Bomis

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<h3>Background</h3>
Jimmy Wales left a study track at <a href="/facts/Indiana_University/TELCwWYK">Indiana University</a> as a <a href="/facts/Doctor_of_Philosophy/paJumdN8">PhD candidate</a> to work in <a href="/facts/Finance/fLh1GgN8">finance</a> before completing his <a href="/facts/Thesis/dYnTaYqQ">doctoral dissertation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> In 1994 Wales was hired by <a href="/facts/Chicago_Options_Associates/5MPFwkjF">Michael Davis</a>, CEO of finance company <a href="/facts/Chicago_Options_Associates/5MPFwkjF">Chicago Options Associates</a>, as a <a href="/facts/Trader_(finance)/51aRSyLA">trader</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> focusing on <a href="/facts/Futures_contract/4SD3dKty">futures contracts</a> and <a href="/facts/Option_(finance)/5gJFXV3X">options</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> Wales was adept at determining future movements of foreign currencies and <a href="/facts/Interest_rate/Nb4JN7gR">interest rates</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a> he was successful in <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>, became independently wealthy,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> and was director of research at <a href="/facts/Chicago_Options_Associates/5MPFwkjF">Chicago Options Associates</a> from 1994 to 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> He became acquainted with Tim Shell from email lists discussing philosophy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a>
Wales wanted to participate in the online-based <a href="/facts/Entrepreneurial/gr8E0Su2">entrepreneurial</a> ventures which were increasingly popular and successful during the mid-1990s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> His experience (from gaming in his youth) impressed on him the importance of networking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a> Wales was interested in <a href="/facts/Computer_science/lN3pEyPz">computer science</a>, experimenting with <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a> on the Internet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a> and improving his skill at <a href="/facts/Computer_programming/QmSsFnu0">computer programming</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a> In his spare time after work at Chicago Options Associates, Wales constructed his own <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">web browser</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a> While at the firm, he noted the successful 1995 <a href="/facts/Initial_public_offering/2NntDhrG">initial public offering</a> of <a href="/facts/Netscape/JGWlEUI7">Netscape Communications</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a>

<h3>Foundation</h3>

Wales co-founded Bomis in 1996,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a> with business associates Tim Shell,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a> and his then-manager Michael Davis,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> as a <a href="/facts/For-profit_corporation/l3lxQfnd">for-profit corporation</a> with joint ownership.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> Wales was its chief manager.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a> In 1998 he moved from Chicago to <a href="/facts/San_Diego/YFUP7gB9">San Diego</a> to work for Bomis,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a> and then to <a href="/facts/St._Petersburg,_Florida/XQg8n31U">St. Petersburg, Florida</a> (where the company subsequently relocated).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a>
The staff at Bomis was originally about five employees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> Its 2000 staff included programmer Toan Vo, Andrew McCague and <a href="/facts/System_administrator/zNhThrh9">system administrator</a> Jason Richey;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> Wales employed his high-school friend and <a href="/facts/Best_man/zVLEYDYP">best man</a> in his second wedding, Terry Foote,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> as advertising director.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a> In June 2000, Bomis was one of five network partners of <a href="/facts/Ask.com/oDmSrI3I">Ask Jeeves</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a> The majority of the revenue that came in to Bomis was generated through advertising.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> The most successful time for Bomis was during its venture as a member of the <a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a> web portal NBCi; this collapsed at the end of the <a href="/facts/Dot-com_bubble/dCFWQt0s">dot-com bubble</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a>
Although Bomis is not an acronym, the name stemmed from "Bitter Old Men in Suits"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> (as Wales and Shell called themselves in Chicago).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> The site began as a <a href="/facts/Web_portal/Fj25GpUE">web portal</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a> trying a number of ideas (including serving as an access point for information about Chicago).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> It later focused on male-oriented content, including information on sporting activities, automobiles, and women.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a>

