Joseph Jacobs

<h2 id="biography">Biography</h2>
<h3>Early life</h3>
Jacobs was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 29 August 1854.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a>
He was the sixth surviving son of John Jacobs, a <a href="/facts/Publican/5R0NRHBv">publican</a> who had emigrated from London in around 1837, and his wife Sarah, née Myers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a> Jacobs was educated at <a href="/facts/Sydney_Grammar_School/A0ofznAV">Sydney Grammar School</a> and at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Sydney/AzENnAra">University of Sydney</a>, to which he won a scholarship for classics, mathematics and chemistry. He did not complete his studies in Sydney, but left for Britain at the age of 18.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a>

He then studied at <a href="/facts/St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge/NRRfwkfh">St John's College, Cambridge</a>, where he gained a BA in 1876.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> At university he demonstrated a particular interest in mathematics, philosophy, literature, history, and anthropology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> While he was in Britain Jacobs became aware of widespread <a href="/facts/Anti-Semitism/kUpfFkqx">anti-Semitism</a>; to counter this he wrote an essay, "Mordecai", which was published in <a href="/facts/Macmillan%27s_Magazine/6Da7AVjP">Macmillan's Magazine</a> in June 1877<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> Later in 1877 he moved to <a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a> to study Jewish literature and bibliography under <a href="/facts/Moritz_Steinschneider/1nKt0Nwh">Moritz Steinschneider</a>, and Jewish philosophy and ethnology under <a href="/facts/Moritz_Lazarus/akbWqKlv">Moritz Lazarus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
Jacobs then returned to Britain and studied anthropology under <a href="/facts/Francis_Galton/9Hu0Ex1R">Francis Galton</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> At this point he began to further develop his interest in folklore.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> From 1878 to 1884 he served as secretary of the Society of Hebrew Literature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> He was concerned by the anti-Semitic pogroms in the <a href="/facts/Russian_Empire/hg1g5SpV">Russian Empire</a> and in January 1882 wrote letters on the subject to <a href="/facts/The_Times/5BwkodnX">The Times</a> of London. This helped to raise public attention to the issue, resulting in the formation of the <a href="/facts/Mansion_House_Fund_and_Committee/a3PUECeQ">Mansion House Fund and Committee</a>, of which he was secretary from 1882 to 1900.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a> He was the honorary secretary of the literature and art committee of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition held in the <a href="/facts/Royal_Albert_Hall/9u7QUvTD">Royal Albert Hall</a> in London in 1887, and with <a href="/facts/Lucien_Wolf/kqwGNw03">Lucien Wolf</a> he compiled the exhibition catalogue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
In 1888 Jacobs visited Spain to examine old Jewish manuscripts there. The Royal Academy of History at Madrid elected him a corresponding member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a>
In 1891 he returned to the theme of Russian anti-Semitism in a short book, The Persecution of the Jews in Russia, which was published first in London and then in the United States by the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Publication_Society_of_America/67mNq50b">Jewish Publication Society of America</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>
In 1896 Jacobs began publication of the annual Jewish Year Book, continuing the series until 1899, after which it was continued by others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> He was also President of the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Historical_Society/JT0t9bSF">Jewish Historical Society</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h3>Later life</h3>
In 1896 Jacobs visited the United States to deliver lectures on "The Philosophy of Jewish History" at <a href="/facts/Gratz_College/cUKmg1kN">Gratz College</a> in Philadelphia, as well as to groups of the <a href="/facts/Council_of_Jewish_Women/cGIdL8nH">Council of Jewish Women</a> in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
In 1900 he was invited to serve as revising editor for the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Encyclopedia/5I1ELlJV">Jewish Encyclopedia</a>, which included entries from 600 contributors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> He moved to the United States to take on this task.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> He also involved himself in the <a href="/facts/American_Jewish_Historical_Society/okpwTWI0">American Jewish Historical Society</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> became a working member of the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Publication_Society/67mNq50b">Jewish Publication Society</a>'s publication committee.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> and taught at the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Theological_Seminary_of_America/cAWCJvQf">Jewish Theological Seminary of America</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>
Jacobs married Georgina Horne, and fathered two sons and a daughter. In 1900, when he became revising editor of the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Encyclopedia/5I1ELlJV">Jewish Encyclopedia</a>, based in New York, he settled permanently in the United States.
He died on 30 January 1916 at his home in <a href="/facts/Yonkers,_New_York/TUcjIlIc">Yonkers, New York</a>, aged 62.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>

