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Anderson, Indiana
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<h2 id="etymology">Etymology</h2> <p>The city is named for Chief William "Adam" Anderson, whose mother was <a href="/facts/Lenape/nPwqEfld">Lenape</a> and whose father was of <a href="/facts/Sweden/u3qC7lyj">Swedish</a> descent. Chief Anderson's name in Lenape was <i>Kikthawenund</i>, meaning "creaking boughs".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> The Lenape village was known as "Anderson's Town", though the Moravian missionaries called it "The Heathen Town Four Miles Away". Anderson was also known as "Andersonton" before being formally organized as Anderson. </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Prior to the organization of Madison County, <a href="/facts/William_Conner/xBK4KhYo">William Conner</a> entered the land upon which Anderson is located. Conner later sold the ground to John and Sarah Berry, who donated 32 acres (13 ha) of their land to Madison County on the condition that the county seat be moved from <a href="/facts/Pendleton%2c_Indiana/zqUyoova">Pendleton</a> to Anderson. John Berry laid out the first plat of Anderson on November 7, 1827. In 1828 the seat of justice was moved from Pendleton to Anderson. </p><p>Introduction of <a href="/facts/Internal_improvements/ekQm4Bkj">internal improvements</a> by the <a href="/facts/Indiana_Mammoth_Internal_Improvement_Act/YHW093YM">Mammoth Internal Improvement Act</a> caused a growth in the population in 1837. In December 1838, Anderson was incorporated as a town with 350 inhabitants. The <a href="/facts/Indiana_Central_Canal/b82I2qv1">Central Canal</a>, a branch of the <a href="/facts/Wabash_and_Erie_Canal/RpQXajon">Wabash and Erie Canal</a>, was planned to come through Anderson. Work continued on the canal during 1838 and the beginning of 1839, but the work was soon suspended by the state following effects of the <a href="/facts/Panic_of_1837/mxFMflBX">Panic of 1837</a>. The town again became a sleepy village until 1849, when it was incorporated a second time as a town. Many new commercial ventures located around the courthouse square. </p><p>This incorporation was short-lived, and Anderson once again went back to village status in 1852. However, with the completion of the <a href="/facts/Indianapolis_and_Bellefontaine_Railroad/btYEgCBR">Indianapolis Bellefontaine Railroad</a>, as well as their station in 1852, Anderson burst to life. The third incorporation of Anderson as a town occurred on June 9, 1853. The population continued to increase. On August 28, 1865, with a population of nearly 1,300 people, Anderson was incorporated as a city. </p><p>Between 1853 and the late 19th century, twenty industries of various sizes located there. On March 31, 1887, <a href="/facts/Natural_gas/9MYQ7NAP">natural gas</a> was discovered in Anderson. As the <a href="/facts/Indiana_gas_boom/H77cCnFU">Indiana gas boom</a> began, this discovery led new businesses that could use natural gas, such as glass-making, to move to the city. Anderson grew to such proportions that a <a href="/facts/Cincinnati/PcyTWhS4">Cincinnati</a> newspaper editor labeled the city "The <a href="/facts/Pittsburgh/42yPHyS0">Pittsburgh</a> on <a href="/facts/White_River_(Indiana)/WEAEaY75">White River</a>". Other appellations were "Queen City of the Gas Belt" and (because of the <a href="/facts/Vulcanizing/jmBUqGaz">vulcanizing</a> and rubber tire manufacturing business) "Puncture Proof City". </p><p>In 1897 the <a href="/facts/Interurban/6WbsMlKC">Interurban</a> Railroad was born in Anderson. <a href="/facts/Charles_L._Henry/SD7Y7Wlq">Charles Henry</a>, a large stock holder, coined the term "Interurban" in 1893. It continued to operate until 1941. The Commercial Club (formed on November 18, 1905) was the forerunner of the present <a href="/facts/Chamber_of_commerce/cqRpd4XY">chamber of commerce</a>. </p><p>The year 1912 spelled disaster for Anderson: the natural gas ran out. The city had left its gas-powered lights on day and night, and there are stories of a pocket of natural gas being lit in the river and burning for a prolonged period for the spectacle of it. The result of the loss of natural gas was that several factories moved out. The whole city slowed down. </p><p>This club persuaded the Remy brothers to stay in Anderson and others to locate there. For decades, Delco Remy and Guide Lamp (later Fisher Guide), which during World War II built the <a href="/facts/M3_submachine_gun/LSBM8yMv">M3 submachine gun</a> and the <a href="/facts/FP-45_Liberator/LLYcGbjA">FP-45 Liberator</a> pistol for the Allies, were the top two employers in the city. From 1913 through the 1950s, the Ward-Stilson Company was one of the country's largest producers of uniforms, regalia, furniture and props for the <a href="/facts/Freemasons/zgLC9973">Freemasons</a>, the <a href="/facts/Odd_Fellows/84D751Ds">Odd Fellows</a>, and dozens of other U.S. <a href="/facts/Fraternal_organizations/KE15xbJC">fraternal organizations</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Church_of_God_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/zJIbGoS8">Church