<h3>Hosted content</h3>

Working from the <a href="/facts/DMOZ/3DjX9Cbw">Open Directory Project</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> Bomis created and maintained hundreds of <a href="/facts/Webring/Yu2k97Ka">webrings</a> on topics related to <a href="/facts/Lad_culture/5lzqcwoD">lad culture</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> In 1999 the company introduced the Bomis Browser, which helped users block online <a href="/facts/Pop-up_ad/2Wk9EP6S">pop-up ads</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> Its webring on <a href="/facts/Star_Wars/9Y5j3IPP">Star Wars</a> was considered a useful resource for information on <a href="/facts/Star_Wars:_Episode_I_%E2%80%93_The_Phantom_Menace/NCRujVRV">Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace</a> (1999).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a> Additional webrings included sections helping users find information on the 1942 film <a href="/facts/Casablanca_(film)/0QwWEKrb">Casablanca</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a> <a href="/facts/Hunter_S._Thompson/J5sgub5C">Hunter S. Thompson</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a> <a href="/facts/Farrah_Fawcett/mbBAQ49w">Farrah Fawcett</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a> <a href="/facts/Geri_Halliwell/sP77ooKv">Geri Halliwell</a> of the <a href="/facts/Spice_Girls/5gwhBKT4">Spice Girls</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a> and the 1998 film <a href="/facts/Snake_Eyes_(1998_film)/pNSEHHQc">Snake Eyes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> "Bomis: The Buffy the Vampire Slayer Ring", devoted to <a href="/facts/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer/x7Foh6CA">Buffy the Vampire Slayer</a>, organized over 50 sites related to the program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a> <a href="/facts/Sheila_Jeffreys/4Ib0XqXN">Sheila Jeffreys</a> noted in her Beauty and Misogyny that in 2004 Bomis maintained "The Lipstick Fetish Ring", which helped users with a particular attraction to women in makeup.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a>
Bomis became successful after it focused on <a href="/facts/X-rated/SFvExfaB">X-rated</a> and erotic media.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a> Advertising generated revenue which enabled the company to fund other websites,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a> and the site published suggestive pictures of <a href="/facts/Model_(profession)/MbCN8xJz">professional models</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a> In addition to Bomis the company maintained nekkid.com<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a> and nekkid.info,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a> which featured pictures of nude women.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a> About ten percent of Bomis' revenue was derived from pornographic films and blogs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a>
The website included a segment devoted to erotic images, "Bomis Babes",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a> and a feature enabled users to submit recommended links to other sites appealing to a male audience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> <a href="/facts/Peer-to-peer/wCCdPb0H">Peer-to-peer</a> services provided by the site helped users find other websites about female celebrities, including <a href="/facts/Anna_Kournikova/LuAnkLUg">Anna Kournikova</a> and <a href="/facts/Pamela_Anderson/vfkvDwaW">Pamela Anderson</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a> In the Bomis Babes section was the Bomis Babe Report, begun in 2000, with pictures of porn stars<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> in a blog format.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a> The Bomis Babe Report produced original erotic material,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a> including reports on <a href="/facts/Pornographic_film_actor/Jp7bxWVx">pornographic film actors</a> and celebrities who had posed nude.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a> It was referred to as The Babe Report for short.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a>
Wales referred to the site's <a href="/facts/Softcore_pornography/4AcygWEK">softcore pornography</a> as "glamour photography",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a> and Bomis became familiar to Internet users for its erotic images.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a> During this period Wales was photographed steering a <a href="/facts/Yacht/1H6xRy1U">yacht</a> with a <a href="/facts/Peaked_cap/0CNTuAMT">peaked cap</a>, posing as a <a href="/facts/Sea_captain/e7avxJYM">sea captain</a> with a female professional model on either side of him. In the photograph, the women were wearing <a href="/facts/Panties/Ah7oIDaQ">panties</a> and <a href="/facts/T-shirt/qj59PYsF">T-shirts</a> advertising Bomis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a>
A subscription section, Bomis Premium,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> provided access to adult content and <a href="/facts/Erotic/YxdnNWSY">erotic</a> material;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> A three-day trial was US$2.95.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a>
While Bomis Babes provided nude images of females to subscribers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a> Bomis Premium featured <a href="/facts/Lesbian_sexual_practices/EDTP9ceU">lesbian sexual practices</a> and female anatomy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a> Bomis created the Babe Engine,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a> which helped users find erotic material online through a <a href="/facts/Web_search_engine/SRntsbz2">web search engine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a> According to Bomis advertising director Terry Foote, 99 percent of searches on the site related to nude women.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a>

