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Mycobacterium avium avium
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<h2 id="epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2> <p>Present mainly in <a href="/facts/Cattle/44qV9B6S">cattle</a> and humans with an immunocompromised disorder, e.g. <a href="/facts/AIDS/RqLIEMuJ">AIDS</a>, it is transmitted to man by drinking unpasteurized cow <a href="/facts/Milk/wDJBUHvy">milk</a>. Pigs are susceptible to <i>M. avium avium </i>, <i>M. bovis</i>, and <i>M. tuberculosis</i>, with <i>M. avium</i> being most common. Lesions are typically lymphoid, gastrointestinal, or rapidly progressive disseminated forms. Intradermal testing is the diagnostic test of choice. Isolation of purified protein derivatives is useful for <i>M. bovis</i> and <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. However, cross-reaction between <i>M. avium avium, M. tuberculosis,</i> or <i>M. avium paratuberculosis</i> is a disadvantage. </p><p>Dogs, cats, deer, mink, cattle, birds (serotypes 1, 2, and 3) and some cold-blooded animals are all also susceptible to <i>M. avium</i>. </p><p>False-negative tuberculin tests are common in dogs. Radiographs and a thorough history are useful in diagnosis. Affected dogs should be euthanized because of public health concerns. </p> <p><a href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/mycobacterium">J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - genus <i>Mycobacterium</i></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://bacdive.dsmz.de/index.php?search=8419&submit=Search">Type strain of <i>Mycobacterium avium avium</i> at Bac<i>Dive</i> - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Thorel (M.F.), Krichevsky (M.) and Levy-Frebault (V.V.): Numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of Mycobacterium avium, and description of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1990, 40, 254-260. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>MIJS (W.), de HAAS (P.), ROSSAU (R.), VAN DER LAAN (T.), RIGOUTS (L.), PORTAELS (F.) and van SOOLINGEN (D.): Molecular evidence to support a proposal to reserve the designation Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium for bird-type isolates and 'M. avium subsp. hominissuis' for the human/porcine type of M. avium. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 1505-1518. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>