<h2 id="career">Career</h2>

Jacobs was a student of anthropology at the Statistical Laboratory at University College London in the 1880s under <a href="/facts/Francis_Galton/9Hu0Ex1R">Francis Galton</a>. His Studies in Jewish Statistics: Social, Vital and Anthropometric (1891) made his reputation as the first proponent of what was then called "Jewish race science".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>
In 1908 he was appointed a member of the board of seven editors that made a new English translation of the Bible for the <a href="/facts/Jewish_Publication_Society/67mNq50b">Jewish Publication Society</a> of America.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
In 1913 he resigned his positions at the seminary to become editor of the <a href="/facts/American_Hebrew/JEBVHKlv">American Hebrew</a>.
In 1920 Book I of his Jewish Contributions to Civilization, which was practically finished at the time of his death, was published in Philadelphia.
In addition to the books already mentioned, Jacobs edited The Fables of Aesop as First Printed by <a href="/facts/William_Caxton/43wHCLIu">Caxton</a> (1889), Painter's Palace of Pleasure (1890), Baltaser Gracian's Art of Worldly Wisdom (1892), Howell's Letters (1892), Barlaam and Josaphat (1896), The Thousand and One Nights (6 vols, 1896), and others. Jacobs was also a contributor to the <a href="/facts/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/CEyVsjlN">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, and to <a href="/facts/James_Hastings/KCSX0k7X">James Hastings</a>'s <a href="/facts/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_of_Religion_and_Ethics/sT2won1g">Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics</a>.

<h2 id="folklore">Folklore</h2>

Jacobs edited the journal <a href="/facts/Folklore_(journal)/krSH3DfE">Folklore</a> from 1899 to 1900 and from 1890 to 1916 he edited multiple collections of fairy tales that were published with illustrations by <a href="/facts/John_Dickson_Batten/9n75Cp7m">John Dickson Batten</a>: English Fairy Tales, Celtic Fairy Tales, Indian Fairy Tales, More English Fairy Tales, More Celtic Fairy Tales (all 1890 to 1895) and Europa's Fairy Book (also issued as European Folk and Fairy Tales) in 1916.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> He was inspired in this by the <a href="/facts/Brothers_Grimm/HCD2zJF8">Brothers Grimm</a> and the <a href="/facts/Romantic_nationalism/YCwgydvb">romantic nationalism</a> common in folklorists of his age; he wished English children to have access to English fairy tales, whereas they were chiefly reading French and German tales;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> in his own words, "What <a href="/facts/Charles_Perrault/Hgez6Wpx">Perrault</a> began, the Grimms completed."
Although he collected many tales under the name of <a href="/facts/Fairy_tale/ex3X7qku">fairy tales</a>, many of them are unusual sorts of tales. <a href="/facts/Binnorie/RWl7MWY0">Binnorie</a> (in English Fairy Tales)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> and <a href="/facts/Tamlane/yH33STbI">Tamlane</a> (in More English Fairy Tales)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> are prose versions of <a href="/facts/Ballad/fy4mVSDS">ballads</a>, The Old Woman and Her Pig (in English Fairy Tales) is a <a href="/facts/Nursery_rhyme/ghbWCxG4">nursery rhyme</a>, <a href="/facts/Henny_Penny/JKvG8rpn">Henny Penny</a> (in English Fairy Tales) is a <a href="/facts/Fable/VjXy4Ygg">fable</a>, and <a href="/facts/The_Buried_Moon/R4299wfm">The Buried Moon</a> (in More English Fairy Tales) has <a href="/facts/Mythopoeia/ClBkUGU8">mythic</a> overtones to an extent unusual in fairy tales. According to his own analysis of English Fairy Tales, "Of the eighty-seven tales contained in my two volumes, thirty-eight are <a href="/facts/Fairy_tale/ex3X7qku">Märchen proper</a>, ten <a href="/facts/Saga/49wawMXk">sagas</a> or <a href="/facts/Legend/z1qgeFQQ">legends</a>, nineteen <a href="/facts/Droll/LB197uGG">drolls</a>, four <a href="/facts/Cumulative_tale/RVYU132j">cumulative stories</a>, six <a href="/facts/Beast_fable/M2kyVTdg">beast tales</a>, and ten <a href="/facts/Literary_nonsense/j3kRpf78">nonsense stories</a>."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>