<h3>Nupedia and Wikipedia</h3>

Bomis is best known for supporting the creation of free-content online-encyclopedia projects <a href="/facts/Nupedia/bGmeCvyd">Nupedia</a> and Wikipedia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a> Tim Shell and Michael Davis continued their partnership with Wales during the 2000 Nupedia venture.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a> <a href="/facts/Larry_Sanger/weF16wSV">Larry Sanger</a> met Jimmy Wales through an e-mail communication group about philosophy and objectivism,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a> and joined Bomis in May, 1999.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a> Sanger was a graduate student working towards a PhD degree in philosophy, with research focused on <a href="/facts/Epistemology/NsDwpcYH">epistemology</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a> he received his degree from <a href="/facts/Ohio_State_University/jfSr6u6u">Ohio State University</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a> moving to San Diego to help Bomis with its encyclopedia venture.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> At the time Sanger joined Bomis the company had a total workforce of two employees with help from programmers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a>
Sanger and Wales began Nupedia with resources from Bomis;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a> at the beginning of 2000, the company agreed to provide early financing for Nupedia from its profits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a> Nupedia went live in March,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a> when Wales was CEO of Bomis;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a> Sanger was Nupedia's editor-in-chief.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a> Nupedia's reading comprehension was intended for high-school graduates,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a> and Bomis set its goal: "To set a new standard for breadth, depth, timeliness and lack of bias, and in the fullness of time to become the most comprehensive encyclopedia in the history of humankind."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a>
Although Bomis began a search for experts to vet Nupedia articles, this proved tedious.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a> In August 2000 Nupedia had more than 60 academics contributing to the peer-review process on the site, most with doctorates in philosophy or medicine.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a> Scholars wishing to contribute to Nupedia were required to submit their credentials via fax for verification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a> At that time, Bomis was attempting to obtain advertising revenue for Nupedia<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a> and the company was optimistic that it could fund the project with ad space on Nupedia.com.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a>
Wikipedia began as a feature of Nupedia.com on January 15, 2001,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a> later known as <a href="/facts/Wikipedia_Day/TmGlMgDb">Wikipedia Day</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a> Someone working from the office.bomis.com server created the <a href="/facts/First_Wikipedia_edit/wKC6ABgy">first edit</a> to the website,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a> the creation of <a href="/facts/HomePage/NboGzBq0">HomePage</a> with the text "This is the new WikiPedia!"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> It was originally intended only to generate draft articles for Nupedia,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a> with finished articles moved to the latter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a> Wikipedia became a separate site days after the Nupedia advisory board opposed combining the two.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a> In September 2001, Wales was simultaneously CEO of Bomis and co-founder of Wikipedia;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a> Sanger was chief organizer of Wikipedia and editor-in-chief of Nupedia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a>
Nupedia was encumbered by its peer-review system,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a> a seven-step process<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a> of review and copyediting,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a> and Wikipedia grew at a faster rate.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a> In November 2000, Nupedia had 115 potential articles awaiting its peer-review process.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a> By September 2001, after a total investment of US$250,000 from Bomis, Nupedia produced 12 articles;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a> from 2000 through 2003, Nupedia contributors produced a total of 24 finalized articles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a> Wikipedia had about 20,000 articles and versions in 18 languages by the end of 2001.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a>
Bomis originally planned to make Wikipedia profitable,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a> providing staffing and hardware for its initial structure;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a> Wikipedia would not have survived without this early support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a> Bomis provided <a href="/facts/Web_server/A4GS6thA">web servers</a> and <a href="/facts/Bandwidth_(computing)/lY6Tb4gX">bandwidth</a> for the projects, owning key items such as domain names.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a> Wales used money from Bomis to maintain the Wikipedia servers in <a href="/facts/Tampa,_Florida/lnjNsRL6">Tampa, Florida</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a>
As the cost of Wikipedia rose with its popularity, Bomis' revenues declined as a result of the <a href="/facts/Dot-com_crash/dCFWQt0s">dot-com crash</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247">247</a> In late 2000 Bomis had a staff of about 11 employees, but by early 2002 layoffs reduced the staff to its original size of about five.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248">248</a> Sanger was laid off in February 2002;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249">249</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250">250</a> from January 15, 2001, through March 1, 2002, he was the sole paid editor of Wikipedia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251">251</a> Sanger stepped down from his dual roles as chief organizer of Wikipedia and editor-in-chief of Nupedia on March 1, 2002, feeling unable to commit to these areas on a volunteer basis<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252">252</a> and a dearth of "the habit or tradition of respect for expertise" from high-ranking Wikipedia members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253">253</a> He continued contributing to community discussions, optimistic about Wikipedia's future success.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254">254</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255">255</a>
After Sanger's departure, Wikipedia was managed by Wales and a burgeoning online community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256">256</a> Although Wales thought advertising was a possibility, the Wikipedia community was opposed to business development<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257">257</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258">258</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259">259</a> and Internet marketing was difficult in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:260" href="#fn:260">260</a> Wikipedia remained a for-profit venture (under the auspices of Bomis) through the end of 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:261" href="#fn:261">261</a> By then it had moved from a <a href="/facts/.com/zCIIIdYa">.com</a> domain name to <a href="/facts/.org/wClHeBo0">.org</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:262" href="#fn:262">262</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:263" href="#fn:263">263</a> and Wales said that the site would not accept advertising.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:264" href="#fn:264">264</a>
Material from Nupedia was folded into Wikipedia<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:265" href="#fn:265">265</a> and it was discontinued by 2003.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:266" href="#fn:266">266</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:267" href="#fn:267">267</a>

<h3>Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees</h3>

By 2003 Wikipedia had grown to 100,000 articles in its English-language version, and it became difficult for Bomis to continue financially supporting the project.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:268" href="#fn:268">268</a> With Wikipedia a drain on the company's resources, Wales and Sanger decided to fund the project on a non-profit basis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:269" href="#fn:269">269</a> Bomis laid off most of its employees to continue operating, since Wikipedia was not generating revenue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:270" href="#fn:270">270</a> The company owned Wikipedia from its creation through 2003,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:271" href="#fn:271">271</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:272" href="#fn:272">272</a> and Wales used about $100,000 of Bomis' revenue to fund Wikipedia before the decision to shift the encyclopedia to non-profit status.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:273" href="#fn:273">273</a>
In June 2003 Wikipedia was transferred to a nascent non-profit organization, the <a href="/facts/Wikimedia_Foundation/W1XHdpK2">Wikimedia Foundation</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:274" href="#fn:274">274</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:275" href="#fn:275">275</a> which was formed as a charitable institution to supervise Wikipedia and its associated wiki-based sites.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:276" href="#fn:276">276</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:277" href="#fn:277">277</a> When the foundation was established, its staff began to solicit public funding<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:278" href="#fn:278">278</a> and Bomis turned Wikipedia over to the non-profit.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:279" href="#fn:279">279</a> All Bomis-owned hardware used to run Wikipedia-associated websites was donated to the Wikimedia Foundation,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:280" href="#fn:280">280</a> and Wales transferred Wikipedia-related copyrights from Bomis to the foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:281" href="#fn:281">281</a> It was first headquartered in <a href="/facts/St._Petersburg,_Florida/XQg8n31U">St. Petersburg, Florida</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:282" href="#fn:282">282</a> where Bomis was located.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:283" href="#fn:283">283</a> The foundation shifted Wikipedia's dependence away from Bomis, allowing it to purchase hardware for expansion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:284" href="#fn:284">284</a>
The Wikimedia Foundation <a href="/facts/Board_of_trustees/CsTJqgeR">board of trustees</a> was initially composed of Bomis' three founders: Jimmy Wales and his two business partners, Michael Davis and Tim Shell.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:285" href="#fn:285">285</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:286" href="#fn:286">286</a> Shell and Davis were appointed to the board by Wales,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:287" href="#fn:287">287</a> but after Wikipedia community members complained that the board was composed of appointed individuals,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:288" href="#fn:288">288</a> the first elections were held in 2004.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:289" href="#fn:289">289</a> Two community members, <a href="/facts/Florence_Devouard/fJ5TFgCE">Florence Devouard</a> and Angela Beesley, were elected to the board of trustees.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:290" href="#fn:290">290</a>
In August 2004 Wales was chief executive officer of Bomis,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:291" href="#fn:291">291</a> and on September 20 Wikipedia reached the million-article mark on an expenditure of $500,000 (most directly from Wales).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:292" href="#fn:292">292</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:293" href="#fn:293">293</a> In November 2004 he told the <a href="/facts/St._Petersburg_Times/DfgELn3N">St. Petersburg Times</a> he no longer controlled Bomis' day-to-day operations, but retained ownership as a shareholder.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:294" href="#fn:294">294</a> In 2005, Tim Shell was CEO of Bomis and one of the board members overseeing Wikipedia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:295" href="#fn:295">295</a> Shell remained CEO of Bomis in 2006, becoming vice-president of the Wikimedia Foundation and continuing to sit on its board.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:296" href="#fn:296">296</a> Bomis co-founder Michael Davis became treasurer of the Wikimedia Foundation that year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:297" href="#fn:297">297</a> Wales told <a href="/facts/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald/YuSeY0QN">The Sydney Morning Herald</a> in 2007 that although he retained partial ownership of Bomis, "It's pretty much dead."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:298" href="#fn:298">298</a> According to the <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Internet Archive</a>, the Bomis website was last accessible with content in 2010;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:299" href="#fn:299">299</a> when accessed in 2013 by the archive, it had a welcome message for <a href="/facts/PetaBox/E7Kdru0l">PetaBox</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:300" href="#fn:300">300</a> When accessed in 2014 by the archive, the website featured a blank white page with a line of text saying "Hello, world!".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:301" href="#fn:301">301</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:302" href="#fn:302">302</a>

