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Adrian Chen
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<h2 id="personal-background">Personal background</h2> <p>Chen was born to Harry Chen and Anne Lezak.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> His father Harry is ethnic <a href="/facts/Han_Chinese/gMl0sKy0">Chinese</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> and religiously <a href="/facts/Christians/15hE11VR">Christian</a> and his mother Anne is <a href="/facts/American_Jews/zXED0Gus">Jewish</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> His maternal grandfather was <a href="/facts/Sidney_I._Lezak/bDo96aUV">Sidney I. Lezak</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> former <a href="/facts/United_States_Attorney/6YHz3t2e">U.S. Attorney</a> for Oregon for more than 20 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="investigative-reporting">Investigative reporting</h2> <h3>Silk Road</h3> <p>In June 2011, Chen wrote an exposé of <a href="/facts/Silk_Road_(marketplace)/YQD4n5aT">Silk Road</a>, a <a href="/facts/Darknet_market/pj6xHFVr">darknet market</a> which facilitated online drug purchases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> Following publication of the article, Chen was interviewed about Silk Road on <a href="/facts/NPR/BohIW9Xg">NPR</a>'s <i><a href="/facts/All_Things_Considered/SV9EK70J">All Things Considered</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> As a result of Chen's investigation, United States Senators <a href="/facts/Charles_Schumer/GsrvwB2w">Charles Schumer</a> and <a href="/facts/Joe_Manchin/cAWqcPkI">Joe Manchin</a> publicly called on <a href="/facts/U.S._Attorney_General/8VaY1rlI">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/facts/Eric_Holder/PYqjc6Eh">Eric Holder</a> to shut the site down.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h3>Facebook</h3> <p>In February 2012, Chen interviewed a <a href="/facts/Content_moderator/AwdjqfIW">content moderator</a> from <a href="/facts/ODesk/5Q6jygp8">oDesk</a>, an outsourcing firm hired to enforce <a href="/facts/Facebook/0IhXFR6u">Facebook</a>'s <a href="/facts/Facebook_content_management_controversies/Yynwz5cm">content guidelines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> The article included the guidelines provided by oDesk.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p> <h3>Reddit</h3> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Controversial_Reddit_communities/6bboVH7p">Controversial Reddit communities</a></p> <p>In October 2012, Chen uncovered the background of Michael Brutsch, a moderator who oversaw several controversial Reddit forums such as r/creepshots and r/jailbait, under the username 'Violentacrez'. He arranged a phone interview with Brutsch during which Brutsch mentioned he had a disabled wife and pleaded for him to keep his identity secret. Though Chen claimed this "did shake [him] a bit",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> he published an article revealing his name, location, and workplace on Gawker. The next day, Brutsch was fired from his job. This release of <a href="/facts/Personally_identifiable_information/384PbBg5">personally identifiable information</a> prompted several subreddits to ban all Gawker link submissions from their site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> When Chen's article was published it became banned site-wide, which Reddit general manager Erik Martin said was a mistake. "The sitewide ban of the recent Adrien Chen [<i><a href="/facts/Sic/qB9MUUWF">sic</a></i>] article was a mistake on our part and was fixed this morning. Mods are still free to do what they want in their subreddits".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> Chen claims that apart from Reddit, response to his story had been "overwhelmingly positive", telling <i><a href="/facts/The_Guardian/H84wwJYM">The Guardian</a></i>, "I thought there would be more of a backlash about the story, but people really are willing to accept that anonymity is not a given on the internet and if people use pseudonyms to publish sexualised images of women without their consent, and of underage girls, then there's not really a legitimate claim to privacy".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> For his article revealing Brutsch, Chen received a <a href="/facts/Mirror_Award/fRK3zGDp">Mirror Award</a> for Best Profile in the category of Traditional/Legacy or Digital Media.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> </p><p>The public outpouring of hostility towards Brutsch following the exposé prompted commentators such as <a href="/facts/Danah_boyd/Iwq3cjhE">danah boyd</a> at <i><a href="/facts/Wired_(website)/RQb6gcyf">Wired</a></i> and Michelle Star of <i><a href="/facts/CNET/FefqENNr">CNET</a></i> to question the morality of outing as a way to enforce societal standards online.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> Several commentators have expressed concern that the <a href="/facts/Public_humiliation/W68JkIJV">public shaming</a> of Brutsch may serve as an example to others, legitimizing online vigilantism and exposing individuals such as Brutsch to mass retribution.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> Mez Breeze has suggested in The Next Web that, in outing Brutsch, Chen engaged in a type of trolling, making Brutsch "the victim of unwanted bullying and substantial negative attention" as a result of the exposé.