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Dyne
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The name dyne was first proposed as a CGS unit of force in 1873 by a Committee of the <a href="/facts/British_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science/q1DLURYh">British Association for the Advancement of Science</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="definition">Definition</h2> <p>The dyne is defined as "the force required to accelerate a <a href="/facts/Mass/HHdc8XmF">mass</a> of one <a href="/facts/Gram/sRSW5RJb">gram</a> at a rate of one <a href="/facts/Centimetre/urPkBdGR">centimetre</a> per <a href="/facts/Second/jtFxnJXx">second</a> squared".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> An equivalent definition of the dyne is "that force which, acting for one second, will produce a change of velocity of one centimetre per second in a mass of one gram".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>One dyne is equal to 10 micronewtons, 10−5 <a href="/facts/Newton_(unit)/Ral9XgNl">N</a> or to 10 nsn (nano<a href="/facts/Sthene/ftgzP7R8">sthenes</a>) in the old <a href="/facts/Metre%E2%80%93tonne%E2%80%93second_system_of_units/kvvWcMkY">metre–tonne–second system of units</a>. </p> <ul><li>1 dyn = 1 g⋅cm/s2 = 10−5 kg⋅m/s2 = 10−5 N</li> <li>1 N = 1 kg⋅m/s2 = 105 g⋅cm/s2 = 105 dyn</li></ul> Units of force<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col"><ul><li>v</li><li>t</li><li>e</li></ul></th><th scope="col"><a href="/facts/Newton_(unit)/Ral9XgNl">newton</a></th><th scope="col">dyne</th><th scope="col"><a href="/facts/Kilogram-force/RtMF3WhP">kilogram-force</a>, kilopond</th><th scope="col"><a href="/facts/Pound_(force)/w62gn6Y0">pound-force</a></th><th scope="col"><a href="/facts/Poundal/yXcAJPBn">poundal</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row">1 N</th><td>≡ 1 kg⋅m/s2</td><td>= 105 dyn</td><td>≈ 0.10197 kp</td><td>≈ 0.22481 lbF </td><td>≈ 7.2330 pdl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1 dyn</th><td>= 10−5 N</td><td>≡ 1 g⋅cm/s2</td><td>≈ 1.0197×10−6 kp</td><td>≈ 2.2481×10−6 lbF </td><td>≈ 7.2330×10−5 pdl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1 kp</th><td>= 9.80665 N</td><td>= 980665 dyn</td><td>≡ <i>g</i>n × 1 kg</td><td>≈ 2.2046 lbF </td><td>≈ 70.932 pdl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1 lbF </th><td>≈ 4.448222 N</td><td>≈ 444822 dyn</td><td>≈ 0.45359 kp</td><td>≡ <i>g</i>n × 1 <a href="/facts/Pound_(mass)/BNIGRRDI">lb</a></td><td>≈ 32.174 pdl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">1 pdl</th><td>≈ 0.138255 N</td><td>≈ 13825 dyn</td><td>≈ 0.014098 kp</td><td>≈ 0.031081 lbF </td><td>≡ 1 lb⋅<a href="/facts/Foot_(unit)/XKamEGjV">ft</a>/s2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6">The value of <a href="/facts/Standard_gravity/4L5M6jfQ"><i>g</i>n</a> (9.80665 m/s2) as used in the official definition of the kilogram-force is used here for all gravitational units.</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="use">Use</h2> <p>The dyne per centimetre is a unit traditionally used to measure <a href="/facts/Surface_tension/EuluYmSM">surface tension</a>. For example, the surface tension of distilled water is 71.99 dyn/cm at 25 °C (77 °F).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> (In SI units this is 71.99×10−3 N/m or 71.99 mN/m.) </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units/qbHxv78q">Centimetre–gram–second system of units</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Erg/nI2vTSUt">Erg</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Thomson, Sir Wl; Professor GC, Foster; Maxwell, Professor JC; Stoney, Mr GJ; Professor Flemming, Jenkin; Siemens, Dr; Bramwell, Mr FJ (September 1873). Everett, Professor (ed.). First Report of the Committee for the Selection and Nomenclature of Dynamical and Electrical Units. Forty-third Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Bradford: Johna Murray. p. 224. Retrieved 8 April 2012. <a href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94452#page/7/mode/1up" target="_blank">https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94452#page/7/mode/1up</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Gyllenbok, Jan (11 April 2018). "dyne". Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures. Vol. 1. Birkhäuser. p. 90. ISBN 9783319575988. Retrieved 20 April 2018. <a href="9783319575988" target="_blank">9783319575988</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). "Dyne" . The New Student's Reference Work . Vol. II. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dyne" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Dyne</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Haynes, W.M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T.J., eds. (2015). "Surface tension of common liquids". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (96nd ed.). CRC Press. p. 6-181. ISBN 9781482260977. <a href="9781482260977" target="_blank">9781482260977</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>