<h2 id="aftermath">Aftermath</h2>

In 2005, Wales made 18 changes to his Wikipedia biography.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:303" href="#fn:303">303</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:304" href="#fn:304">304</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:305" href="#fn:305">305</a> He removed references to Bomis Babes as <a href="/facts/Softcore_pornography/4AcygWEK">softcore pornography</a> and <a href="/facts/Erotica/cfYRmpUW">erotica</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:306" href="#fn:306">306</a> and Larry Sanger as co-founder of Wikipedia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:307" href="#fn:307">307</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:308" href="#fn:308">308</a> Wales' actions were publicized by author <a href="/facts/Rogers_Cadenhead/joN9Ywd9">Rogers Cadenhead</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:309" href="#fn:309">309</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:310" href="#fn:310">310</a> attracting attention from US and UK media.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:311" href="#fn:311">311</a> In 2011, Time listed Wales' 2005 edits in its "Top 10 Wikipedia Moments".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:312" href="#fn:312">312</a>
Wikipedia policy warned users not to edit their own biography pages,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:313" href="#fn:313">313</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:314" href="#fn:314">314</a> with its rules on autobiographical editing quoting Wales: "It is a social faux pas to write about yourself."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:315" href="#fn:315">315</a> <a href="/facts/Larry_Sanger/weF16wSV">Larry Sanger</a> said, "It does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:316" href="#fn:316">316</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:317" href="#fn:317">317</a> and began a discussion on the talk page of Wales' biography about <a href="/facts/Historical_revisionism_(negationism)/mzGjPGH8">historical revisionism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:318" href="#fn:318">318</a>
Wales called his actions fixing mistakes,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:319" href="#fn:319">319</a> but after Cadenhead publicized the edits to his biography he expressed regret for his actions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:320" href="#fn:320">320</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:321" href="#fn:321">321</a> In The Times Wales said that individuals should not edit their own Wikipedia biographies,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:322" href="#fn:322">322</a> telling The New Yorker that the standard applied to himself as well.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:323" href="#fn:323">323</a> Wales warned that the activity should be discouraged because of the potential for bias:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:324" href="#fn:324">324</a> "I wish I hadn't done it. It's in poor taste."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:325" href="#fn:325">325</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:326" href="#fn:326">326</a>
Bomis was called the "Playboy of the Internet" by <a href="/facts/The_Atlantic/zVtl4Lcr">The Atlantic</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:327" href="#fn:327">327</a> and the sobriquet was subsequently used by publications including <a href="/facts/The_Sunday_Times/15om0zLf">The Sunday Times</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:328" href="#fn:328">328</a> <a href="/facts/The_Daily_Telegraph/aHa5nNw5">The Daily Telegraph</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:329" href="#fn:329">329</a> <a href="/facts/MSN_Money/IxAzVWYJ">MSN Money</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:330" href="#fn:330">330</a> <a href="/facts/Wired_(website)/RQb6gcyf">Wired</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:331" href="#fn:331">331</a> The Torch Magazine,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:332" href="#fn:332">332</a> and the 2007 book <a href="/facts/The_Cult_of_the_Amateur/dh5rHDrD">The Cult of the Amateur</a> by <a href="/facts/Andrew_Keen/3x87zlp6">Andrew Keen</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:333" href="#fn:333">333</a> Wales considered the "Playboy of the Internet" nickname inappropriate,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:334" href="#fn:334">334</a> although he was asked in interviews if his time at Bomis made him a "porn king".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:335" href="#fn:335">335</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:336" href="#fn:336">336</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:337" href="#fn:337">337</a> The 2010 documentary film about Wikipedia, <a href="/facts/Truth_in_Numbers%3F/UALpkmb7">Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia</a>, discussed this characterization of Wales by journalists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:338" href="#fn:338">338</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:339" href="#fn:339">339</a> Wales, interviewed in the film, called the characterization inaccurate and explained that his company responded to content demand from customers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:340" href="#fn:340">340</a> In later interviews, he responded to "porn king" questions by telling journalists to look at a page on <a href="/facts/Yahoo!/nKhTaV3M">Yahoo!</a> about pornography related to <a href="/facts/Dwarfism/3dLeF5gt">dwarfism</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:341" href="#fn:341">341</a> According to a 2007 article in <a href="/facts/Reason_(magazine)/JVwGsE78">Reason</a>, "If he was a porn king, he suggests, so is the head of the biggest Web portal in the world."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:342" href="#fn:342">342</a>