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> </p><p>Reddit users accused Chen of <a href="/facts/Doxing/4BAAFeAk">doxing</a> Brutsch and declared "war" on <i>Gawker</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> </p> <h3>PropOrNot</h3> <p><a href="/facts/PropOrNot/SKx540el">PropOrNot</a> is a group that seeks to expose what it calls <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russian</a> <a href="/facts/Propaganda/nGeaIHVJ">propaganda</a> and published a list of websites they called "bona-fide 'useful idiots'" of the Russian government based on methodology they called "a combination of manual and automated analysis, including analysis of content, timing, technical indicators, and other reporting".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> Chen was critical of <i><a href="/facts/The_Washington_Post/dRvzvqJc">The Washington Post</a></i>'s decision to put the story on its front page. He wrote in an article titled "The Propaganda About Russian Propaganda": "The story topped the <i>Post</i>'s most-read list, and was shared widely by prominent journalists and politicians on Twitter. ... But a close look at the report showed that it was a mess."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> Looking more carefully into their methodology, Chen argued that PropOrNot's criteria for establishing propaganda were so broad that they could have included "not only Russian state-controlled media organizations, such as <i>Russia Today</i>, but nearly every news outlet in the world, including the <i>Post</i> itself" on their list.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-an-algorithm-solve-twitters-credibility-problem">"Can an Algorithm Solve Twitter's Credibility Problem?"</a>. Annals of Technology [web only]. <i>The New Yorker</i>. May 5, 2014.</li> <li><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/23/conversion-via-twitter-westboro-baptist-church-megan-phelps-roper">"Unfollow: How a Prized Daughter of the Westboro Baptist Church Came to Question Its Beliefs"</a>. Dept. of Technology. <i>The New Yorker</i>. 91 (37): 80–86, 88–93. November 23, 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-propaganda-about-russian-propaganda">"The Propaganda About Russian Propaganda"</a>. News Desk [web only]. <i>The New Yorker</i>. December 1, 2016.</li> <li><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/30/brad-troemel-the-troll-of-internet-art">"The Troll of Internet Art"</a>. Profiles. <i>The New Yorker</i>. 92 (47): 30–35. January 30, 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Chinese_Americans_in_New_York_City/B35aLec1">Chinese Americans in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dark_web/A40ffCpy">Dark web</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Investigative_journalism/j4Rx2wDf">Investigative journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/New_Yorkers_in_journalism/cwJnyjfk">New Yorkers in journalism</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (19 October 2016). "My dad sent me my Chinese name for some reason. Extremely accurate" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/788788489525616640" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/788788489525616640</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Chen, Adrian (9 November 2009). "Please Join Me in Welcoming Myself". Gawker. Archived from the original on 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2012-10-13. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130909225925/http://gawker.com/5399952/please-join-me-in-welcoming-myself" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130909225925/http://gawker.com/5399952/please-join-me-in-welcoming-myself</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Pamphlette, Vol. 1, Issue 1" (PDF). Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="http://pamphlette.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/vol1iss1.pdf" target="_blank">http://pamphlette.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/vol1iss1.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Chen, Adrian (27 November 2013). "Much Ado About Bitcoin". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2014. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/27/opinion/much-ado-about-bitcoin.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/27/opinion/much-ado-about-bitcoin.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Chen, Adrian (25 January 2014). "Romanian Hacker Guccifer Skewered and Glorified The Power Elite". New York Magazine. Retrieved 23 February 2014. <a href="http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/guccifer-2014-2/" target="_blank">http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/guccifer-2014-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Chen, Adrian (16 April 2013). "Goatse and the Rise of the Web's Gross Out Culture". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 23 February 2014. <a href="https://www.wired.com/magazine/2013/04/goatse/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/magazine/2013/04/goatse/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hess, Amanda (15 October 2012). "Gawker Outed Reddit's Most Notorious Troll. Why Isn't Law Enforcement Doing the Same?". Slate. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2012/10/15/reddit_troll_violentacrez_outed_by_gawker_when_will_law_enforcement_catch.html" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2012/10/15/reddit_troll_violentacrez_outed_by_gawker_when_will_law_enforcement_catch.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Chen, Adrian (2012-10-12). "Unmasking Reddit's Violentacrez, The Biggest Troll on the Web". Gawker. Retrieved 2024-06-18. <a href="https://www.gawkerarchives.com/5950981/unmasking-reddits-violentacrez-the-biggest-troll-on-the-web" target="_blank">https://www.gawkerarchives.com/5950981/unmasking-reddits-violentacrez-the-biggest-troll-on-the-web</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Oremus, Will (11 Oct 2012). "Reddit Moderators Ban Gawker in Solidarity With Creepy Porn Purveyor". Slate. Retrieved 2012-10-13. <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/11/reddit_bans_gawker_links_over_adrian_chen_story_about_porn_purveyor_violentacres.html" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/10/11/reddit_bans_gawker_links_over_adrian_chen_story_about_porn_purveyor_violentacres.