<h2 id="reception-and-legacy">Reception and legacy</h2>
During his lifetime Jacobs came to be regarded as "one of the leading English authorities" on folklore,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> and "the leading authority on fairy tales and the migration of fables".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a> Writing in 1954, O. Somech Philips stated that, while Jacobs accomplished many things in his life, it was as a folklorist that "people remember him best".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
Writing Jacobs's obituary for <a href="/facts/The_American_Jewish_Year_Book/z8jyf2lL">The American Jewish Year Book</a>, Mayer Sulzberger characterised him as "one of the important figures in the Jewry of our age", adding that he was "in himself a type of the humanity and universality of the Jewish people".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> Sulzberger praised Jacobs's literary style, commenting that he "wrote with ease and grace", and "might have attained a high place in the illustrious roll of honor of Britain's literary worthies" if he had pursued a career in literature.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> Sulzberger described him as having "a noble nature, incapable of envy", as well an "insatiable thirst for knowledge"; he was "always ready to welcome a fellow-inquirer."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a>
After his death his stories were republished, including in the 1918 book <a href="/facts/English_fairy_tales/CxYlsNpM">English fairy tales</a> by <a href="/facts/Flora_Annie_Steel/mxRWtjhT">Flora Annie Steel</a> with illustrations from <a href="/facts/Arthur_Rackham/ShhNApzo">Arthur Rackham</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>

<h2 id="works">Works</h2>
Sulzberger included a list of his books in his obituary:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a>

<h3>Jewish and Biblical studies</h3>
<ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/jewishquestionb00jacogoog">The Jewish Question, 1875–1884: Bibliographical Hand-list</a>, Trübner, 1885</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924029872987">Studies in Jewish Statistics</a>, 1891</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/jewsangevinengl00jacogoog">The Jews of Angevin England: Documents and Records, from the Latin and Hebrew Sources, Printed and Manuscript</a>, 1893</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/studiesinbiblica00nuttuoft">Studies in Biblical Archaeology</a>, 1894</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/inquiryintosourc00jacorich">An Inquiry into the Sources of the History of the Jews in Spain</a>, 1894</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/asotherssawhimre00jacoiala">As Others Saw Him – A Retrospect A.D. 54</a>, 1895</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/barlaamjosaphate00jacouoft">Barlaam and Josaphat – English Lives of Buddha</a>, 1896</li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia/5I1ELlJV">The Jewish Encyclopedia</a>, from 1900, as a contributor</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/jewishcontributi00jacouoft">Jewish Contributions to Civilisation – An Estimate</a>, 1919</li></ul>
<h3>Literary criticism and studies</h3>
<ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/georgeeliotmatth00jacouoft">George Eliot, Matthew Arnold, Browning, Newman: Essays and Reviews from "The Athenaeum"</a>, 1891</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/tennysoninmemori00jacouoft">Tennyson and "In Memoriam": An Appreciation and a Study</a>, 1892</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/literarystudies00jacorich">Literary Studies</a>, 1896</li></ul>
<h3>Fables, Folk and Fairy Tales</h3>
As editor
<ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/earliestenglishv00doniuoft">Earliest English Version of the Fables of Bidpai</a>, <a href="/facts/David_Nutt_(publisher)/daLecw6f">David Nutt</a>, 1888 , reprint of <a href="/facts/Thomas_North/1uta2V2V">Thomas North</a>'s The Morall Philosophie of Doni</li>
<li>Fables of Aesop as first printed by William Caxton in 1484 with those of Avian, Alfonso and Poggio, <a href="/facts/David_Nutt_(publisher)/daLecw6f">David Nutt</a>, 1889 (<a href="https://archive.org/details/fablesofaesopasf01aeso">Vol. 1</a>, <a href="https://archive.org/details/fablesofaesopasf02aeso">Vol. 2</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/englishfairytale00jaco">English Fairy Tales</a>, 1890 †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/celticfairytale00jacorich">Celtic Fairy Tales</a>, 1891<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/indianfairytales00jaco">Indian Fairy Tales</a>, 1892 †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/moreenglishfairy00jaco">More English Fairy Tales</a>, 1893<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/morecelticfairyt00jaco">More Celtic Fairy Tales</a>, 1894<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a> †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924053968099">Fables of Aesop</a>, 1894 , illustrated by <a href="/facts/Richard_Heighway/1yq0tbNM">Richard Heighway</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/mostdelectablehi00jacorich">The Most Delectable History of Reynard the Fox</a>, 1895 , illustrated by <a href="/facts/W._Frank_Calderon/1vDlJlC5">W. Frank Calderon</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/bookofwondervoya00jacoiala">The Book of Wonder Voyages</a>, 1896 †</li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/europasfairybo00jaco">Europa's Fairy Book</a>, 1916 † – also known as European Folk and Fairy Tales<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li></ul>
† Illustrated by <a href="/facts/John_D._Batten/9n75Cp7m">John D. Batten</a>
Other
<ul><li><a href="https://archive.org/details/storyofgeographi00jacorich">The Story of Geographical Discovery – How the World Became Known</a>, 1916</li></ul>