of God of Anderson</a> located its world headquarters in Anderson in 1905. Anderson Bible School was opened in 1917, and this was separated from Gospel Trumpet (now known as Warner Press) in 1925. At the same time, it became known as Anderson Bible School and Seminary. In 1925, the name was changed to Anderson College and eventually to <a href="/facts/Anderson_University_(Indiana)/lcLndeEW">Anderson University</a> in 1988. </p><p>Over the years, 17 different types of <a href="/facts/Automobile/I1IsH8IK">automobiles</a> were manufactured in Anderson, with the <a href="/facts/John_William_Lambert/he2l4mHW">Lambert</a> family among the city's leaders in its development and the Buckeye Gasoline Buggy the Lambert product. Many other inventions were perfected in Anderson, including the gas regulator (Miron G. Reynolds), the stamp vending machine (Frank P. Dunn), clothes presser (H. Donald Forse), "Irish Mail" handcars (Hugh Hill), flower car for funeral homes (Francis M. McClain, automatic gearshift (Von D. Polhemus)), Sisson choke (Glenn Sisson), and the <a href="/facts/Vulcanization/jmBUqGaz">vulcanizing</a> process to <a href="/facts/Retread/JVvPLjVn">retread</a> tires (Charles E. Miller). </p><p>Anderson hosted a <a href="/facts/National_Basketball_Association/Vd3EUFfa">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA) franchise for the 1949–50 season, being one of the smaller cities to have had a major league franchise in a <a href="/facts/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada/vLIo3PFF">Big Four</a> American sport. The <a href="/facts/Anderson_Packers/bNNpocoa">Anderson Packers</a> were a founding member of the NBA (under that name), but folded after one season.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>Like most other industrial cities in Indiana and the <a href="/facts/Rust_Belt/W91XSt7x">Rust Belt</a> as a whole, Anderson suffered tremendously from <a href="/facts/Deindustrialization/DCGYhT1B">deindustrialization</a> in the 1970s and 1980s. For example, nearly 22,000 people were employed by <a href="/facts/General_Motors/rBgP3IRK">General Motors</a> in the 1970s in Anderson; by 2006 this number had declined to fewer than 2,600. Anderson has since struggled with higher rates of poverty and unemployment. </p> <h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>Anderson is located in south-central Madison County at <a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Anderson,_Indiana¶ms=40.100041_N_85.681525_W_type:city_region:US-IN">40°06′00″N 85°40′53″W / 40.100041°N 85.681525°W / 40.100041; -85.681525</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The city of Anderson occupies all of <a href="/facts/Anderson_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/hrIMVDvs">Anderson Township</a> except for the much smaller communities of <a href="/facts/Country_Club_Heights%2c_Indiana/VuCKoQcN">Country Club Heights</a>, <a href="/facts/Edgewood%2c_Indiana/EPkh4x7q">Edgewood</a>, <a href="/facts/River_Forest%2c_Indiana/JtQha0hy">River Forest</a>, and <a href="/facts/Woodlawn_Heights%2c_Indiana/Fs8Jg0C5">Woodlawn Heights</a>, as well as small parts of five other townships: <a href="/facts/Lafayette_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/I2EHNFMV">Lafayette</a>, <a href="/facts/Richland_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/4TvbBKgS">Richland</a>, <a href="/facts/Union_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/RQ8tG6Jy">Union</a>, <a href="/facts/Adams_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/ptNKBxJB">Adams</a>, and <a href="/facts/Fall_Creek_Township%2c_Madison_County%2c_Indiana/TwjMxJSb">Fall Creek</a>. </p><p><a href="/facts/Indiana_State_Road_32/1u8l5ILu">Indiana State Road 32</a> (14th Street) crosses the city center, leading east-northeast 19 miles (31 km) to <a href="/facts/Muncie%2c_Indiana/423E8gDl">Muncie</a> and west-southwest the same distance to <a href="/facts/Noblesville%2c_Indiana/RNa5pItf">Noblesville</a>. <a href="/facts/Indiana_State_Road_9/jsNKG0uC">State Road 9</a> (Scatterfield Road) crosses the east side of the city, leading north 11 miles (18 km) to <a href="/facts/Alexandria%2c_Indiana/SUL7t9Vz">Alexandria</a> and southwest 10 miles (16 km) to <a href="/facts/Pendleton%2c_Indiana/zqUyoova">Pendleton</a>. <a href="/facts/Interstate_69/1Fn0h3r8">Interstate 69</a> crosses the southeast corner of the city, with access from Exit 226 (SR 9/<a href="/facts/Indiana_State_Road_109/X1X3rPEp">SR 109</a>). I-69 leads southwest 40 miles (64 km) to <a href="/facts/Indianapolis/r8BQof9G">Indianapolis</a> and northeast 83 miles (134 km) to <a href="/facts/Fort_Wayne%2c_Indiana/7SphYnWd">Fort Wayne</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/facts/U.S._Census_Bureau/heKtzoXX">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, Anderson has a total area of 41.7 square miles (108.00 km2), of which 41.6 square miles (108 km2) are land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2), or 0.27%, are water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/White_River_(Indiana)/WEAEaY75">White