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Chimalpopoca
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<h2 id="biography">Biography</h2> <p>Chimalpopoca was born to the Emperor <a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a> and Queen <a href="/facts/Ayauhcihuatl/kH5FBPvE">Ayauhcihuatl</a>. </p> <h3>Rule</h3> <p>Chimalpopoca was crowned in 1417 (some sources say 1416 or 1418), at approximately 20 years old. At that time, Tenochtitlan was a tributary of the <a href="/facts/Tepanec/gIXPWbPk">Tepanec</a> city of <a href="/facts/Azcapotzalco_(altepetl)/KRE9A7J2">Azcapotzalco</a>, which was ruled by his grandfather <a href="/facts/Tezozomoc_(Azcapotzalco)/QUKyjeeu">Tezozomoc</a>. This alliance, and the Mexicas' position within it, was strengthened by Tenochtitlan's loyalty during Tezozomoc's 1418 war with <a href="/facts/Ixtlilxochitl_I/WcMWMXYt">Ixtlilxochitl I</a> of <a href="/facts/Texcoco_(Aztec_site)/zjmGexFf">Texcoco</a>. The conquered city was granted to Tenochtitlan as a tributary. </p> <p><a href="/facts/Nezahualcoyotl_(tlatoani)/SKzWKGBA">Nezahualcoyotl</a>, displaced prince of Texcoco, was living in the mountains. Chimalpopoca interceded with Tezozomoc on his behalf, and Tezozomoc agreed to allow Netzahualcoyotl to live in Tenochtitlan under his protection.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>In 1426 Tezozómoc assisted Chimalpopoca in the construction of a new aqueduct. This aqueduct was of wood, and ran from the elevated place of <a href="/facts/Chapultepec/umrpGtJw">Chapultepec</a> to Tenochtitlan. </p><p>Chimalpopoca also had a causeway constructed to <a href="/facts/Tlacopan/BGxn3xPn">Tlacopan</a>. The causeway contained openings spanned by wooden bridges, which were removed at night. </p><p>Also during his reign he dedicated a stone for sacrifices in the Tlacocomoco section of Tenochtitlan. The conquest of Tequizquiac is also attributed to him. </p> <h2 id="family">Family</h2> <p>Chimalpopoca was the son of <a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a>, the previous ruler,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> but there are some sources<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> that say he was a son of <a href="/facts/Acamapichtli/hV3X8xXH">Acamapichtli</a>, the first ruler of Tenochtitlan, making him <a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a>'s brother. <a href="/facts/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta/9rCwFWVU">Gerónimo de Mendieta</a>, in his <i>Historia eclesiástica indiana</i>, notes the discrepancy and concludes that Huitzilihuitl, Chimalpopoca and <a href="/facts/Itzcoatl/DzCh2cED">Itzcoatl</a> (Chimalpopoca's successor) must have been brothers, based on his understanding of the Aztec system of <a href="/facts/Order_of_succession/RSIExRWd">succession</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>He had many wives and children. One of the wives was his cousin <a href="/facts/Matlalatzin/vl95nU0U">Matlalatzin</a>. His son was <a href="/facts/Tezozomoc_(son_of_Chimalpopoca)/xwaBdF36">Tezozomoc</a>, king of <a href="/facts/Ecatepec/gcaqah9H">Ecatepec</a>. </p><p>Three versions of the family tree of the first Aztec rulers: </p> <table><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Acamapichtli/hV3X8xXH">Acamapichtli</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Itzcoatl/DzCh2cED">Itzcoatl</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Acamapichtli/hV3X8xXH">Acamapichtli</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr></tr><tr><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="6" rowspan="2">Chimalpopoca</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2">Chimalpopoca</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Itzcoatl/DzCh2cED">Itzcoatl</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Huitzilihuitl/0Wgscur3">Huitzilihuitl</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2">Chimalpopoca</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Itzcoatl/DzCh2cED">Itzcoatl</a></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chimalpopoca was a grandson of Acamapichtli and <a href="/facts/Tezozomoc_(Azcapotzalco)/QUKyjeeu">Tezozomoc</a> and half-brother of <a href="/facts/Moctezuma_I/LVLv3f6R">Moctezuma I</a>. </p> <h2 id="death">Death</h2> <p>When Tezozomoc died in 1426 after a long reign, he was succeeded by his son Tayauh (also known as <a href="/facts/Tayatzin/DHAPxftl">Tayatzin</a>). However <a href="/facts/Maxtla/QBzrymhl">Maxtla</a>, ruler of <a href="/facts/Coyoacan/lscvWUys">Coyoacan</a> and brother of Tayauh, usurped the throne. Chimalpopoca allied with Tayauh, and so Maxtla had Chimalpopoca killed, though the details remain unclear. Maxtla also raised the tribute required from Tenochtitlan as further punishment for Chimalpopoca's actions.