<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<h3>Footnotes</h3>

<h3>Bibliography</h3>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Percival_Serle/pE5aRLGU">Serle, Percival</a> (1949). <a href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogI-K.html#jacobs1">"Jacobs, Joseph"</a>. <a href="/facts/Dictionary_of_Australian_Biography/UuBrAGFG">Dictionary of Australian Biography</a>. Sydney: <a href="/facts/Angus_%26_Robertson/dI2pRfvY">Angus & Robertson</a>. Retrieved 16 August 2009.</li>
<li>Dorson, Richard (1968). <a href="https://archive.org/details/britishfolkloris00dors">The British Folklorists</a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</li>
<li>Maidment, Brian C. (1975). "Joseph Jacobs and English Folklore in the 1890s". In <a href="/facts/Dov_Noy/dCYQwyM6">Dov Noy</a>; Issachar Ben-Ami (eds.). Studies in the Cultural Life of the Jews in England. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.</li>
<li>Maidment, Brian (1970–1973), "The Literary Career of Joseph Jacobs, 1876–1900", Transactions & Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England), 24: 101–113, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29778806">29778806</a></li>
<li>Phillips, O. Somech (September 1954), "Joseph Jacobs 1854–1916", Folklore, 65 (2): 126–127, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1954.9717434">10.1080/0015587X.1954.9717434</a>, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1259167">1259167</a></li>
<li>Fine, Gary Alan (1987), "Joseph Jacobs: A Sociological Folklorist", Folklore, 98 (2): 183–193, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1987.9716412">10.1080/0015587X.1987.9716412</a>, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1259979">1259979</a></li>
<li>Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945">23600945</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<a href="/facts/Wikisource/TrMdylNf">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:Joseph Jacobs

Wikiquote has quotations related to Joseph Jacobs.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Jacobs.