River</a> flows east to west through the northern part of the city. </p> <h3>Climate</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Anderson(Sewage PLT)-2006-2020 normals</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °F (°C)</th><td>35.4(1.9)</td><td>38.2(3.4)</td><td>50.8(10.4)</td><td>62.8(17.1)</td><td>73.3(22.9)</td><td>81.5(27.5)</td><td>83.9(28.8)</td><td>82.4(28.0)</td><td>76.9(24.9)</td><td>64.9(18.3)</td><td>50.9(10.5)</td><td>40.2(4.6)</td><td>61.8(16.5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Daily mean °F (°C)</th><td>28.1(−2.2)</td><td>30.3(−0.9)</td><td>41.9(5.5)</td><td>52.4(11.3)</td><td>63.4(17.4)</td><td>71.9(22.2)</td><td>74.3(23.5)</td><td>72.8(22.7)</td><td>66.9(19.4)</td><td>55.2(12.9)</td><td>42.6(5.9)</td><td>33.3(0.7)</td><td>52.8(11.5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °F (°C)</th><td>20.8(−6.2)</td><td>22.3(−5.4)</td><td>33.1(0.6)</td><td>42.1(5.6)</td><td>53.4(11.9)</td><td>62.2(16.8)</td><td>64.8(18.2)</td><td>63.3(17.4)</td><td>56.9(13.8)</td><td>45.4(7.4)</td><td>34.3(1.3)</td><td>26.4(−3.1)</td><td>43.8(6.5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Precipitation/uq3nGQc8">precipitation</a> inches (mm)</th><td>2.79(71)</td><td>3.03(77)</td><td>4.15(105)</td><td>4.73(120)</td><td>4.38(111)</td><td>5.89(150)</td><td>3.94(100)</td><td>3.64(92)</td><td>2.92(74)</td><td>3.70(94)</td><td>3.57(91)</td><td>3.54(90)</td><td>46.28(1,175)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowfall inches (cm)</th><td>7.0(18)</td><td>6.6(17)</td><td>1.6(4.1)</td><td>0.2(0.51)</td><td>trace</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>0.0(0.0)</td><td>trace</td><td>0.4(1.0)</td><td>5.1(13)</td><td>20.9(53.61)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average extreme snow depth inches (cm)</th><td>5(13)</td><td>4(10)</td><td>2(5.1)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>4(10)</td><td>5(13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 Inches)</th><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>13</td><td>12</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>11</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>121</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 Inches)</th><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Relative_humidity/Nwb28VlT">relative humidity</a> (%)</th><td>71</td><td>68</td><td>67</td><td>65</td><td>67</td><td>68</td><td>69</td><td>68</td><td>64</td><td>65</td><td>70</td><td>73</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean monthly <a href="/facts/Sunshine_duration/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a></th><td>114.7</td><td>138.4</td><td>186</td><td>210</td><td>266.6</td><td>306</td><td>313.1</td><td>294.5</td><td>246</td><td>204.6</td><td>156</td><td>127.1</td><td>2,563</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily <a href="/facts/Sunshine_duration/wVBusklh">sunshine hours</a></th><td>3.7</td><td>4.9</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8.6</td><td>10.2</td><td>10.1</td><td>9.5</td><td>8.2</td><td>6.6</td><td>5.2</td><td>4.1</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily <a href="/facts/Daytime/nR7raDjV">daylight hours</a></th><td>9.7</td><td>10.7</td><td>12</td><td>13.3</td><td>14.4</td><td>15</td><td>14.7</td><td>13.7</td><td>12.4</td><td>11.1</td><td>10</td><td>9.4</td><td>12.2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average <a href="/facts/Ultraviolet_index/Q5Qg1IeV">ultraviolet index</a></th><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source 1: NOAA NCEI<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> National Weather Service(Snow-Precipitation days)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source 2: Weather Atlas(Sun-daylight-UV)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> climate data (Humidity)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="14">Climate data for Anderson, Indiana</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Month</th><th scope="col">Jan</th><th scope="col">Feb</th><th scope="col">Mar</th><th scope="col">Apr</th><th scope="col">May</th><th scope="col">Jun</th><th scope="col">Jul</th><th scope="col">Aug</th><th scope="col">Sep</th><th scope="col">Oct</th><th scope="col">Nov</th><th scope="col">Dec</th><th scope="col">Year</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record high °F (°C)</th><td>69(21)</td><td>72(22)</td><td>85(29)</td><td>90(32)</td><td>96(36)</td><td>104(40)</td><td>105(41)</td><td>102(39)</td><td>103(39)</td><td>92(33)</td><td>81(27)</td><td>75(24)</td><td>105(41)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily maximum °F (°C)</th><td>32.3(0.2)</td><td>36.5(2.5)</td><td>48.1(8.9)</td><td>60.7(15.9)</td><td>71.6(22.0)</td><td>80.6(27.0)</td><td>83.7(28.7)</td><td>81.6(27.6)</td><td>75.7(24.3)</td><td>63.9(17.7)</td><td>50.4(10.2)</td><td>37.1(2.8)</td><td>60.2(15.7)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Mean daily minimum °F (°C)</th><td>17.4(−8.1)</td><td>20.9(−6.2)</td><td>31.5(−0.3)</td><td>40.3(4.6)</td><td>50(10)</td><td>59.3(15.2)</td><td>63.2(17.3)</td><td>61.1(16.2)</td><td>54.3(12.4)</td><td>43.1(6.2)</td><td>34.4(1.3)</td><td>23.5(−4.7)</td><td>41.6(5.3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Record