Persistent identifier

<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<p>People and organisations:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/ORCID/Xe65WNUb">Open Researcher and Contributor ID</a> (ORCID)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Research_Organization_Registry/wkTI5vB5">Research Organization Registry</a> (ROR)</li></ul>
<p>Publications:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Virtual_International_Authority_File/ucMpkqkI">Virtual International Authority File</a> (VIAF)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Standard_Name_Identifier/Idzyw926">International Standard Name Identifier</a> (ISNI)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Standard_Book_Number/15AdSPa9">International Standard Book Number</a> (ISBN)</li></ul>
<p><a href="/facts/Uniform_Resource_Identifier/UjyqxTpA">Uniform Resource Identifiers</a>:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Archival_Resource_Key/KAk6MVuI">Archival Resource Key</a> (ARK), with 8.2 billion ARKs issued.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Handle_System/rdebSxmC">Handle System</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Digital_Object_Identifier/muM9Etpq">Digital Object Identifier</a> (DOI), with 200 million DOIs issued.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Magnet_link/dGRRYeXM">Magnet link</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> (decentralized, with <a href="/facts/BitTorrent/HP9ChWWW">BitTorrent</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Uniform_Resource_Name/DCaGkLLY">Uniform Resource Names</a> (URNs)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Extensible_Resource_Identifier/Jnzr81NX">Extensible Resource Identifiers</a> (XRIs)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Persistent_Uniform_Resource_Locator/KKYhANhT">Persistent Uniform Resource Locators</a> (PURLs)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Software_Heritage/GEGCznHS">Software Heritage</a> identifiers (SWHIDs)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wikidata/5Myy74K5">Wikidata</a> Identifier (e.g QIDs)</li></ul>
<p>Combined persistent identifier and archiving functionality is provided by services such as the <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Internet Archive</a> <a href="/facts/Perma.cc/nhKkPGYs">perma.cc</a>, <a href="/facts/Archive.today/B9vA7Vmt">archive.today</a>, and <a href="/facts/WebCite/QtqwJTBU">WebCite</a> such that anyone can archive a web page to prevent link rot of a URL.
</p>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li>Juha Hakala, <a href="http://www.persid.org/downloads/PI-intro-2010-09-22.pdf">"Persistent identifiers – an overview."</a> Posted to Technology Watch Report (TWR): Standards in Metadata and Interoperability, 13 Oct 2010.</li>
<li>Hans-Werner Hilse and Jochen Kothe, <a href="http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/edoc/ah/2006/hilse_kothe/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-isbn-90-6984-508-3-8.pdf"><i>Implementing persistent identifiers: overview of concepts, guidelines and recommendations.</i></a> London / Amsterdam: <a href="/facts/Consortium_of_European_Research_Libraries/vbp4SqBI">Consortium of European Research Libraries</a> and European Commission on Preservation and Access, 2006. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 90-6984-508-3.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/f1-meta-data-assigned-globally-unique-persistent-identifiers/">FAIRDATA F1</a> - F1: (Meta) data are assigned globally unique and persistent identifiers</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>John A. Kunze, "Towards Electronic Persistence Using ARK Identifiers", section 3, California Digital Library [1] <a href="https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/16744455/arkcdl.pdf" target="_blank">https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/16744455/arkcdl.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Sanderson, Robert; Phillips, Mark; Herbert Van de Sompel (2011). "Analyzing the Persistence of Referenced Web Resources with Memento". arXiv:1105.3459 [cs.DL]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Bugeja, Michael (2010). Vanishing Act: The Erosion of Online Footnotes and Implications for Scholarship in the Digital Age. Litwin Books. ISBN 978-1936117147. <a href="978-1936117147" target="_blank">978-1936117147</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Kunze, J. (5 April 2013). "The ARK Identifier Scheme". <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kunze-ark-18" target="_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kunze-ark-18</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"On constructing persistent identifiers with persistent resolution targets". IEEE Conference Publication. Retrieved 8 April 2018. <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7733372" target="_blank">https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7733372</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Persistent identifier open-in-new

Persistent identifier