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Bibliographic database
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Prior to the mid-20th century, individuals searching for published literature had to rely on printed <a href="/facts/Bibliographic_index/NwLY7n42">bibliographic indexes</a>, generated manually from <a href="/facts/Index_card/3b0FnQYB">index cards</a>. </p> <blockquote><p>During the early 1960s computers were used to digitize text for the first time; the purpose was to reduce the cost and time required to publish two American abstracting journals, the <i><a href="/facts/Index_Medicus/yInLeeJe">Index Medicus</a></i> of the <a href="/facts/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine/Hzty0MCX">National Library of Medicine</a> and the <i>Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports</i> of the <a href="/facts/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration/TIMCV0yV">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA). By the late 1960s, such bodies of digitized alphanumeric information, known as bibliographic and numeric databases, constituted a new type of information resource.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Online interactive retrieval became commercially viable in the early 1970s over private telecommunications networks. The first services offered a few databases of indexes and abstracts of scholarly literature. These databases contained bibliographic descriptions of journal articles that were searchable by keywords in author and title, and sometimes by journal name or subject heading. The user interfaces were crude, the access was expensive, and searching was done by librarians on behalf of "end users".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></p></blockquote> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Citation_index/JD6qja3B">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Document-oriented_database/ttVRBHG4">Document-oriented database</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Full-text_database/DXWPvH2t">Full-text database</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Institutional_repository/wnKIUJqk">Institutional repository</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ISBNdb.com/j4417rG4">ISBNdb.com</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines/lwtFTh9l">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Online_public_access_catalog/6lR6JxQW">Online public access catalog</a> (OPAC; library catalog)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Feather, John; Sturges, Paul, eds. (2003). International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science (Second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 127. ISBN 0-415-25901-0. <a href="0-415-25901-0" target="_blank">0-415-25901-0</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Kusserow, Arne; Groppe, Sven (2014). "Getting Indexed by Bibliographic Databases in the Area of Computer Science". Open Journal of Web Technologies. 1 (2). doi:10.19210/OJWT_2014v1i2n02_Kusserow. Retrieved 26 May 2016. <a href="https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojwt/OJWT_2014v1i2n02_Kusserow.html" target="_blank">https://www.ronpub.com/publications/ojwt/OJWT_2014v1i2n02_Kusserow.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Reitz, Joan M. (2004). "bibliographic database". Dictionary for Library and Information Science. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited. p. 70. ISBN 1-59158-075-7. <a href="1-59158-075-7" target="_blank">1-59158-075-7</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Price, Gary (15 May 2019). "Impactstory Announces Beta Release of "Get The Research" Search Engine". LJ infoDOCKET. Retrieved 2020-04-25. <a href="https://www.infodocket.com/2019/05/15/impactstory-announces-beta-release-of-get-the-research-search-engine/" target="_blank">https://www.infodocket.com/2019/05/15/impactstory-announces-beta-release-of-get-the-research-search-engine/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"information processing". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2010. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/information-processing" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/technology/information-processing</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Borgman, Christine L. (2007). Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-0-262-02619-2. <a href="978-0-262-02619-2" target="_blank">978-0-262-02619-2</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>