low °F (°C)</th><td>−24(−31)</td><td>−19(−28)</td><td>−7(−22)</td><td>16(−9)</td><td>23(−5)</td><td>36(2)</td><td>42(6)</td><td>39(4)</td><td>26(−3)</td><td>15(−9)</td><td>−4(−20)</td><td>−22(−30)</td><td>−24(−31)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average rainfall inches (cm)</th><td>2(5.1)</td><td>2.2(5.6)</td><td>3.5(8.9)</td><td>4(10)</td><td>3.8(9.7)</td><td>3.5(8.9)</td><td>4.1(10)</td><td>3.4(8.6)</td><td>3.1(7.9)</td><td>2.6(6.6)</td><td>3.3(8.4)</td><td>3.1(7.9)</td><td>38.6(97.6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Average snowfall inches (cm)</th><td>6(15)</td><td>5.7(14)</td><td>2.3(5.8)</td><td>0.3(0.76)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0(0)</td><td>0.8(2.0)</td><td>4.8(12)</td><td>19.2(49)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source 1: <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="14">Source 2: <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="demographics">Demographics</h2> Historical population<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col">Pop.</th><th scope="col">Note</th><th scope="col">%±</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1850_United_States_census/WTl410x7">1850</a></th><td>383</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1860_United_States_census/E3jCbqK4">1860</a></th><td>1,196</td><td></td><td>212.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1870_United_States_census/oTcEXqLs">1870</a></th><td>3,126</td><td></td><td>161.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1880_United_States_census/b380C0t1">1880</a></th><td>4,126</td><td></td><td>32.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1890_United_States_census/RWFwbtDd">1890</a></th><td>10,741</td><td></td><td>160.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1900_United_States_census/P5KTGX4m">1900</a></th><td>20,178</td><td></td><td>87.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1910_United_States_census/tx8Dybwo">1910</a></th><td>22,476</td><td></td><td>11.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1920_United_States_census/qo2C2mIy">1920</a></th><td>29,767</td><td></td><td>32.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1930_United_States_census/3WmH6q6D">1930</a></th><td>39,804</td><td></td><td>33.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1940_United_States_census/CgDsD5ud">1940</a></th><td>41,572</td><td></td><td>4.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1950_United_States_census/4dUrAXAY">1950</a></th><td>46,820</td><td></td><td>12.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1960_United_States_census/W9P7TDzt">1960</a></th><td>49,061</td><td></td><td>4.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1970_United_States_census/r1LsT35a">1970</a></th><td>70,787</td><td></td><td>44.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1980_United_States_census/UjEXH7Ba">1980</a></th><td>64,695</td><td></td><td>−8.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/1990_United_States_census/uPN5syw5">1990</a></th><td>59,459</td><td></td><td>−8.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2000_United_States_census/oFBpAEqK">2000</a></th><td>59,734</td><td></td><td>0.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2010_United_States_census/RoYVI17A">2010</a></th><td>56,129</td><td></td><td>−6.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/facts/2020_United_States_census/dTEm5TRr">2020</a></th><td>54,788</td><td></td><td>−2.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2025 (est.)</th><td>55,703</td><td><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></td><td>1.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Source: US Census Bureau</td></tr></tbody></table> <h3>2010 census</h3> <p>As of the <a href="/facts/2010_United_States_Census/RoYVI17A">2010 census</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> there were people, households, and families living in the city. The population density was 1,356.8 inhabitants per square mile (523.9/km2). There were housing units at an average density of 675.7 per square mile (260.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 78.8% <a href="/facts/White_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">White</a>, 15.2% <a href="/facts/African_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">African American</a>, 0.3% <a href="/facts/Native_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Native American</a>, 0.5% <a href="/facts/Asian_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Asian</a>, 2.6% from <a href="/facts/Race_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">other races</a>, and 2.6% from two or more races. <a href="/facts/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/facts/Latino_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Latino</a> of any race were 4.8% of the population. </p><p>Of the extant households 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.8% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.6% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.91. </p><p>The median age in the city was 37.8 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 16.