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Musala
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<h2 id="climate">Climate</h2> <p>Musala has an alpine climate with long, cold winters and short, cool summers. Usually, through winter, the temperatures do not exceed the freezing point for months. Snow cover lasts for about 8–9 months. Through the summer, temperatures rarely go above 14-15C. The summer season only lasts for 2 months, and snowfalls are possible. For the period 1931–2013, the highest recorded temperature was 20.0 °C (68.0 °F), and the lowest - −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F). The average annual temperature is −2.5 °C (27.5 °F), which makes the peak the coldest place in Bulgaria. </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Musala Peak (2000–2013)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °C (°F)</th><td>7.0(44.6)</td><td>8.0(46.4)</td><td>12.1(53.8)</td><td>13.7(56.7)</td><td>12.6(54.7)</td><td>18.0(64.4)</td><td>20.0(68.0)</td><td>18.7(65.7)</td><td>16.4(61.5)</td><td>14.2(57.6)</td><td>9.6(49.3)</td><td>6.8(44.2)</td><td>20.0(68.0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th><td>−8.2(17.2)</td><td>−7.6(18.3)</td><td>−5.6(21.9)</td><td>−1.2(29.8)</td><td>2.7(36.9)</td><td>7.1(44.8)</td><td>10.1(50.2)</td><td>10.2(50.4)</td><td>6.3(43.3)</td><td>2.2(36.0)</td><td>−1.8(28.8)</td><td>−6.1(21.0)</td><td>0.7(33.3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daily mean °C (°F)</th><td>−11.0(12.2)</td><td>−10.6(12.9)</td><td>−8.6(16.5)</td><td>−4.1(24.6)</td><td>−0.1(31.8)</td><td>4.4(39.9)</td><td>6.9(44.4)</td><td>7.2(45.0)</td><td>3.4(38.1)</td><td>−0.6(30.9)</td><td>−4.4(24.1)</td><td>−8.6(16.5)</td><td>−2.1(28.2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th><td>−13.8(7.2)</td><td>−13.6(7.5)</td><td>−11.6(11.1)</td><td>−7.0(19.4)</td><td>−3.1(26.4)</td><td>1.6(34.9)</td><td>3.7(38.7)</td><td>4.2(39.6)</td><td>0.5(32.9)</td><td>−3.1(26.4)</td><td>−6.9(19.6)</td><td>−11.0(12.2)</td><td>−4.9(23.2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °C (°F)</th><td>−30.6(−23.1)</td><td>−29.8(−21.6)</td><td>−26.8(−16.2)</td><td>−20.6(−5.1)</td><td>−15.6(3.9)</td><td>−12(10)</td><td>−8(18)</td><td>−9.8(14.4)</td><td>−14(7)</td><td>−17.5(0.5)</td><td>−27.4(−17.3)</td><td>−31.2(−24.2)</td><td>−31.2(−24.2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th><td>126(5.0)</td><td>110(4.3)</td><td>130(5.1)</td><td>128(5.0)</td><td>119(4.7)</td><td>105(4.1)</td><td>80(3.1)</td><td>56(2.2)</td><td>47(1.9)</td><td>72(2.8)</td><td>88(3.5)</td><td>115(4.5)</td><td>1,176(46.3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average rainy days</th><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>4</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowy days</th><td>13</td><td>14</td><td>17</td><td>18</td><td>14</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>8</td><td>13</td><td>15</td><td>124</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean monthly <a href="/facts/Sunshine_duration/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a></th><td>114</td><td>112</td><td>140</td><td>127</td><td>168</td><td>181</td><td>250</td><td>250</td><td>182</td><td>169</td><td>128</td><td>104</td><td>1,925</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source: Stringmeteo.com</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Musala Peak, 1991–2020 (elevation 2925m)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °C (°F)</th><td>7.2(45.0)</td><td>4.9(40.8)</td><td>6.5(43.7)</td><td>8.6(47.5)</td><td>13.0(55.4)</td><td>17.6(63.7)</td><td>19.8(67.6)</td><td>19.2(66.6)</td><td>17.9(64.2)</td><td>15.0(59.0)</td><td>11.0(51.8)</td><td>10.2(50.4)</td><td>19.8(67.6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th><td>−6.7(19.9)</td><td>−7.0(19.4)</td><td>−5.1(22.8)</td><td>−1.9(28.6)</td><td>2.4(36.3)</td><td>6.6(43.9)</td><td>9.3(48.7)</td><td>9.7(49.5)</td><td>5.9(42.6)</td><td>2.7(36.9)</td><td>−1.5(29.3)</td><td>−5.3(22.5)</td><td>0.8(33.4)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daily mean °C (°F)</th><td>−9.7(14.5)</td><td>−10.0(14.0)</td><td>−8.2(17.2)</td><td>−4.8(23.4)</td><td>−0.2(31.6)</td><td>3.7(38.7)</td><td>6.0(42.8)</td><td>6.4(43.5)</td><td>2.6(36.7)</td><td>−0.3(31.5)</td><td>−4.3(24.3)</td><td>−8.1(17.4)</td><td>−2.2(28.0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th><td>−12.5(9.5)</td><td>−12.9(8.8)</td><td>−11.1(12.0)</td><td>−7.4(18.7)</td><td>−2.5(27.5)</td><td>1.2(34.2)</td><td>3.3(37.9)</td><td>3.9(39.0)</td><td>0.2(32.4)</td><td>−2.7(27.1)</td><td>−6.8(19.8)</td><td>−10.8(12.6)</td><td>−4.8(23.3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °C (°F)</th><td>−27.5(−17.5)</td><td>−31.6(−24.9)</td><td>−26.8(−16.2)</td><td>−22.5(−8.5)</td><td>−13.5(7.7)</td><td>−9.0(15.8)</td><td>−6.1(21.0)</td><td>−6.0(21.2)</td><td>−11.9(10.6)</td><td>−16.3(2.7)</td><td>−23.2(−9.8)</td><td>−24.9(−12.8)</td><td>−31.6(−24.9)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th><td>75(3.0)</td><td>74(2.9)</td><td>95(3.7)</td><td>98(3.9)</td><td>88(3.5)</td><td>80(3.1)</td><td>72(2.8)</td><td>55(2.2)</td><td>48(1.9)</td><td>40(1.6)</td><td>40(1.6)</td><td>68(2.7)</td><td>833(32.9)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)</th><td>11</td><td>11</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>12</td><td>10</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>11</td><td>123</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean monthly <a href="/facts/Sunshine_duration/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a></th><td>126</td><td>119</td><td>142</td><td>134</td><td>159</td><td>170</td><td>228</td><td>241</td><td>185</td><td>165</td><td>124</td><td>106</td><td>1,899</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source: NOAA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="namesakes">Namesakes</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Musala_Glacier/9SF8zchW">Musala Glacier</a> on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Musala Peak. </p> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Musala. <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Rila/a5VucDeP">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Malyovitsa/7jo6tDjy">Malyovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rila_National_Park/u3lyRBdv">Rila National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_mountains_in_Bulgaria/Nakqdn0w">List of mountains in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Geography_of_Bulgaria/WkYdphoB">Geography of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_mountains_of_the_Balkans/hkaWTgXy">List of mountains of the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_European_ultra-prominent_peaks/eI3sdWKn">List of European ultra-prominent peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_the_highest_European_ultra-prominent_peaks/eI3sdWKn">List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Most_isolated_major_summits_of_Europe/B9DNCRAC">Most isolated major summits of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_mountain_ranges/cmwkhCyd">List of mountain ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bulgaria/3kxQKLru">List of World Heritage Sites in Bulgaria</a></li></ul> <ul><li>"Мусала". <i>Българска енциклопедия А-Я</i> (in Bulgarian). БАН, Труд, Сирма. 2002. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-954-8104-08-1. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/163361648">163361648</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.webcams.bg/6/musala/">Musala – controllable web camera</a> (in Bulgarian)</li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfufGO3eOtg">Musala climb on youtube</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Известия на българското географско дружество, 1964 г. стр. 197. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Bŭlgarski ezik, Volume 19,Institut za bŭlgarski ezik (Bŭlgarska akademii͡a na naukite), 1969, str. 573. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"ГEOграфия'21, брой 5, 2007 г." www.prokarstterra.bas.bg. Retrieved 2023-06-09. <a href="http://www.prokarstterra.bas.bg/geo21/2007/5-07/pp21-22.html" target="_blank">http://www.prokarstterra.bas.bg/geo21/2007/5-07/pp21-22.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Europe Ultra-Prominences". Peaklist. Retrieved 26 February 2015. <a href="http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html" target="_blank">http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/EuroCoreP1500m.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Most Isolated Peak of Europe Countries - Peakbagger.com". <a href="https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=337" target="_blank">https://www.peakbagger.com/list.aspx?lid=337</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Kavlakov, S. (2009-11-16). "Cosmic Ray investigations on peak Musala in Bulgaria: A memoir". Advances in Space Research. Cosmic Rays From Past to Present. 44 (10): 1178–1182. Bibcode:2009AdSpR..44.1178K. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.040. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Musala Peak Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 29, 2023. <a href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/MusalaPeak_64215.csv" target="_blank">https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/MusalaPeak_64215.csv</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Musala Peak Climate Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 29, 2023. <a href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/MusalaPeak_64215.csv" target="_blank">https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/MusalaPeak_64215.csv</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>