<h2 id="description-of-site">Description of site</h2>
<a href="/facts/The_Chronicle_of_Philanthropy/INgbt9NH">The Chronicle of Philanthropy</a> characterized Bomis as "an Internet marketing firm... which also traded in erotic photographs for a while."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:343" href="#fn:343">343</a> Jeff Howe wrote in his 2008 book, Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business, about "one of Wales's less altruistic ventures, a Web portal called Bomis.com that featured, among other items, soft-core pornography."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:344" href="#fn:344">344</a> In his 2008 book, <a href="/facts/The_Future_of_the_Internet_and_How_to_Stop_It/24x11M6g">The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It</a>, legal scholar <a href="/facts/Jonathan_Zittrain/P0pNR1qm">Jonathan Zittrain</a> wrote that "Bomis helped people find 'erotic photography', and earned money through advertising as well as subscription fees for premium content."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:345" href="#fn:345">345</a> <a href="/facts/The_Guardian/H84wwJYM">The Guardian</a> described the site as on "the fringes of the adult entertainment industry",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:346" href="#fn:346">346</a> and <a href="/facts/The_Edge_(Malaysia)/ErfGAPMW">The Edge</a> called Bomis.com an "explicit-content search engine".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:347" href="#fn:347">347</a> <a href="/facts/Business_2.0/EECe1fY9">Business 2.0 Magazine</a> described it as "a search portal... which created and hosted Web rings around popular search terms – including, not surprisingly, a lot of adult themes."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:348" href="#fn:348">348</a>