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.9% male and 52.1% female. </p> <h3>2000 census</h3> <p>As of the <a href="/facts/2000_United_States_Census/oFBpAEqK">2000 census</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> there were people, households, and families living in the city. The population density was 1,491.6 inhabitants per square mile (575.9/km2). There were housing units at an average density of 690.3 per square mile (266.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.99% <a href="/facts/White_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">White</a>, 14.88% <a href="/facts/African_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">African American</a>, 0.31% <a href="/facts/Native_American_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Native American</a>, 0.49% <a href="/facts/Asian_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Asian</a>, 0.02% <a href="/facts/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)/22BvCgE5">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.86% from <a href="/facts/Race_(United_States_Census)/TmVxjULy">other races</a>, and 1.45% from two or more races. <a href="/facts/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/facts/Latino_(U.S._Census)/TmVxjULy">Latino</a> of any race were 2.07% of the population. </p><p>There were 25,274 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 15.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.87. </p><p>In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 23.2% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there </p> <h2 id="government">Government</h2> <p>The city government consists of a mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected in citywide vote. The city council consists of nine members. Six are elected from individual districts. Three members are elected at large. </p> <h2 id="economy">Economy</h2> <p>When <a href="/facts/General_Motors/rBgP3IRK">General Motors</a> closed its operations in Anderson, the city was dealt a major economic blow, as GM was the biggest employer in Anderson.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Nevertheless, in 2007, Anderson was ranked 98th in the <i><a href="/facts/Forbes/lyULpGhW">Forbes</a></i> List for 100 Best Places for Businesses among Smaller U.S. Metro areas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> However, a more recent (2014) appraisal of Anderson from the <i>Indiana Business Review</i> was mixed, noting that "long-term trends are negative", citing "a long-term downward trend in area employment" and "acceleration in the number of food stamp recipients". More recent unemployment has been reduced, but improvements still lag behind the rest of the state.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>For 2013, estimated household median income was $33,574 (vs. Indiana state median of $48,248). Per capita money income was $18,216 (Indiana per capita of $24,635). 25.8% of the city's population was estimated at living below poverty level, vs. a statewide estimation of 15.4%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Madison County, of which Anderson is the seat, has nearly three times as many food stamps recipients per capita as does Indiana as a whole.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p>As of February 2019, the ten largest employers in Madison County were:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Rank</th><th>Employer</th><th># of employees</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>Community Hospital Anderson</td><td>1,980</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/St._Vincent_Health/tllvE8W3">St. Vincent Health</a></td><td>1,410</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/facts/Nestl%25C3%25A9/1GgldXdF">Nestlé</a></td><td>790</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Hoosier_Park/UHBsj7p1">Hoosier Park</a></td><td>785</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>Carter Express</td><td>680</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/facts/Anderson_University_(Indiana)/lcLndeEW">Anderson University</a></td><td>530</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>Continuum</td><td>500</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/facts/Kroger/a4l0e6z2">Kroger</a>/<a href="/facts/Pay_Less_Super_Markets/VVRtrC65">Pay Less Super Markets</a></td><td>440</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>Greenville Technology Inc.