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>Maxtla subsequently named their brother, <a href="/facts/Itzcoatl/DzCh2cED">Itzcoatl</a>, the <i>tlatoani</i> of the region. However, Itzcoatl quickly allied himself with <a href="/facts/Nezahualcoyotl_(tlatoani)/SKzWKGBA">Nezahualcoyotl</a> of Texcoco and <a href="/facts/Totoquihuaztli_I/WVmTISu5">Totoquihuatzin</a> of Tlacopan, and they collectively took down Maxtla, who had remained the Tepanec king.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Mexico portal</li><li>Biography portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Tenochtitlan_rulers/na6p4lMm">List of Tenochtitlan rulers</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>"Azcapotzalco", <i>Enciclopedia de México</i>, vol. 2. Mexico City: 1987. (in Spanish)</li> <li>"Chimalpopoca", <i>Enciclopedia de México</i>, vol. 4. Mexico City: 1987. (in Spanish)</li> <li>García Puron, Manuel, <i>México y sus gobernantes</i>, vol. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984. (in Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Susan_D._Gillespie/pVS8DnzH">Gillespie, Susan D.</a> (1989). <i>The Aztec Kings: The Construction of Rulership in Mexica History</i>. The University of Arizona Press: Tucson & London. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-8165-1339-2.</li> <li>Orozco Linares, Fernando, <i>Gobernantes de México</i>. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 968-38-0260-5. (in Spanish)</li> <li>Santamarina, Carlos (2006). <i>El sistema de dominación azteca. El Imperio Tepaneca</i>. Madrid: Fundación Universitaria Española. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-84-7392-619-5. See cap. XIII: 373-402. (in Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hubert_Howe_Bancroft/cRcXHT9D">Hubert Howe Bancroft</a> (1883). <a href="https://archive.org/details/worksofhuberthow19bancrich"><i>The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft: The native races. 1886</i></a>. History Company.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chimalpopoca. <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717041750/http://thevisualhistory.com/TVH/index.html#ce1300">Chimalpopoca entry on The Visual History Project</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"The Life of Hungry Coyote. - Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com. Retrieved 2023-08-30. <a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Life+of+Hungry+Coyote.-a0141997129" target="_blank">https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Life+of+Hungry+Coyote.-a0141997129</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Durán's Historia de las Indias de Nueva España, Chimalpahin's third and seventh Relaciones, the Crónica Mexicayotl, the Leyenda de los Soles, Ixtlilxochitl's Relaciones and his Historia Chichimeca, the Codex Xolotl and the Crónica Mexicana. <a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" target="_blank">/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Mendieta's Historia eclesiástica indiana, Motolinia's Memoriales, the Origen de los Mexicanos, the Relación de la Genealogía, and the Historia de los Mexicanos por sus pinturas. <a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta" target="_blank">/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Gillespie (1989: pp. 12–14) <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Hicks, Frederic (2008). "Mexica Political History". In Brumfiel, Elizabeth M.; Feinman, Gary M. (eds.). The Aztec World. Internet Archive. New York : Abrams ; Chicago : in association with the Field Museum. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-8109-7278-0. <a href="978-0-8109-7278-0" target="_blank">978-0-8109-7278-0</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Hicks, Frederic (2008). "Mexica Political History". In Brumfiel, Elizabeth M.; Feinman, Gary M. (eds.). The Aztec World. Internet Archive. New York : Abrams ; Chicago : in association with the Field Museum. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-8109-7278-0. <a href="978-0-8109-7278-0" target="_blank">978-0-8109-7278-0</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>