<ul><li><a href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/joseph-jacobs">Works by Joseph Jacobs in eBook form</a> at <a href="/facts/Standard_Ebooks/PBRzI9lD">Standard Ebooks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2470">Works by Joseph Jacobs</a> at <a href="/facts/Project_Gutenberg/2l0R6GgQ">Project Gutenberg</a></li>
<li><a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Jacobs%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Joseph%20Jacobs%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jacobs%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Joseph%20Jacobs%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jacobs%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Joseph%20Jacobs%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jacobs%2C%20Joseph%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Joseph%20Jacobs%22%29%20OR%20%28%221854-1916%22%20AND%20Jacobs%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Joseph Jacobs</a> at the <a href="/facts/Internet_Archive/PHStU8Lo">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li><a href="https://librivox.org/author/1046">Works by Joseph Jacobs</a> at <a href="/facts/LibriVox/FF71kJKC">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) </li>
<li><a href="http://www.mainlesson.com/displayauthor.php?author=jacobs">works by Joseph Jacobs</a> at The Baldwin Online Children's Project</li>
<li><a href="http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs.html">Joseph Jacobs at SurLaLune Fairy Tale Site</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809045436/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs.html">Archived</a> 9 August 2013 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?17634">Joseph Jacobs</a> at the <a href="/facts/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database/3pvkKL6m">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li>
<li><a href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n79065901">Joseph Jacobs</a> at <a href="/facts/Library_of_Congress/TfB6dEN5">Library of Congress</a>, with 129 library catalogue records (including 24 "from old catalog")</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Contemporary newspaper records show that the most or all of the Fairy Tales collections were published in the autumn for the Christmas gift-book season, in both Britain and the United States. However, some have been catalogued as publications of the following year from their title pages. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Storyteller.net: Storytelling, Storytellers, Stories, Storytelling Techniques, Hear a Story, Read Stories, Audio Stories, Find Tellers, How to Tell A Story – Articles About Storytelling". Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 1 August 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227200415/http://storyteller.net/articles/136" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20161227200415/http://storyteller.net/articles/136</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Sulzberger 1917, p. 68; Phillips 1954, p. 126; Fine 1987, p. 183. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">G. F. J. Bergman, "Jacobs, Joseph (1854–1916)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, MUP, 1983, pp. 460–461. Retrieved 16 August 2009. <a href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090451b.htm" target="_blank">http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090451b.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Jacobs, Joseph (JCBS873J)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. <a href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=JCBS873J&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50" target="_blank">http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=JCBS873J&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Sulzberger 1917, p. 68. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">Sulzberger 1917, p. 68. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Sulzberger 1917, p. 69. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Sulzberger 1917, p. 70. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Sulzberger 1917, p. 71. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Sulzberger 1917, p. 71. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Sulzberger 1917, p. 71. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">Sulzberger 1917, p. 73. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">Sulzberger 1917, pp. 71–72. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Sulzberger 1917, p. 72. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Sulzberger 1917, p. 72. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Sulzberger 1917, p. 72. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Sulzberger 1917, pp. 72–73. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Sulzberger 1917, p. 73. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Sulzberger 1917, p. 68. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">G. F. J. Bergman, "Jacobs, Joseph (1854–1916)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9, MUP, 1983, pp. 460–461. Retrieved 16 August 2009. <a href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090451b.htm" target="_blank">http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090451b.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">Langton, Daniel (2014). "Jewish Evolutionary Perspectives on Judaism, Anti-Semitism, and Race Science in Late 19th Century England: A Comparative Study of Lucien Wolf and Joseph Jacobs". Jewish Historical Studies. 46: 37–73. <a href="https://www.academia.edu/10403965" target="_blank">https://www.academia.edu/10403965</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">Adler, Cyrus (1913). "The Bible Translation". The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of The Jewish Publication Society of America April 5 and 6 1913. The American Jewish Year Book. Vol. 15. American Jewish Committee. p. 109. JSTOR 23600747. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23600747" target="_blank">http://www.jstor.org/stable/23600747</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"SurLaLune Fairytales – Illustration Gallery – John D. Batten (1860–1932) British". Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502164500/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/illustrators/batten.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180502164500/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/illustrators/batten.html</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">Maria Tatar, p. 345, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-3 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">Jacobs, Joseph; Batten, John D. (1890). English Fairy Tales. David Nutt. <a href="https://archive.org/details/englishfairytal00jacogoog" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/englishfairytal00jacogoog</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Jacobs, Joseph; Batten, John D. (1894). "Tamlane". More English Fairy Tales (2nd ed.). London: David Nutt: 159–62. ISBN 0-370-01023-X. <a href="0-370-01023-X" target="_blank">0-370-01023-X</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Joseph Jacobs – English Fairy Tales (notes and references)". surlalunefairytales.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503151052/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs/english/notes.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090503151052/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/authors/jacobs/english/notes.html</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">Phillips 1954, p. 126. - Phillips, O. Somech (September 1954), "Joseph Jacobs 1854–1916", Folklore, 65 (2): 126–127, doi:10.1080/0015587X.1954.9717434, JSTOR 1259167 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1954.9717434" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1954.9717434</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">Sulzberger 1917, p. 73. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">Phillips 1954, p. 127. - Phillips, O. Somech (September 1954), "Joseph Jacobs 1854–1916", Folklore, 65 (2): 126–127, doi:10.1080/0015587X.1954.9717434, JSTOR 1259167 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1954.9717434" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1954.9717434</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">Sulzberger 1917, p. 68. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Sulzberger 1917, pp. 68–69. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Sulzberger 1917, p. 74. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Steel, Flora Annie; Rackham, Arthur (1918). "English fairy tales". repository.maastrichtuniversity.nl. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230821083412/https://repository.maastrichtuniversity.nl/islandora/object/um:46c81d45-b176-420d-8835-1b3bbff26bca#page/1/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20230821083412/https://repository.maastrichtuniversity.nl/islandora/object/um:46c81d45-b176-420d-8835-1b3bbff26bca#page/1/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">English Fairy Tales. 1 February 2005. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7439" target="_blank">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7439</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"The Project Gutenberg eBook of More English Fairy Tales, by Joseph Jacobs". www.gutenberg.org. Retrieved 14 August 2023. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14241/14241-h/14241-h.htm" target="_blank">https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14241/14241-h/14241-h.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Sulzberger 1917, pp. 74–75. - Sulzberger, Mayer (28 September 1916 – 16 September 1917), "Joseph Jacobs", The American Jewish Year Book, 18: 68–75, JSTOR 23600945 <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/23600945</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Contemporary newspaper records show that the most or all of the Fairy Tales collections were published in the autumn for the Christmas gift-book season, in both Britain and the United States. However, some have been catalogued as publications of the following year from their title pages. <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Contemporary newspaper records show that the most or all of the Fairy Tales collections were published in the autumn for the Christmas gift-book season, in both Britain and the United States. However, some have been catalogued as publications of the following year from their title pages. <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">Contemporary newspaper records show that the most or all of the Fairy Tales collections were published in the autumn for the Christmas gift-book season, in both Britain and the United States. However, some have been catalogued as publications of the following year from their title pages. <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">"SurLaLune Fairytales – Illustration Gallery – John D. Batten (1860–1932) British". Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502164500/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/illustrators/batten.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180502164500/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/illustrations/illustrators/batten.html</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Joseph Jacobs open-in-new

Joseph Jacobs