</td><td>395</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Walmart/E6dPQV2m">Walmart</a></td><td>365</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="points-of-interest">Points of interest</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Anderson_Center_for_the_Arts/gttFMCPz">Anderson Center for the Arts</a> (listed on the <a href="/facts/National_Register_of_Historic_Places/leUNvfW6">National Register of Historic Places</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Anderson_Speedway/EoLRK3Xf">Anderson Speedway</a>, home of the Pay Less Little 500 and Redbud 400</li> <li><a href="/facts/Anderson_Downtown_Historic_District_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/3swck07r">Downtown Historic District</a> (NRHP-listed)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Hoosier_Park/UHBsj7p1">Hoosier Park</a> Racing and Casino</li> <li>Madison County Historical Center</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mounds_State_Park/do9KfDVf">Mounds State Park</a> (NRHP-listed), adjacent to the eastern border of the city</li> <li><a href="/facts/Paramount_Theatre_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/xzjd8Ll5">Paramount Theatre</a> (NRHP-listed)</li> <li>Shadyside Memorial Park and Lake</li> <li>Additional locations on the National Register of Historic Places:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Anderson_Bank_Building/sHAr3loh">Anderson Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Central_Avenue_School_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/1V6LyknP">Central Avenue School</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gruenewald_House/Mlbffm7n">Gruenewald House</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Tower_Hotel_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/E9ydvmGf">Tower Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/West_Central_Historic_District_(Anderson%2c_Indiana)/wVCJ2rKf">West Central Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/West_Eighth_Street_Historic_District/UFKA4KjY">West Eighth Street Historic District</a></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="education">Education</h2> <p>The majority of the municipality is in the <a href="/facts/Anderson_Community_School_Corporation/p2qo66wz">Anderson Community School Corporation</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> which includes one high school, Anderson High School which serves grades 9 – 12; one junior high school, Highland Middle School (formerly Highland High School) which serves grades 6 – 8, six elementary schools (Eastside, Edgewood, Valley Grove, 10th Street, Erskine, Anderson Elementary) which serve k -5, a kindergarten center (Killbuck), and a preschool (Southview). Until 1997, Anderson had three high schools: Highland, Madison Heights and Anderson. In 1997 Madison Heights was closed and Anderson High School moved into that facility. Beginning in the fall of 2010, Highland High School closed and was converted into a junior high school, consolidating all students in grades 9-12 into Anderson High School. </p><p>Small portions of the city limits are in the South Madison Community School Corporation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p><p>Anderson also has a charter school (non-traditional, tuition-free public school) called <a href="/facts/Anderson_Preparatory_Academy/YjE59Cp5">Anderson Preparatory Academy</a>. Currently, Anderson Preparatory Academy features grades K-12. Anderson Preparatory Academy is a college preparatory, military-based academy. All cadets in grades 6-8 are members of the Civil Air Patrol. High school cadets are all members of the Air Force JROTC program. Original plans called to only offer grades 6–9, then add on another upper grade each year before extending the lower years. </p><p><a href="/facts/Anderson_University_(Indiana)/lcLndeEW">Anderson University</a> is within the city, as are a campus of the <a href="/facts/Ivy_Tech_Community_College_of_Indiana/d02U3tGm">Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana</a> and a campus of the <a href="/facts/Purdue_Polytechnic_Institute/dRuTdltL">Purdue Polytechnic Institute</a>. </p><p>The city has a lending library, the Anderson Public Library.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notable-people">Notable people</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Harold_Achor/1ARYvBSd">Harold Achor</a>, justice of the <a href="/facts/Indiana_Supreme_Court/rtDf7XTB">Indiana Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Jermaine_Allensworth/pdX07PV7">Jermaine Allensworth</a>, professional baseball outfielder</li> <li><a href="/facts/Silas_Allred/AsRB1Y2M">Silas Allred</a>, collegiate wrestler</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lowell_Amos/kCzA382w">Lowell Amos</a>, convicted "Black Widower" murderer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Melvin_E._Biddle/hfhCbuSo">Melvin E. Biddle</a>, World War II <a href="/facts/Medal_of_Honor/aCKrPP3N">Medal of Honor</a> recipient</li> <li><a href="/facts/Don_Brandon/UhCx7E2g">Don Brandon</a>, Hall of Fame baseball coach from Anderson University</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jann_Browne/v9CoG9qh">Jann Browne</a>, country music singer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gary_Burton/Nb6vXaWV">Gary Burton</a>, jazz vibraphonist</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bob_Carey_(racing_driver)/vM9qLwg4">Bob Carey</a>, Indy car driver</li> <li><a href="/facts/Everett_Case/yv70Fpfg">Everett Case</a>, nicknamed "Gray Fox", basketball coach notable for tenure at North Carolina State University, 1946–1964</li> <li><a href="/facts/Joshua_Crockett/NB6omaqA">Joshua Crockett</a>, sixth president of <a href="/facts/Bob_Jones_University/JKl4klEl">Bob Jones University</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Buck_Crouse/2QLGl1Am">Buck Crouse</a>, MLB catcher</li> <li><a href="/facts/James_J._Davis/me7IHXoM">James Davis</a>, politician, <a href="/facts/U.S._Secretary_of_Labor/twY0XVVP">U.S. Secretary of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Winfield_T._Durbin/kYNfPmXC">Winfield T. Durbin</a>, politician, former <a href="/facts/Governor_of_Indiana/t7l4tkd2">governor of Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cory_Edwards/hmQ2NpTJ">Cory Edwards</a>, producer of <i><a href="/facts/Hoodwinked!