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Lanuvium
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>According to legend, Lanuvium was founded by <a href="/facts/Diomedes/rA9lJDcj">Diomedes</a>, or by one Lanoios, an exile from <a href="/facts/Troy/RYze9Kpu">Troy</a>. The first documented traces of the settlement date from the 9th century BC and by the 6th century BC it was part of the <a href="/facts/Latin_League/KPdhA8hl">Latin League</a>. </p><p>The city warred against <a href="/facts/Ancient_Rome/cGqIuxPd">Rome</a> at the battles of Aricia (504 BC) and <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Lake_Regillus/kPjFIj7M">Lake Regillus</a> (496 BC), as well as in 383 and 341 BC, mostly with negative outcomes. Rome conquered Lanuvium in 338 BC; at first, its inhabitants did not enjoy the right of <a href="/facts/Roman_citizenship/ag80U8GM">Roman citizenship</a>, but acquired it later. In imperial times the city's chief magistrate and municipal council kept the titles of <i><a href="/facts/Roman_dictator/U8HtKy1f">dictator</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Senatus/yUEd8JpA">senatus</a></i> respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>In the 11th c. the city became known as Civita Lavinia, a result of the confusion between it and ancient <a href="/facts/Lavinium/LckQVCYw">Lavinium</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="cult-of-juno">Cult of Juno</h2> <p>Lanuvium was especially noted for its rich and much venerated temple of <a href="/facts/Juno_(mythology)/6PvC2hmh">Juno</a> Sospes (Livy 8.14; Cic. <i>Nat. D.</i> 1.83; <i>Fin.</i> 2.63), from which <a href="/facts/Augustus/RGfMCR2V">Octavian</a> borrowed money in 31 BC, and the possessions of which extended as far as the coast of the <a href="/facts/Mediterranean/Vr2pzVbM">Mediterranean</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It possessed many other temples repaired by <a href="/facts/Antoninus_Pius/Vmpxy9Fs">Antoninus Pius</a>, who was born close by (S. H. A. <i>Ant. Pius</i> 1), as was <a href="/facts/Commodus/5dlnQE7v">Commodus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="prominent-citizens">Prominent citizens</h2> <p>One prominent native of Lanuvium was <a href="/facts/Lucius_Licinius_Murena_(consul_62_BC)/74jMYBdA">Lucius Licinius Murena</a> (consul of 62 BC), whom <a href="/facts/Cicero/A37U7jaN">Cicero</a> defended in late 63 BC. Others include the actor <a href="/facts/Quintus_Roscius_Gallus/GI7XWtKe">Roscius</a> (Cic. <i>Div.</i> 36), the political agitator <a href="/facts/Titus_Annius_Milo/qnS1UpyT">Titus Annius Milo</a>, who was convicted for the murder of <a href="/facts/Publius_Clodius_Pulcher/jsFCzoLY">Clodius</a> (Cic. <i>Mil.</i> 27) and <a href="/facts/Publius_Sulpicius_Quirinius/uBF4lDjt">Publius Sulpicius Quirinius</a>, consul of 12 BC and later legate of Syria. </p> <h2 id="monuments">Monuments</h2> <p>Remains of the ancient theatre and of the <a href="/facts/City_walls/AQYGI8Mh">city walls</a> exist in the modern town, and above it is an area surrounded by a <a href="/facts/Portico/9yF8G3F6">portico</a>, in <i><a href="/facts/Opus_reticulatum/MXU7LGEf">opus reticulatum</a></i>, upon the north side of which is a rectangular building in <i><a href="/facts/Opus_quadratum/2ngs2Wwl">opus quadratum</a></i>, probably connected with the temple of <a href="/facts/Juno_(mythology)/6PvC2hmh">Juno</a> where archaic decorative <a href="/facts/Terracotta/Yze0TnSH">terracottas</a> artifacts have been found. The <a href="/facts/Acropolis/5Je8NC6c">acropolis</a> of the primitive city was probably on the highest point above the temple to the north. The neighborhood, which is now covered with <a href="/facts/Vineyard/HCEJJcA2">vineyards</a>, contains the remains of many <a href="/facts/Roman_villa/77VyspwY">Roman villas</a>, one of which is traditionally attributed to the Emperor <a href="/facts/Antoninus_Pius/Vmpxy9Fs">Antoninus Pius</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <ul><li> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a>: <a href="/facts/Thomas_Ashby_(archaeologist)/mw8fkSYe">Ashby, Thomas</a> (1911). "Lanuvium". In <a href="/facts/Hugh_Chisholm/2vWblUBe">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition/mPElbCRY">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188.</li></ul> <p><a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lanuvium¶ms=41.674696_N_12.697580_E_region:IT_type:city">41°40′29″N 12°41′51″E / 41.674696°N 12.697580°E / 41.674696; 12.697580</a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli, DARMC, R. Talbert, S. Gillies, T. Elliott, J. Becker (6 May 2021). "Places: 422956 (Lanuvium)". Pleiades. Retrieved December 11, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) <a href="http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422956" target="_blank">http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/422956</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ashby 1911. - Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Lanuvium". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Ashby 1911. - Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Lanuvium". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Stillwell, Richard (1976). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Retrieved 15 December 2019. <a href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0006:id=lanuvium" target="_blank">https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0006:id=lanuvium</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Manlio Lilli (2001). Lanuvium: avanzi di edifici antichi negli appunti di R. Lanciani [Lanuvium: remains of ancient buildings in the notes of R. Lanciani]. L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. ISBN 978-88-8265-151-0. <a href="978-88-8265-151-0" target="_blank">978-88-8265-151-0</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Eric Orlin Professor of Classics University of Puget Sound (30 July 2010). Foreign Cults in Rome: Creating a Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-19-978020-4. <a href="978-0-19-978020-4" target="_blank">978-0-19-978020-4</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Ashby 1911. - Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Lanuvium". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ashby 1911. - Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Lanuvium". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 188. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>R. Neudecker, Die Skulpturenausstattung römischer Villen in Italien (Mainz 1988) 164 ff. Cat. no. 22 <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>