<h2 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h2>

<h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2>

<ul><li>Anderson, Paul (2012). Web 2.0 and Beyond: Principles and Technologies. Chapman and Hall/CRC. pp. 136–38. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-4398-2867-0.</li>
<li>Ayer, Phoebe; Matthews, Charles; Yates, Ben (2008). <a href="/facts/How_Wikipedia_Works/a42C0aMl">How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It</a>. No Starch Press. pp. <a href="https://archive.org/details/howwikipediawork00ayer_0/page/46">46–47, 448–51</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-59327-176-3.</li>
<li>Barnett, Cynthia (September 2005). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005">"Wiki mania"</a>. Florida Trend. 48 (5). Trend Magazines: 62. Archived from <a href="http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?a=5617&s=1&d=9/1/2005">the original</a> on November 22, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Brian_Bergstein/9rhtSIK7">Bergstein, Brian</a> (March 26, 2007). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141004013229/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Technology/Wikipedia-CoFounder-Seeks-to-Start-Over/2007/03/26/1174761306203.html">"Wikipedia co-founder seeks to start all over again – this time with contributors' real names"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald/YuSeY0QN">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. <a href="/facts/Associated_Press/b4T5P1bT">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/Technology/Wikipedia-CoFounder-Seeks-to-Start-Over/2007/03/26/1174761306203.html">the original</a> on October 4, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Brian_Bergstein/9rhtSIK7">Bergstein, Brian</a> (April 2, 2007). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140930013733/http://www.post-gazette.com/business/technology/2007/04/02/Citizendium-founder-Sanger-says-he-co-started-Wikipedia-but-don-t-tell-that-to-Jimmy-Wales/stories/200704020146">"Citizendium founder Sanger says he co-started Wikipedia, but don't tell that to Jimmy Wales"</a>. <a href="/facts/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette/yJWSCQJb">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a>. <a href="/facts/Associated_Press/b4T5P1bT">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.post-gazette.com/business/technology/2007/04/02/Citizendium-founder-Sanger-says-he-co-started-Wikipedia-but-don-t-tell-that-to-Jimmy-Wales/stories/200704020146">the original</a> on September 30, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.</li>
<li>Bernstein, Jon (February 3, 2011). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110205142631/http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2011/01/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-site">"Wikipedia's benevolent dictator"</a>. New Statesman. 140 (5038): 34. Archived from <a href="http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2011/01/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-site">the original</a> on February 5, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2014.</li>
<li>Beveridge, John (April 26, 2007). "Looking up your own entry". <a href="/facts/Herald_Sun/38laIYur">Herald Sun</a>. Nationwide News Pty Limited. p. 68 – via <a href="/facts/LexisNexis/Wu7lgrWK">LexisNexis</a>.</li>
<li>Bhaskar, Michael (2013). The Content Machine: Towards a Theory of Publishing from the Printing Press to the Digital Network. Anthem Press. pp. 158–159. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-85728-111-1.</li>
<li>Blakely, Rhys (December 20, 2005). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221030824/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article774973.ece">"Wikipedia founder edits himself"</a>. <a href="/facts/The_Times/5BwkodnX">The Times</a>. Archived from <a href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article774973.ece">the original</a> on February 21, 2007. Retrieved December 29, 2013.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000302121724/http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/sylviasaint.html">"Silvia Saint Bomis T-shirt Gallery"</a>. Bomis Magazine. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/sylviasaint.html">the original</a> on March 2, 2000. Retrieved January 22, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000301180721/http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/index.html">"Bomis T-shirt Gallery"</a>. Bomis Magazine. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/index.html">the original</a> on March 1, 2000. Retrieved January 22, 2014. Welcome to the Bomis.com T-shirt gallery! Please feel free to use any of these images on your own web site. All we ask is that you include a link back to Bomis.com. Thanks!</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100224110713/http://www.bomis.com/">"Bomis.Com Home Page"</a>. 2010. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/">the original</a> on February 24, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130815153925/http://www.bomis.com/">"Welcome to the US Petabox"</a>. 2013. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/">the original</a> on August 15, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2014.</li>
<li>Brooks, David (August 4, 2004). "Online, interactive encyclopedia not just for geeks anymore". <a href="/facts/The_Telegraph_(Nashua)/EaKlwYLA">The Telegraph</a>. Nashua, New Hampshire – via <a href="/facts/NewsBank/MNLKXjUw">NewsBank</a>.</li>
<li>Buckland, Jason (May 12, 2011). <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110319030805/http://money.ca.msn.com/small-business/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=27996773&page=1">"The humble beginnings of CEO big shots: Jimmy Wales"</a>. <a href="/facts/MSN_Money/IxAzVWYJ">MSN Money</a>. <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a>. p. 1. Archived from <a href="https://money.ca.msn.com/small-business/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=27996773&page=1">the original</a> on March 19, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2014.</li>
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<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
Primary sources
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140119051423/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bomis.Com+Browser+Kills+Pop-Up+Advertising!-a054029681">"Bomis.Com Browser Kills Pop-Up Advertising!"</a>. San Diego, California. <a href="/facts/PR_Newswire/RKk2Ia8m">PR Newswire</a>. March 8, 1999. p. 9941. Archived from <a href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bomis.Com+Browser+Kills+Pop-Up+Advertising!-a054029681">the original</a> on January 19, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201104123/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Upstart+Open+Content+Encyclopedia+Threatens+to+Displace+Britannica,...-a066763343">"Upstart Open Content Encyclopedia Threatens to Displace Britannica, Encarta"</a>. San Diego, California. <a href="/facts/PR_Newswire/RKk2Ia8m">PR Newswire</a>. November 9, 2000. Archived from <a href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Upstart+Open+Content+Encyclopedia+Threatens+to+Displace+Britannica,...-a066763343">the original</a> on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100118074538/http://www.bomis.com/bomisreport/">"Bomis What's New"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/bomisreport/">the original</a> on January 18, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2008.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210118/http://www.bomis.com/about/bomis_faq.html">"Bomis FAQ"</a>. Bomis. Archived from <a href="http://www.bomis.com/about/bomis_faq.html">the original</a> on July 24, 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2012.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060323230349/http://www.freedomsnest.com/">"Freedom's Nest"</a>. Archived from <a href="http://www.freedomsnest.com">the original</a> on March 23, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2011.</li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140120022941/http://www.nekkid.info/">"Nekkid.info"</a>. Internet Archive. January 14, 2002. Archived from <a href="http://www.nekkid.info/">the original</a> on January 20, 2014. Retrieved December 27, 2013.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jimmy_Wales/cW8d7ncd">Wales, Jimmy</a> (October 28, 2001). <a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000657.html">"A question"</a>. Wikipedia-l. Retrieved December 30, 2013.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jimmy_Wales/cW8d7ncd">Wales, Jimmy</a> (June 20, 2003). <a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html">"Announcing Wikimedia Foundation"</a>. Wikipedia-l. Retrieved December 30, 2013.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.bomis.com/">Bomis</a> at the <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li>Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, at Wikipedia:Meta</li>