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Chen, Adrian (4 September 2012). "Anonymous Demands to See Gawker Writer in Ballet Tutu For More Information on Massive FBI Hack". Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008073720/http://gawker.com/5940273" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121008073720/http://gawker.com/5940273</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Douglas, Nick (5 September 2012). "Adrian Chen Will Play Your Internet Game, You Rogue". Slacktory. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://archive.today/20130202151231/http://slacktory.com/2012/09/adrian-chen-will-play-your-internet-game-you-rogue/" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20130202151231/http://slacktory.com/2012/09/adrian-chen-will-play-your-internet-game-you-rogue/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Lennard, Natasha (4 September 2012). "Hackers release Apple data". Salon. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="http://www.salon.com/2012/09/04/hackers_release_apple_data/" target="_blank">http://www.salon.com/2012/09/04/hackers_release_apple_data/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Cooper, Charles (4 September 2012). "Gawker writer dons pink tutu in response to Anonymous demand". CNet. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57506130-93/gawker-writer-dons-pink-tutu-in-response-to-anonymous-demand/" target="_blank">http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57506130-93/gawker-writer-dons-pink-tutu-in-response-to-anonymous-demand/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Adrian Chen". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 3, 2016. <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/contributors/adrian-chen" target="_blank">http://www.newyorker.com/contributors/adrian-chen</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (2 July 2018). "This is also my last piece as a staff writer at the New Yorker. Sad to leave so many brilliant colleagues, but I'm very excited for my next project: I'm working on a book about gamers, based partly on this article, to be published at some point before End Times by Random House" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/1013825675302789121" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/1013825675302789121</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Hsi Chen Obituary (2013) - Rutland, VT - Rutland Herald". Legacy.com. <a href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/rutlandherald/obituary.aspx?pid=166403445" target="_blank">http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/rutlandherald/obituary.aspx?pid=166403445</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (17 May 2017). "@aanatuaa no, my dad's Chinese American" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/864719087775166464" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/864719087775166464</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (25 November 2015). "@DavidADorsey i guess i'm agnostic too. my mom is jewish, my dad christian. didn't grow up religious at all" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/669615434858131456" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/669615434858131456</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (17 January 2013). "@mickeylindsay sidney Lezak" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/291902064861270016" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/291902064861270016</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Turner, Wallace; Times, Special to the New York (6 December 1981). "Oregon's U.s. Attorney Since '61 Leaving Job". The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/06/us/oregon-s-us-attorney-since-61-leaving-job.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/06/us/oregon-s-us-attorney-since-61-leaving-job.html</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Adrian Chen [@AdrianChen] (17 January 2013). "My grandfather was Oregon's U.S. Attorney for 20 yrs + he was most proud of his exercise of discretion. He went easy on Vietnam resisters" (Tweet) – via Twitter. <a href="https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/291757734951522304" target="_blank">https://x.com/AdrianChen/status/291757734951522304</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Adrian Chen (1 June 2011). "The Underground Website Where You Can Buy Any Drug Imaginable". Gawker. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040631/http://gawker.com/5805928/the-underground-website-where-you-can-buy-any-drug-imaginable" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110613040631/http://gawker.com/5805928/the-underground-website-where-you-can-buy-any-drug-imaginable</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>NPR Staff (12 June 2011). "Silk Road: Not Your Father's Amazon.com" (Broadcast radio segment). All Things Considered. NPR. Retrieved 5 November 2011. The e-commerce website Silk Road is being called the Amazon.com of illegal drugs. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2011/06/12/137138008/silk-road-not-your-fathers-amazon-com" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/2011/06/12/137138008/silk-road-not-your-fathers-amazon-com</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>Charles E. Schumer; Joe Manchin (6 June 2011). "Manchin Urges Federal Law Enforcement to Shut Down Online Black Market for Illegal Drugs". Press Releases - Newsroom - Joe Manchin, United States Senator, West Virginia. Archived from the original (Press release) on 2012-05-08. Retrieved 5 November 2011. <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Schumer" target="_blank">/wiki/Charles_E._Schumer</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Schumer Pushes to Shut Down Online Drug Marketplace". NBC New York. Associated Press. 5 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2011. <a href="http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/123187958.html" target="_blank">http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/123187958.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>Slattery, Brennon (10 June 2011). "U.S. Senators Want to Shut Down Bitcoins, Currency of Internet Drug Trade". PC World. Retrieved 28 November 2012. <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/230084/u_s_senators_want_to_shut_down_bitcoins.html" target="_blank">http://www.pcworld.com/article/230084/u_s_senators_want_to_shut_down_bitcoins.html</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>Chen, Adrian (16 February 2012). "Inside Facebook's Outsourced Anti-Porn and Gore Brigade, Where 'Camel Toes' are More Offensive Than 'Crushed Heads'". Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014120019/http://gawker.com/5885714/inside-facebooks-outsourced-anti%2Bporn-and-gore-brigade-where-camel-toes-are-more-offensive-than-crushed-heads" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121014120019/http://gawker.com/5885714/inside-facebooks-outsourced-anti%2Bporn-and-gore-brigade-where-camel-toes-are-more-offensive-than-crushed-heads</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>Chen, Adrian (16 February 2012). "Inside Facebook's Outsourced Anti-Porn and Gore Brigade, Where 'Camel Toes' are More Offensive Than 'Crushed Heads'". Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121014120019/http://gawker.com/5885714/inside-facebooks-outsourced-anti%2Bporn-and-gore-brigade-where-camel-toes-are-more-offensive-than-crushed-heads" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121014120019/http://gawker.com/5885714/inside-facebooks-outsourced-anti%2Bporn-and-gore-brigade-where-camel-toes-are-more-offensive-than-crushed-heads</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>Chen, Adrian (16 February 2012). "Facebook Releases New Content Guidelines, Now Allows Bodily Fluids". Gawker Media. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121010194210/http://gawker.com/5885836/facebook-releases-new-content-guidelines-now-allows-bodily-fluids" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121010194210/http://gawker.com/5885836/facebook-releases-new-content-guidelines-now-allows-bodily-fluids</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>Hill, Kashmir (22 February 2012). "How Facebook Outsources Its Nudity Patrol". Forbes. Retrieved 16 October 2012. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/22/how-facebook-flags-nude-images-without-exposing-your-identity/" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/22/how-facebook-flags-nude-images-without-exposing-your-identity/</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>Popkin, Helen A. S. (17 February 2012). "How Facebook keeps the porn, gore and hate out of your News Feed". MSNBC. 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Retrieved 1 November 2012. <a href="https://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/10/truth-lies-doxxing-internet-vigilanteism/" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/10/truth-lies-doxxing-internet-vigilanteism/</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>Starr, Michelle (17 October 2012). "Gawker, Reddit's Violentacrez and the internet vigilantes". CNET. Retrieved 1 November 2012. <a href="http://www.cnet.com.au/gawker-reddits-violentacrez-and-the-internet-vigilantes-339342046.htm" target="_blank">http://www.cnet.com.au/gawker-reddits-violentacrez-and-the-internet-vigilantes-339342046.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>Boyd, Danah (29 October 2012). "Truth, Lies, and 'Doxxing': The Real Moral of the Gawker/Reddit Story". Wired. 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U.S. News & World Report. <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-11-29/publications-called-russian-propaganda-distributors-consider-suing-anonymous-experts" target="_blank">https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-11-29/publications-called-russian-propaganda-distributors-consider-suing-anonymous-experts</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>Chen, Adrian (December 1, 2016). "The Propaganda About Russian Propaganda". The New Yorker. <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-propaganda-about-russian-propaganda" target="_blank">http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-propaganda-about-russian-propaganda</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>Chen, Adrian (December 1, 2016). "The Propaganda About Russian Propaganda". The New Yorker. <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-propaganda-about-russian-propaganda" target="_blank">http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-propaganda-about-russian-propaganda</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>Title in the online table of contents is "Conversion via Twitter". <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>Online version is titled "Brad Troemel, the Troll of Internet Art". <a href="/wiki/Brad_Troemel" target="_blank">/wiki/Brad_Troemel</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>