/M40ul4IG">Hoodwinked!</a></i>; created internet series <i><a href="/facts/Krogzilla/FPJ5vDDb">Krogzilla</a></i> on <a href="/facts/Smosh/VpnBm4Sx">Smosh</a>'s Shut Up Cartoons channel</li> <li><a href="/facts/Carl_Erskine/Re93y6Sm">Carl Erskine</a>, Professional baseball player, BKN/LA Dodgers Pitcher from 1948 to 1959.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gordon_Gordon/pLErowhP">Gordon Gordon</a>, crime novelist</li> <li><a href="/facts/Krystal_Harris/LHGnly2g">Krystal Harris</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Charles_L._Henry/SD7Y7Wlq">Charles L. Henry</a>, politician, congressman, coiner of term "interurban"</li> <li><a href="/facts/William_Leo_Higi/UIKQ04Pr">William Leo Higi</a>, bishop of the <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Lafayette_in_Indiana/TzdorhSn">Diocese of Lafayette in Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Orville_Hodge/f3yxsmlf">Orville Hodge</a>, <a href="/facts/Embezzler/I93p3Xj2">embezzler</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gary_Hoover/ytn51kDX">Gary Hoover</a>, businessman, author, entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/facts/Robert_Kessler/3qwaDSYj">Robert Kessler</a>, 1st Team <a href="/facts/All-American/kF5YB2Ib">All-American</a> and 2x First-team <a href="/facts/Big_Ten/0IzwKheT">Big Ten</a> basketball player for <a href="/facts/Purdue_University/dRuTdltL">Purdue University</a> from 1933 to 1936</li> <li><a href="/facts/James_Kilgore/1ppNG7dB">James Kilgore</a>, <a href="/facts/Symbionese_Liberation_Army/0t19aruQ">Symbionese Liberation Army</a> member</li> <li><a href="/facts/John_William_Lambert/he2l4mHW">John William Lambert</a>, inventor of first successful U.S. gasoline automobile</li> <li><a href="/facts/Adam_Lind/SkVU5sT5">Adam Lind</a>, MLB player for <a href="/facts/Washington_Nationals/TlC7I5ap">Washington Nationals</a>, <a href="/facts/Seattle_Mariners/oAn51uEd">Seattle Mariners</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Matt_Lutz/TSvu8MvW">Matt Lutz</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/facts/Von_Mansfield/WDY9Gy5g">Von Mansfield</a>, NFL defensive back</li> <li><a href="/facts/Brittany_Mason/HTnjjJDY">Brittany Mason</a>, model</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mack_Mattingly/cEJBoIe2">Mack Mattingly</a>, politician, Georgia senator</li> <li><a href="/facts/Gary_McGhee/9UYPM1FM">Gary McGhee</a>, professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jon_McLaughlin_(musician)/GjeqoSq7">Jon McLaughlin</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Phyllis_Reynolds_Naylor/5at3jBY1">Phyllis Reynolds Naylor</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/facts/Phill_Niblock/VgL8VkCl">Phill Niblock</a>, composer and filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/facts/Bruce_Nickells/GtlGsVW1">Bruce Nickells</a>, <a href="/facts/Harness_racing/8FgIwp7l">harness racing</a> driver and trainer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sandi_Patty/DKBy4sf2">Sandi Patty</a>, singer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Amber_Portwood/mjqFweyK">Amber Portwood</a>, TV personality</li> <li><a href="/facts/James_Rebhorn/vIvd9s5v">James Rebhorn</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/facts/Kris_Roe/rFyCd45f">Kris Roe</a> (<a href="/facts/The_Ataris/rFyCd45f">The Ataris</a>), singer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Donald_Starr/xSXqtCRv">Donald Starr</a>, journalist and war correspondent for the <a href="/facts/Chicago_Tribune/Bbms9uy5">Chicago Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kevin_Stein/dvzfjo2P">Kevin Stein</a>, poet laureate of <a href="/facts/Illinois/MuPb1Ctn">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fred_Mustard_Stewart/NrLmc83c">Fred Mustard Stewart</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/facts/Max_Terhune/uTNgaBxH">Max Terhune</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ray_Tolbert/er5IY5eS">Ray Tolbert</a>, basketball player for <a href="/facts/Indiana_Hoosiers_men%2527s_basketball/xddqgzzH">Indiana</a>'s 1981 NCAA championship team</li> <li><a href="/facts/Greg_Van_Alst/IuvPMkoA">Greg Van Alst</a>, <a href="/facts/NASCAR/k0C0366n">NASCAR</a> driver</li> <li><a href="/facts/Albert_Henry_Vestal/c5877mAQ">Albert Henry Vestal</a>, majority whip of <a href="/facts/United_States_House_of_Representatives/cdBPb9pY">House