<li>Former Board of Trustees members, at <a href="/facts/Wikimedia_Foundation/W1XHdpK2">Wikimedia Foundation</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Isaacson 2014, The Daily Beast <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Conway 2010, p. 7. - Conway, Paul (Fall 2010). "Week 5b: Lessons of Wikipedia" (PDF). SI 410: Ethics and Information Technology. University of Michigan. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140609100117/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Conway-si410-fa10-week5b-wikipedia.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140609100117/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Conway-si410-fa10-week5b-wikipedia.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Henderson 2008, p. 500 <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Seybold 2006, p. 250 <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Hutcheon 2007 <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Anderson 2012, pp. 136–138 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">The Globe and Mail 2012, pp. 89–91 <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Weinberger 2008, p. 138 <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Shirky 2009 <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Kuchinskas 2009 <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Hansen 2005 <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Rosenzweig 2013 <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Rosenzweig 2006 <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Zittrain 2008, p. 133 <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Kuchinskas 2009 <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Business Insider 2013 <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Henderson 2008, p. 500 <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Mangu-Ward 2007 <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">The Economist 2008 <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Seitz 2011, p. A3 <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Edemariam 2011, p. 27 <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Hasan 2011 <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Jensen 2006 <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">Meyer 2012 <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">The Star 2007 <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:34">Mahadevan 2006, p. 15 <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Mehegan 2006 <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Hickman 2006 <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Krueger 2004, p. 1E <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:41">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Bernstein 2011, p. 34 <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Elliott 2007, p. 22 <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Mitchell 2005 <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Bernstein 2011, p. 34 <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Poe 2006 <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">The Sunday Times 2011 <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Keen 2008, pp. 41–42 <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Jensen 2006 <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Howe 2008, pp. 58–60 <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">Edemariam 2011, p. 27 <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">The Sunday Times 2011 <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Long 2012, p. 5 <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">Chozick 2013, p. MM28 <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">Chozick 2013, p. MM28 <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">Edemariam 2011, p. 27 <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">The Sunday Times 2011 <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">Edemariam 2011, p. 27 <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">The Sunday Times 2011 <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">Doran 2006, p. 49 <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">McNichol 2007 <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">PC Quest 2012 <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">Keen 2008, pp. 41–42 <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">Keen 2008, pp. 41–42 <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">Seitz 2011, p. A3 <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">Slater 2011, p. B3 <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:79">Seitz 2011, p. A3 <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:81">Zittrain 2008, p. 133 <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">Kuchinskas 2009 <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">Meyer 2012 <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:84">Seybold 2006, p. 250 <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">Lee 2013, p 91 <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:90">Friedman 2007, p. 121 <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:91">Mangu-Ward 2007 <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:97">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">Chozick 2013, p. MM28 <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:106">Meyer 2012 <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:148">Chozick 2013, p. MM28 <a href="#fnref:148" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:200">Rollins 2000, p. 1786 <a href="#fnref:200" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:201">Jensen 2006 <a href="#fnref:201" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:202">School Library Journal 2000, p. S6 <a href="#fnref:202" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:203">Koerner 2006, pp. 115–117 <a href="#fnref:203" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:204">School Library Journal 2000, p. S6 <a href="#fnref:204" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:205">Frauenfelder 2000, p. 110 <a href="#fnref:205" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:206">Slater 2011, p. B3 <a href="#fnref:206" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:207">Curley 2012, pp. 35–38 <a href="#fnref:207" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:208">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:208" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:209">Myers 2006, p. 163 <a href="#fnref:209" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:210">Starling rclog <a href="#fnref:210" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:211">office.bomis.com (January 15, 2001). "HomePage". Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Retrieved August 5, 2019. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HomePage&oldid=908493298" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HomePage&oldid=908493298</a> <a href="#fnref:211" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:212">Wales would claim to have made the first edit to Wikipedia with "Hello, World!", but no such edit survives in archives and it has been speculated that it was made to a test wiki that was later deleted. <a href="#fnref:212" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:213">Hasan 2011 <a href="#fnref:213" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:214">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:214" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:215">Jensen 2006 <a href="#fnref:215" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:216">Lewis 2013 <a href="#fnref:216" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:217">Myers 2006, p. 163 <a href="#fnref:217" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:218">Curley 2012, pp. 35–38 <a href="#fnref:218" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:219">Meyers 2001, p. D2 <a href="#fnref:219" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:220">The Star 2007 <a href="#fnref:220" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:221">Richardson 2004, p. 339 <a href="#fnref:221" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:222">Seitz 2011, p. A3 <a href="#fnref:222" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:223">Edemariam 2011, p. 27 <a href="#fnref:223" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:224">Myers 2006, p. 163 <a href="#fnref:224" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:225">Lewis 2013 <a href="#fnref:225" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:226">Hasan 2011 <a href="#fnref:226" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:227">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:227" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:228">Twose 2007, p. 5 <a href="#fnref:228" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:229">Frauenfelder 2000, p. 110 <a href="#fnref:229" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:230">Lewis 2013 <a href="#fnref:230" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:231">Barnett 2005, p. 62. - Barnett, Cynthia (September 2005). "Wiki mania". Florida Trend. 48 (5). Trend Magazines: 62. Archived from the original on November 22, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005</a> <a href="#fnref:231" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:232">Koerner 2006, pp. 115–117 <a href="#fnref:232" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:233">Lewis 2013 <a href="#fnref:233" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:234">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:234" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:235">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:235" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:236">Myers 2006, p. 163 <a href="#fnref:236" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:237">Kleeman 2007, p. 4 <a href="#fnref:237" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:238">Finkelstein (September 24, 2008) <a href="#fnref:238" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:239">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:239" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:240">Rosenzweig 2013 <a href="#fnref:240" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:241">Rosenzweig 2006 <a href="#fnref:241" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:242">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:242" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:243">Business Insider 2013 <a href="#fnref:243" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:244">Chozick 2013, p. 9 <a href="#fnref:244" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:245">Chozick 2013, p. MM28 <a href="#fnref:245" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:246">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:246" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:247">Slater 2011, p. B3 <a href="#fnref:247" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:248">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:248" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:249">The Star 2007 <a href="#fnref:249" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:250">Duval 2010 <a href="#fnref:250" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:251">The Star 2007 <a href="#fnref:251" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:252">The Star 2007 <a href="#fnref:252" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:253">Mahadevan 2006, p. 15 <a href="#fnref:253" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:254">Duval 2010 <a