002-05-14</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2459r.pdf">N2459R</a></td><td><i>Revised Cambodian stance regarding Khmer code table in Unicode</i>, 2002-05-20</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html">L2/02-166R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Consensus 91-C5", <i>UTC #91 Minutes</i>, Leave the ROBAT as it is in the standard today (do not deprecate) and document its use appropriately.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02070.htm">L2/02-070</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-08-26), "Consensus 90-C1, Consensus 90-C2, and Motion 90-M9", <i>Minutes for UTC #90</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03430-davis-khmer.txt">L2/03-430</a></td><td></td><td>Davis, Mark (2003-11-10), <i>Problem with Khmer / ZWJ / ZWNJ</i></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2956.doc">N2956</a></td><td>Freytag, Asmus (2005-08-12), "Representative glyphs for U+17D2 and U+10A3F", <i>Unicode Consortium Liaison Report for WG2 Meeting #47</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05180.htm">L2/05-180</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2005-08-17), "Consensus 104-C12", <i>UTC #104 Minutes</i>, Change the representative glyphs for Kharoshthi U+10A3F and Khmer U+17D2 to be the same as U+17D2, but with both enclosed in a dashed box...</td></tr><tr><td></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.pdf">N2953 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "M47.16 (Miscellaneous glyph defects)", <i>Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08287-pr-122.html">L2/08-287</a></td><td></td><td>Davis, Mark (2008-08-04), <i>Public Review Issue #122: Proposal for Additional Deprecated Characters</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08253.htm">L2/08-253R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Consensus 116-C13", <i>UTC #116 Minutes</i>, Change the deprecated property by removing 0340, 0341, 17D3, and adding 0149, 0F77, 0F79, 17A4, 2329, 232A.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08328-deprecated.html">L2/08-328 (html</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2008/08328-deprecated.xls">xls</a>)</td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2008-10-14), <i>Spreadsheet of Deprecation and Discouragement</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09234-n3603-wg2-54-min.pdf">L2/09-234</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3603.pdf">N3603 (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3603.doc">doc</a>)</td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2009-07-08), "M54.13h", <i>Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 54</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10416.htm">L2/10-416R</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2010-11-09), "Properties of Two Khmer Characters (B.10.3) [U+17B4 and U+17B5]", <i>UTC #125 / L2 #222 Minutes</i></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">4.0</td><td rowspan="4">U+17DD, 17F0..17F9</td><td rowspan="4">11</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02083-khmer.htm">L2/02-083</a></td><td></td><td>Nelson, Paul (2001-12-02), <i>Response and Proposal for Khmer Encoding</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02100r-KhmerAdditions.pdf">L2/02-100</a></td><td></td><td>Chea, Sok Huor; Lao, Kim Leang; Harada, Shiro; Klein, Norbert (2002-02-13), <i>Proposal to add missing Khmer characters</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02070.htm">L2/02-070</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-08-26), "Consensus 90-C23", <i>Minutes for UTC #90</i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16163-indic.txt">L2/16-163</a></td><td></td><td>Pournader, Roozbeh (2015-05-12), <i>Additions to Indic Syllabic Category for Myanmar and Khmer</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>