of Representatives</a>, 1923–1931</li> <li><a href="/facts/Len_Walston/nJVFLlvw">Len Walston</a>, singer-songwriter and music producer</li> <li><a href="/facts/Louis_J._Weichmann/kTtqyo08">Louis J. Weichmann</a>, witness for the prosecution in the trial of the alleged conspirators involved in the <a href="/facts/Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln/NeECoE1I">assassination of Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bob_Wilkerson/edsWoS8G">Bob Wilkerson</a>, basketball player for Indiana's undefeated 1976 NCAA championship team</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jumping_Johnny_Wilson/Q9qnPSy6">Jumping Johnny Wilson</a>, basketball and baseball player</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anderson, Indiana. Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i>Anderson (Indiana)</i>. <ul><li><a href="http://www.cityofanderson.com">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.and.lib.in.us/">Anderson Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.heraldbulletin.com/"><i>The Herald Bulletin</i></a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"P1. Race – Anderson city, Indiana: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 10, 2023. <a href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US1801468&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1" target="_blank">https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=&g=1600000US1801468&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Madison County Historical Society". andersonmchs.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2018. <a href="http://www.andersonmchs.com/chief-anderson.php" target="_blank">http://www.andersonmchs.com/chief-anderson.php</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Anderson Packers". basketball-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on May 11, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100511003050/http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/AND/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100511003050/http://www.basketball-reference.com/teams/AND/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Anderson Leaves Pro Hoop Ranks". Spokane Daily Chronicle. April 11, 1950. Retrieved September 4, 2009.[permanent dead link] <a href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OZYVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6834,4059067&dq=anderson" target="_blank">https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OZYVAAAAIBAJ&pg=6834,4059067&dq=anderson</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011. <a href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html" target="_blank">https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Indiana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 10, 2023. <a href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_18.txt" target="_blank">https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_18.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmosoheric Administration. Retrieved September 19, 2023. <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/#dataset=normals-monthly&timeframe=15&location=IN&station=USC00120177" target="_blank">https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/#dataset=normals-monthly&timeframe=15&location=IN&station=USC00120177</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Climate". NOAA. Retrieved September 19, 2023. <a href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=ind" target="_blank">https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=ind</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Yearly & Monthly Weather - Anderson, IN". weather atlas. Retrieved September 19, 2023. <a href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indiana-usa/anderson-weather-september" target="_blank">https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/indiana-usa/anderson-weather-september</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Anderson Climate:Temperature & Weather by Month". Climate data. Retrieved September 19, 2023. <a href="https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/indiana/anderson-17503/" target="_blank">https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/indiana/anderson-17503/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Weatherbase". Weatherbase. 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Retrieved January 29, 2025. <a href="https://www.indiana-demographics.com/anderson-demographics" target="_blank">https://www.indiana-demographics.com/anderson-demographics</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 11, 2012. <a href="https://www.census.gov" target="_blank">https://www.census.gov</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31. <a href="https://www.census.gov" target="_blank">https://www.census.gov</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Peters, Jeremy W.; Maynard, Micheline (February 20, 2006). "Company Town Relies on G.M. Long After Plants Have Closed". The New York Times. 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