href="#fnref:254" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:255">Peterson 2002, p. C1 <a href="#fnref:255" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:256">Moody 2006, p. 5 <a href="#fnref:256" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:257">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:257" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:258">Poe 2006 <a href="#fnref:258" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:259">Finkelstein (September 24, 2008) <a href="#fnref:259" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:260">DiBona 2005 <a href="#fnref:260" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:261">Meyer 2012 <a href="#fnref:261" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:262">Pink 2005 <a href="#fnref:262" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:263">Kleeman 2007, p. 4 <a href="#fnref:263" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:264">Kleeman 2007, p. 4 <a href="#fnref:264" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:265">Waters 2010, pp. 179–180 <a href="#fnref:265" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:266">Mahadevan 2006, p. 15 <a href="#fnref:266" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:267">Hasan 2011 <a href="#fnref:267" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:268">Kleinz 2011 <a href="#fnref:268" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:269">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:269" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:270">Meyer 2012 <a href="#fnref:270" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:271">Rosenzweig 2013 <a href="#fnref:271" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:272">Rosenzweig 2006 <a href="#fnref:272" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:273">Hickman 2006 <a href="#fnref:273" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:274">Rosenzweig 2013 <a href="#fnref:274" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:275">Rosenzweig 2006 <a href="#fnref:275" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:276">Chern 2008 <a href="#fnref:276" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:277">Middleton 2009 <a href="#fnref:277" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:278">Chern 2008 <a href="#fnref:278" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:279">Duval 2010 <a href="#fnref:279" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:280">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:280" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:281">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:281" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:282">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:282" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:283">Mehegan 2006 <a href="#fnref:283" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:284">Heise Online (January 15, 2006) <a href="#fnref:284" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:285">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:285" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:286">Kleinz 2004, p. 38 <a href="#fnref:286" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:287">Heise Online (October 28, 2006) <a href="#fnref:287" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:288">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:288" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:289">Ayers 2008 <a href="#fnref:289" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:290">Lih 2009 <a href="#fnref:290" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:291">Brooks 2004 <a href="#fnref:291" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:292">Pink 2005 <a href="#fnref:292" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:293">Koerner 2006, pp. 115–117 <a href="#fnref:293" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:294">Krueger 2004, p. 1E <a href="#fnref:294" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:295">Barnett 2005, p. 62. - Barnett, Cynthia (September 2005). "Wiki mania". Florida Trend. 48 (5). Trend Magazines: 62. Archived from the original on November 22, 2005. Retrieved October 4, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005</a> <a href="#fnref:295" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:296">Heise Online (October 28, 2006) <a href="#fnref:296" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:297">Heise Online (October 28, 2006) <a href="#fnref:297" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:298">Hutcheon 2007 <a href="#fnref:298" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:299">Bomis.com (February 24, 2010) <a href="#fnref:299" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:300">Bomis.com (August 15, 2013) <a href="#fnref:300" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:301">Bomis.com (August 27, 2014) <a href="#fnref:301" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:302">Bomis.com (October 6, 2014) <a href="#fnref:302" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:303">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:303" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:304">Schiff 2006 <a href="#fnref:304" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:305">Romero 2011 <a href="#fnref:305" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:306">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:306" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:307">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:307" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:308">Bernstein 2011, p. 34 <a href="#fnref:308" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:309">Hansen 2005 <a href="#fnref:309" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:310">Romero 2011 <a href="#fnref:310" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:311">Jimmy Wales' edits to Wikipedia to change information about Bomis and remove references to Larry Sanger as co-founder of the site was reported in The Times,[25] Wired,[6] New Statesman,[39] Time,[116] the Herald Sun,[81] The New Yorker,[40] and The New York Times.[41] <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" target="_blank">/wiki/Jimmy_Wales</a> <a href="#fnref:311" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:312">Romero 2011 <a href="#fnref:312" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:313">Hansen 2005 <a href="#fnref:313" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:314">Mitchell 2005 <a href="#fnref:314" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:315">Rosenzweig 2013 <a href="#fnref:315" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:316">Hansen 2005 <a href="#fnref:316" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:317">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:317" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:318">Hansen 2005 <a href="#fnref:318" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:319">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:319" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:320">Henderson 2008, p. 500 <a href="#fnref:320" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:321">Bergstein (April 2, 2007) <a href="#fnref:321" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:322">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:322" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:323">Schiff 2006 <a href="#fnref:323" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:324">Blakely 2005 <a href="#fnref:324" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:325">Craig 2013, p. 84 <a href="#fnref:325" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:326">Bernstein 2011, p. 34 <a href="#fnref:326" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:327">Poe 2006 <a href="#fnref:327" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:328">The Sunday Times 2011 <a href="#fnref:328" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:329">Neate 2008 <a href="#fnref:329" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:330">Buckland 2011, p. 1 <a href="#fnref:330" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:331">Greenwald 2013, p. 82 <a href="#fnref:331" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:332">Lewis 2013 <a href="#fnref:332" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:333">Keen 2008, pp. 41–42 <a href="#fnref:333" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:334">Greenwald 2013, p. 82 <a href="#fnref:334" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:335">Mangu-Ward 2007 <a href="#fnref:335" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:336">Paley Center for Media 2014 <a href="#fnref:336" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:337">Tai 2013 <a href="#fnref:337" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:338">Paley Center for Media 2014 <a href="#fnref:338" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:339">Glosserman 2010, Time index 34:30 <a href="#fnref:339" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:340">Wales stated in the 2010 documentary Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia: "You know the press has this idea that I am a porn king. I really wasn't a king of anything, frankly, you know? Because at the time, when we looked at it, we were just like, 'Okay, well, this is what our customers will want, let's follow this.'"[122] <a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Numbers%3F" target="_blank">/wiki/Truth_in_Numbers%3F</a> <a href="#fnref:340" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:341">Mangu-Ward 2007 <a href="#fnref:341" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:342">Mangu-Ward 2007 <a href="#fnref:342" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:343">Jensen 2006 <a href="#fnref:343" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:344">Howe 2008, pp. 58–60 <a href="#fnref:344" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:345">Zittrain 2008, p. 133 <a href="#fnref:345" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:346">Finkelstein (December 18, 2008) <a href="#fnref:346" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:347">Chern 2008 <a href="#fnref:347" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:348">McNichol 2007 <a href="#fnref:348" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Bomis open-in-new

Bomis